The study evaluated the analgesic activity of two Bangladeshi plants, Wedelia trilobata and Hydnocarpus kurzii, in animal models. Methanolic extracts of the leaves of both plants were tested using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced hind paw licking assays in mice. The extracts of W. trilobata showed significant analgesic effects in both assays at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extracts of H. kurzii also demonstrated significant analgesic effects in a dose-dependent manner in both assays. The results suggest that the extracts have potential peripheral and central analgesic properties, supporting traditional uses of the plants. Further studies are needed to identify active compounds responsible
Studying the Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Properties of The A...iosrphr_editor
The aqueous extract of Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) were investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity at the doses of 2 , 5 , and 10 g/kg, of body weight. The experimental paradigms used were carrageenan, dextran, histamine induced pedal edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma for anti-inflammatory activity, while hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods were used to assess analgesic activity. Yeast-induced hyperpyrexia was used to evaluate the antipyretic activity. In acute phase inflammation, a maximum inhibition 50.6% (P < 0.05), 51.1% (P < 0.05) and 52.3% (P < 0.05) were noted at the dose of 10 g/kg after 3 h of treatment with methanol extract of Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) in carrageenan, dextran and histamine induced pedal edema , respectively. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) , the parsley (10 g/kg) and standard drug (Indomethacin 10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 51.8% (P < 0.05) and 56.6% (P < 0.05) , respectively. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.01) analgesic activity in both paradigms. In addition, the aqueous extract of parsley potentiated the morphine and aspirin induced analgesia. A significant (P < 0.01) reduction in hyperpyrexia in rat was also produced by the extract. This study exhibits that methanol extracts of leaves of parsley possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
Analgesics are drugs used to relieve pain. In this presentation, the various in vitro and in vivo screening methods for the preclinical testing of analgesics are discussed.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Terminalia arjuna bark ethanol extractOpen Access Research Paper
Stem bark of the plant Terminalia arjuna were extracted in 50% ethanol to evaluate for centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500 mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In hot plate test, at both dose levels (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), T. arjuna extract showed significant (p<0.001) increased latency period than the control group. In acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test T. arjuna also showed reduced number of writhes than the control group at two dose levels which are significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The results obtained support the use of stem bark of T.arjuna in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)Aranno Hossain
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)
K. Schum. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model
Md. Al Faruk1, Mohammad Firoz Khan2, Md. Yeunus Mian2, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman3
and Mohammad A. Rashid3
Studying the Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Properties of The A...iosrphr_editor
The aqueous extract of Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) were investigated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity at the doses of 2 , 5 , and 10 g/kg, of body weight. The experimental paradigms used were carrageenan, dextran, histamine induced pedal edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma for anti-inflammatory activity, while hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing methods were used to assess analgesic activity. Yeast-induced hyperpyrexia was used to evaluate the antipyretic activity. In acute phase inflammation, a maximum inhibition 50.6% (P < 0.05), 51.1% (P < 0.05) and 52.3% (P < 0.05) were noted at the dose of 10 g/kg after 3 h of treatment with methanol extract of Parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) in carrageenan, dextran and histamine induced pedal edema , respectively. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) , the parsley (10 g/kg) and standard drug (Indomethacin 10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 51.8% (P < 0.05) and 56.6% (P < 0.05) , respectively. The extract also produced significant (P < 0.01) analgesic activity in both paradigms. In addition, the aqueous extract of parsley potentiated the morphine and aspirin induced analgesia. A significant (P < 0.01) reduction in hyperpyrexia in rat was also produced by the extract. This study exhibits that methanol extracts of leaves of parsley possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.
Analgesics are drugs used to relieve pain. In this presentation, the various in vitro and in vivo screening methods for the preclinical testing of analgesics are discussed.
Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Terminalia arjuna bark ethanol extractOpen Access Research Paper
Stem bark of the plant Terminalia arjuna were extracted in 50% ethanol to evaluate for centrally acting analgesic potential using formalin, hot plate and peripheral pharmacological actions using acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The extract of the plant were found to have significant (p<0.01) analgesic activity at the oral dose of 250 & 500 mg/kg body weight, in the tested models. In hot plate test, at both dose levels (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), T. arjuna extract showed significant (p<0.001) increased latency period than the control group. In acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test T. arjuna also showed reduced number of writhes than the control group at two dose levels which are significant (p<0.05) compared to control. The results obtained support the use of stem bark of T.arjuna in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)Aranno Hossain
Analgesic and Anti-diarrheal Activities of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth)
K. Schum. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model
Md. Al Faruk1, Mohammad Firoz Khan2, Md. Yeunus Mian2, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman3
and Mohammad A. Rashid3
ABSTRACT- Valeriana jatamansii Linn (Valerianaceae) is a medicinal herb used in the traditional health care system of
Uttarakhand (India). The present study reports the anticonvulsant activities in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the
roots of Valeriana jatamansii on the rats, induced both chemically and electrically. The models chosen for the activity
were Maximal Electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. The test dose studied were
400 and 600 mg/kg body weight orally of the extracts. Acute toxicity studies show that the extracts were non toxic up to
the recommended dose 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guideline no 423. In PTZ induced seizures, onset of
clonic convulsions were studied while in MES model, reduction in the mean duration of extensor phase was noted. Both
the extracts showed anticonvulsant activities against MES and PTZ animal models.
Key Words: Anticonvulsant activity, MES, PTZ, Herbal drug
Antinociceptive and Diuretic Activities of Tagetes erecta LinnJing Zang
In the present investigation, the possible antinociceptive and diuretic activities of methanolic extract of Tagetes erecta has been tested in animal models. The methanol extract of both aerial part and root of the plant exhibited significant antinociceptive activity at higher dose (400 mg/kg body weight) in Swiss albino mice. The root extract was found to reduce the writhing more effectively than that of aerial part which is comparable to that produced by aminopyrine, used as standard drug. In addition, crude whole plant extract was also showed efficient diuresis at higher dose 400 mg/kg tested. Diuretic activity was proved by the electrolyte loss ratio (Na+/K+ excretion ratio) and we used furosemide as the reference.
Toxicological profile of Grewia bicolor root extractIOSRJPBS
In recent years, traditional system of medicine has become a topic of global importance. Many of the plant species that provide medicinal herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their possible medicinal, pharmacological and toxicological effects. A number of species of the genus Grewia have been used as medicinal herbs to treat several diseases in different parts of the globe. Grewia bicolor is the most famous medicinal plant among the genus Grewia. Despite the wide use of the plant in traditional medicine, so far no scientific evaluation was carried out on this plant for the preclinical toxicity profile. The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of Grewia bicolor root extract. The plant extract proved that it is relatively safe through the acute and sub-acute studies.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sa...Uploadworld
Xanthosoma sagittifolium is widely used in the folkloric treatment system of Bangladesh for the treatment of different diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory potentiality of methanol extract of Xanthosoma sagittifolium in mice.
Pharmacological and gross behavioral studies on Memecylon terminale Dalz, a ...Jing Zang
The Memecylon terminale Dalz is one of the important medicinal plants that are being used extensively by the Indian traditional healers to cure many diseases although there are no reports on the identity of the active ingredients. This plant belongs to the family of Melastomataceae, exclusively found in the Western Ghat region of Karnataka in India. In this study, we prepared the extracts of this plant by continuous Soxhlet’s extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The concentrated extracts were assayed for their phytochemical constituents, and determined their antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant and RBC protective activity. The phytochemical analysis of M. terminale Dalz extracts revealed the presence of significant levels of alkaloids and flavonoids and moderate amounts of steroids, tannins and phenols. Among the extracts, the methanolic extract of the plant, containing a good percentage of phenolics, showed a dose dependent antibacterial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and in addition, it was found to have a good antioxidant property and analgesic activity. M. terminale Dalz is an endemic medicinal plant found only in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and possessing very good antioxidant and analgesic property. Further detailed studies are needed to identify the active principles and their relationship to biological activities.
Anti-inflammatory activity of pupalia lappacea L. Jusspharmaindexing
Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss is an erect shrub used in folklore medicine to treat bone fractures and in inflammatory conditions. Methanolic extract of aerial parts shown is claimed in traditional medicine that the leaves of the plant are used in the treatment of inflammation. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Pupalia lappacea was screened for its anti-inflammatory activity using carageenan induced rat paw edema egg white induced paw oedema models. The methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg p.o exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema model (p<0.01). In egg white induced model, methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg inhibited paw oedema significantly (p<0.01) indicating that both test samples inhibit the increase in number of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen and mucopolysaccharides during prostaglandin formation during the inflammation. These experimental results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folklore claim of the drug to be used as an anti inflammatory agent. HPTLC analysis of the extract shows the presence of gallic acid 1.24mg/ml, ferulic acid 2.00mg/ml, chlorogenic acid 46.25mg/ml and rutin 7.02mg/ml of the extract which were responsible for the claimed anti-inflammatory action in the animal models studied.
A homeopathic remedy from arnica, marigold, St. John’s wort and comfrey accel...home
Results of this study showed that the low potency homeopathic remedy (0712–2) exerted in vitro
wound closure potential in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. This effect resulted from stimulation of fibroblasts motility rather
than of their mitosis.
Comparative Effect of Aqueous and Methanol Extract of Buchholzia Coriacea ...Scientific Review SR
This study was designed to investigate the comparative effect of aqueous and methanol extract
of Buchholzia coriacea seeds on carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Twenty four albino rats of both
sexes weighing 162.53±3.55 g were used. For the aqueous extract, 12 animals were divided into 4 groups of 3
rats each. Animals in group 1 (positive control) were administer ed 0.5 ml of diclofenac sodium (reference
anti-inflammatory drug) while those in group 2, 3 and 4 were administered 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body
weight of the aqueous extract of Buchholzia coriacea seeds respectively. For the methanol extract, 12 animals
were divided into 4 groups of 3 rats each. Animals in group 1 (positive control) were administered 0.5 ml of
diclofenac sodium (reference anti-inflammatory drug) while those in group 2, 3 and 4 were administered 100,
300 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seeds respectively. Thirty
minutes after treatment of animals in both the aqueous and methanol groups with the drug and extract, 0.2 ml
of 2% carrageenan was injected into the left hind paw of each animal under the sub plantar aponeurosis. Paw
volume of rats were measured before and after carrageenan injection at 30 minutes interval over a period of 3
hours (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180) minutes, to determine the anti -inflammatory response of both extracts,
using carrageenan-induced paw odema method. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the
aqueous extract contains terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids while the methanol extract contains saponins,
flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, terpeno ids and steroids. Proximate analysis of
Buchholzia coriacea seeds revealed that crude fibre has the lowest percentage of (1.10±0.05), ash content
(5.20±0.01), crude fat (4.10±0.02) moisture content (9.10±0.13), crude protein (10.20±0.20) and
carbohydrate with the highest percentage of (70.10±0.04). In terms of percentage inhibition, paw volume was
brought to near normal levels by the methanol extract at 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight which showed
better anti-inflammatory activity than 500 mg/kg body weight o f the same extract as well as all doses of the
aqueous extract and even more than the reference drug. Overall, the anti -inflammatory effect may be traced
to single or synergistic activity of phytoconstituents present in the methanol extract.
The Central and Peripheral effects of the methanol extract of Fadogia cienkow...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Experimental animal studies on analgesic activity of two Bangladeshi plants- Hydnocarpus kurzii and Wedelia trilobata
1. Experimental animal studies on analgesic
activity of two Bangladeshi plants-
Hydnocarpus kurzii
and
Wedelia trilobata
Yesmin Be gum
Senior Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy
Southeast University
2. Abstract
Natural remedies can defeat pain without relying on the risky
drugs. At present, plant parts are widely used traditionally or medicinally to
avoid the life threatening side effects of steroids, NSAIDs and opiates. The
aim of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic activity of two
medicinal plants Wedelia trilobata (Asteraceae) and Hydnocarpus kurzii
( Achariaceae) in animal model. Both plants possess great medicinal value
in folklore medicine. The analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extracts of
both plants was investigated by acetic acid induced writhing and formalin
induced hind paw licking (chemical induced) method at the doses of 100
and 200 mg/kg of body weight. The leaf extract of W. trilobata showed
statistically significant analgesic effect (p<0.001) in acetic induced writhing
and formalin induced hind paw licking swiss albino mice model at both
dose levels. The leaf extract of H. kurzii also demonstrated statistically
significant (p<0.05) analgesic effect in both model. These results suggest
that the methanolic extract of both plants possess potential peripheral and
centrally acting analgesic activity. Hence, the bioactive compounds of both
plants would be evaluated to develop as potent analgesic and anti-
nociceptive agent free from side effects and addiction.
3. A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its organs,
contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or
which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs” (1). In Bangladesh,
about 406 medicinal plants are identified and documented with the
utilized part in different health problems in districts. There are about
297 Unani, 204 Ayurvedic and 77 Homeopatheic drug manufacturing
industries in Bangladesh where the medicinal plants are extensively
used in both raw and semi– processed forms of medicine in various
pharmaceutical dose formulations. These plants also serve as
important raw materials for many modern medicinal preparations. The
market value of drugs produced by these industries from medicinal
plants is about Tk. 300 crores. (The Daily Jugantor, 21 June, 2003).
Ethnopharmacological studies are continued to validate the medicinal
uses of plants in folklore medicine.
Background
4. Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated
with actual or potential tissue damage. Most pain resolves once the
noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist
despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Pain is
the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed
countries. Simple pain medications like analgesics are useful in 20% to
70% of cases. Analgesics are one of the most prescribed drugs in
Bangladesh. Rational or Irrational use of analgesics as paracetamol,
NSAIDs, opoids may lead to potentially life threatening liver damage,
kidney damage, peptic ulcer, renal disease, hemorrhage etc with various
unwanted effects. The present study was focused to manage pain
without any side effects by using two important Bangladeshi plants.
Study Justification
6. Hydnocarpus kurzii or Chaulmugra belonging to the family
Achariaceae, widely distributed through out the forests of
Chittagong, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Cox's Bazar and Moulavi Bazar.
it’s seeds yield chaulmoogra oil, which is used in leprosy and other
skin diseases, also used to treat rheumatism, sprains and bruises,
sciatica and chest complaints, and for dressing wounds.
Wedelia trilobata belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Central
America, now widely distributed in Bangladesh. This species has
been found as an ornamental herb grown in the islands of Dhaka
city streets and in the private gardens. It has long been used as
traditional herbal medicine in South America, China, Japan, India
for the treatment of a variety of ailments like reproductive problems,
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, colds ,flu , fevers and inflammations.
Plant Review
7. Many bioactive compounds have been identified and isolated from
both plants. H. Kurzii has many potential secondary metabolites
as hydnocarpic acid, chaulmoogric acid, gorlic acid , oleic acid
and palmitic acid. W. trilobata has a number of bioactive
compounds as α -phellandrene, germacrene D, D-limonen, 1,5,5-
trimethyl-6-methylene- cyclohexene, caryophyllene, α-pinene, D-
limonene, germacrene D and phytol (2) .
W. trilobata hold great ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and
therapeutic potential that reveals antioxidant, analgesic, anti-
inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound healing, larvicidal,
trypanocidal, uterine contraction, antitumor, hepatoprotective
activities(3).
Pharmacological reports also revealed its use in the treatment of
diabetes, menstrual pain and reproductive problems in women.
H. kurzii also possesses wound healing , anti microbial.,
thrombolytic, analgesic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic
activities(4-10).
Literature Review
8. Collection and authentication of plant
and the plant parts
Extraction of plant materials with
methanol
Evaluation of Analgesic activity using
experimental animal by acetic acid
induced writhing
Evaluation of Analgesic activity using
experimental animal by formalin
induced hind paw licking method
Statistical analysis of the
pharmacological data
Study Design
9. The analgesic property of both extracts was evaluated by acetic
acid induced writhing and formalin induced hind paw licking
method in swiss albino mice. The extracts were administered per
orally. Indomethacin and saline water were used as standard
and normal control respectively.
Rotary Evaporator
Methodology
Fresh leaves of H. kurzii & W. trilobata were collected and extracted
using methanol by maceration. 17.67gm & 15.9gm of extract
residue were obtained from W. trilobata and H. kurzii respectively
after evaporation by Rotary evaporator.
10. Mice(25 -30) were selected and divided into standard,
test and normal control group respectively
At beginning, appropriate concentration of saline water,
Indomethacin & extracts samples were administered
orally to normal, standard and test group respectively
After 30 minutes acetic acid was administered
intraperitoneally to each of the animals of all the groups.
After 5 minutes the no. of writhing was counted for 30
minutes
Acetic acid induced writhing method
11. Mice(25 -30) were selected and divided
into standard, test and normal control
group respectively
At beginning, appropriate
concentration of saline water,
Indomethacin & extracts samples
were administered orally to normal,
standard and test group respectively
After 30 minutes formalin was
administered to each of the animals
of all the groups
The number of paw licking was
measured in each mouse from 0-5
minutes and 20-30 minutes.
Formalin induced hind paw licking method
12. Group Dose No. of writhing
Standard 10mg/kg 9.00 ± 1.20 ***
W. Trilobata 100mg/kg 15.75 ± 0.85***
W. Trilobata 200mg/kg 11.25 ± 0.75***
H. kurzii 100mg/kg 24.75 ± 1.30*
H.kurzii 200mg/kg 24.25 ± 1.40*
Data Analysis for Analgesic Activities
The effect of the methanolic extract of H.kurzii and W.trilobata on
acetic acid induced writhing in mice is shown in the following table.
All values are Mean ± SEM, n = 4 One way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test was performed as the test of
significance. The minimum value of p < 0.001 and p<0.05 were
considered significant with control group
13. Group Dose No. of licking
in Early
phase
No. of
licking in
Late phase
Standard 10mg/kg 9.25±0.8*** 11.5 ± 0.2***
W. Trilobata 100mg/kg 24.7±2.1*** 15.75±0.55***
W. Trilobata 200mg/kg 19.25± 0.75*** 11.5 ±0.64***
H. kurzii 100mg/kg 31.5±4.4* 15 ±1.2*
H.kurzii 200mg/kg 27.5± 2.4* 12 ±1.4*
Continued…….
The effect of the methanolic extract of H. kurzii & W. trilobata on
formalin induced pain in mice is shown in the following table. All
values are Mean ± SEM, n = 4 One way Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) followed by Dennett's test was performed as the test
of significance. The minimum value of p < 0.001 and p<0.05
were considered significant with control group
14. Acetic acid induced writhing is a sensitive method in evaluating for
peripheral analgesic activity. Writhing is an overt response to the
intense pain induced by irritant principles via nociceptors
characterized by episodes of retraction of abdomen and stretching
of hind limb. The experimental result of this method recommend
that prostaglandin synthesis might be inhibited by the extracts of
both plant, a peripheral mechanism of pain reduction.
Formalin induced paw licking test produces a distinct biphasic
response including early phase and late phase. Pain sensation
observed during early phase is supposed to reflect the neurogenic
pain while late phase is believed to represent inflammatory pain. In
this test the delay in paw licking time in both phases further
approve that the extracts have analgesic activity with both pathway
involving inflammatory and non-inflammatory analgesia.
Continued……..
15. In summary, present pharmacological study
results of leaf extracts of W. trilobata and H.
kurzii verifies the previous reports and also
correlates with the medicinal uses. Further
investigation should be carried out to identify
the responsive compounds and evaluate the
possible mechanisms of analgesia.
Conclusion
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