Experientialism emerged as a philosophical theory in the 1950s-1980s that maintained personal experience is the principal basis of knowledge. It developed in response to the inadequacies of behaviorism. Major theorists included Dewey, Lewin, Piaget, Kolb, Lakoff, and Johnson. Kolb's experiential learning cycle emphasized a four-stage process: concrete experience, observation/reflection, formation of abstract concepts, testing concepts in new situations. Lakoff and Johnson argued meaning depends on how we frame experiences based on our bodies and social contexts. Experientialism posits that learning occurs best through hands-on experience and reflection rather than passive knowledge transmission. It remains influential in fields like education,
Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
Learn about educational philosophies and take the movie quiz here - http://community.eflclassroom.com/profiles/blogs/what-is-your-philosophy-of-education
Placement assessments are used to “place” students into a course, course level, or academic program. For example, an assessment may be used to determine whether a student is ready for Algebra I or a higher-level algebra course, such as an honors-level course.
For this reason, placement assessments are administered before a course or program begins, and the basic intent is to match students with appropriate learning experiences that address their distinct learning needs.
Diagnostic Assessment Is An Essential Device In A Teacher's "Tool Kit", Which Can Be Used To Diagnose Strengths And Area Of Need In All Students.
▪ Diagnostic Assessment Involves The Gathering And Careful Evaluation Of Detailed Data Using Student’s Knowledge And Skills In A Given Learning Area.
Classroom Strategies for the Support of Gifted and TalentGiftedkids.ie
Peter Lydon, Second Level Teacher, CTYI, ICEPE and NCTE tutor discusses strategies for the support of gifted learners. Recorded webinar available at Learncentral.org - http://tinyurl.com/classroomstrategies
A collaborative presentation on different type of assessments in education as a group project for Masters in education program. Co-presented with Ms. Anari, Ms. Divya, Ms. Jie , and Mr. Simon
Placement assessments are used to “place” students into a course, course level, or academic program. For example, an assessment may be used to determine whether a student is ready for Algebra I or a higher-level algebra course, such as an honors-level course.
For this reason, placement assessments are administered before a course or program begins, and the basic intent is to match students with appropriate learning experiences that address their distinct learning needs.
Diagnostic Assessment Is An Essential Device In A Teacher's "Tool Kit", Which Can Be Used To Diagnose Strengths And Area Of Need In All Students.
▪ Diagnostic Assessment Involves The Gathering And Careful Evaluation Of Detailed Data Using Student’s Knowledge And Skills In A Given Learning Area.
Classroom Strategies for the Support of Gifted and TalentGiftedkids.ie
Peter Lydon, Second Level Teacher, CTYI, ICEPE and NCTE tutor discusses strategies for the support of gifted learners. Recorded webinar available at Learncentral.org - http://tinyurl.com/classroomstrategies
A collaborative presentation on different type of assessments in education as a group project for Masters in education program. Co-presented with Ms. Anari, Ms. Divya, Ms. Jie , and Mr. Simon
Do i actually have to interact with students as well as teach them slideshareValéria Benévolo França
This presentation was given as a plenary at the ACINNE Conference, November 2011, Salvador. The ppt contains a great delam more of writing in an attempt to reconstruct what was said.
Learn Through Play is a simple PowerPoint tutorial created to guide parents and new teachers into the world of play. In this tutorial, you will learn the how play develops other life skills. An observation template is provided, as well as a checklist. Watch and enjoy!
Learners and Learning: Section Three: School learningSaide OER Africa
In Section Three we will build on these ideas with special reference to schooling. In particular, we want to focus on the following question: "Should the kind of teaching and learning that occurs in schools be more like the learning that occurs in everyday life?" How is school learning different from everyday learning, and how can teachers implement good school learning in their classrooms?
Social constructivism focuses on the collaborative nature of learning. Knowledge develops from how people interact with each other, their culture, and society at large. Students rely on others to help create their building blocks, and learning from others helps them construct their own knowledge and reality. Social constructivism, a social learning theory developed by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, posits that individuals are active participants in the creation of their own knowledge. While social constructionism focuses on the artifacts that are created through the social interactions of a group, social constructivism focuses on an individual's learning that takes place because of his or her interactions in a group. A very simple example is an object like a cup. Cognitive constructivism comes from the work of Jean Piaget and his research on cognitive development in children. Social. Social constructivism focuses on the collaborative nature of learning. Knowledge develops from how people interact with each other, their culture, and society at large. This is the Theory proposed by Piaget and Vygotsky.
Phonological System of Standard British English Atula Ahuja
English the ‘language of survival and growth in the competitive world’. The main varieties of English have been classified according to their traditional historical and sociolinguistic bases. This presentation gives a description of the phonological system of British English and compares it to that of standard American English.
Social stratification of (r) in New York City Department StoresAtula Ahuja
In 1966, William Labov conducted a study “The Social Stratification of (r) in New York City to demonstrate the variation in the pronunciation of post-vocalic –/r/ according to social group. He hypothesized, “salespeople in the highest ranked store will have the highest values of (r); those in the middle ranked store will have intermediate values of (r); and those in the lowest ranked store will show the lowest values”. (Labov 1966:65)” The results showed a clear stratification along socio- economic class and status dimension and proved the hypothesis. He also found that rhotic use of /r/ was more widespread among younger age group and women. In NYC, pronouncing /r/ is considered prestigious but in Reading, it’s not. At the beginning of the words, hotel, herb, hour. Interestingly, initial [h] has reappeared in the speech of London youth who belong to ethnic minority (Holmes, 2008).
In this paper Elena Semino discusses a useful approach to studying text worlds in poetry. This is the schema theory approach derived from the theory of background knowledge and comprehension.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Description and Background
1950s
Behaviorism dominated the field of human learning,
education and linguistics.
1960s- discontent with the inadequacies of
Behaviorism due to reductionist view.
1970s- 80s
Non-reductionist theories emerged.
Focus: Mind
3. John Dewey (1938)
Learning cycle:
1. Review
2. Observe
3. Plan and proceed
Kurt Lewin (1942)
Observe
Review
Plan
Observe/
Reflect
Abstract
concepts
Active
Experimenta
tion
Concrete
Experience1. Experience
2. Reflect
3. Conclude and learn
4. Act out your plan.
4. Piaget emphasized the role of biological maturation
and environment on reorganization of mental
processes. He believed that children construct the
world around them by combining what they already
know with what they discover in their environment.
The experience of acquiring new knowledge leads to the
development of 2 different kinds of knowledge:
Physical
Experience
Logico- mathematical
Experience
2
1
Jean Piaget (1970s)
5. Concerns itself
with properties of
the objects-weight,
volume, size etc
Concerns itself with
knowledge of
actions with highest
forms of abstract
reasoning
Final Principal of Piaget
Intelligence is an action and education,
a result of child’s natural curiosity to
experience the world.
7. Further advancement
Early 1980s- Mezirow, David Kolb, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson
Kolb pointed that learning depends on how we process
experience and reflect on it.
Learning is a cycle that begins with experience.
Continues with reflection
Leads to action
Swedish Professor Roger Saljo (1979) theorized –the more
the experiences, the better internalized is the learning.
Thus rudiments of experiential theory come into play.
8. Visibility
With this Experientialism began to
emerge as a philosophical theory
which maintained that personal
experience is the principal basis of
knowledge.
9. Cognitivism revisited
David Kolb (proposed the Theory of
Experiential Learning in his book- Experiential
Learning in1984)
George Lakoff (1981- 87)
Mark Johnson (1981- 87)
Catherine Snow( currently professor at
Harvard)
During the 1980s Cognitivism gained importance
in the field of Linguistics
10. Kolb’s conceptualization of Experiential Learning
He suggests:
Divergent quadrant: Practitioners
of creative disciplines
Assimilative quadrant: Pure
scientists and mathematicians
Convergent quadrant: Applied
scientists and lawyers
Accommodative quadrant:
Professionals, such as teachers
“Learning is the process
whereby knowledge is
created through
transformation of
experience. “
Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle
(1984)based on Lewin’s research
11. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson
In Metaphors We Live By (1980), Lakoff and Johnson based
Experientialism on the principles of cognitive linguistics.
“Thought is the disembodied manipulation of abstract
symbols; that concepts are internal representations of
external reality; that symbols have meaning by virtue
of their correspondence to real objects.”
Key ideas:
Thought and meaning are disembodied.
Meaning depends on how we frame experience.
The mind is shaped by bodily and social experience.
Image schemas arise from bodily functions.
12. Schemas Theory: Piaget, Lakoff & Johnson, R.C
Anderson
The term ‘schema’ was first used by Piaget in 1926.
Schema has 2 categories: 1. that of knowledge itself
2. process of obtaining that
knowledge
1. Abstract concepts are understood well only after
concrete information has been acquired.
2. This knowledge establishes the framework into which
new knowledge can be assimilated.
13. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson jointly introduced the notion of
“image schema” as one of experientialism’s major foundational
pillars in the book ‘The Body in the Mind’ (1987)
A dog is a ‘prototypical member’ in the category
‘ANIMAL’, will have more attributes with an animal as
compared to a bird and will have more attributes with
the category ‘MAMALS’ than to ‘REPTILES’.
Animation created by Daurice Grossniklaus and Bob Rodes (03/2002)
http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Click to Play
14. Schemas
are organized
meaningfully.
change with new
knowledge.
reorganize and
restructure
themselves if
concept
changes.
Characteristics of schemata
Anderson (1977)
15. Catherine Snow
Prof of Education at Harvard
Social Interactionist
Interaction with adults plays an important part in children's
language acquisition.
“Children who are fearful, anxious or disengaged from others,
loose out on countless opportunities to learn. “
According to her parents to child in, ‘mother’s speech.’ These
are short, simple sentences with exaggerated inflections and
musical speech. (1977)
16. Experientialism in a nutshell
We learn best from our own experiences and
reviews.
Doing is far more important knowing.
Experience moves beyond knowledge- into skill
building.
To make learning permanent, the learning process
should be made enjoyable, motivating and
rewarding.
Respects the individuals ideas and choices.
Space for reflection
Process gets privilege over result.
Effective learning requires controlled steps outside
comfort zones.
20. Experientialism creates more
meaningful knowledge
Knowledge is more meaningful when children
construct it themselves rather than having it
imposed upon them.
When knowledge is not based on temporary
memorization, it is not easily forgotten.
21. Experientialism produces
creative minds
Children become critical, creative, and inventive
because the major part of their learning relies on
active experimentation and discovery.
Multiple teaching/learning methods can be
integrated to maximize creativity.
22. Experientialism builds self-esteem
The process of “discovery” of knowledge and
solutions builds competence and confidence.
Children will be more willing to explore new
ideas.
23. Experientialism encourages
cooperation
When children need to learn through interaction,
cooperative work is encouraged.
Language is developed at the same time as
cooperative skills.
24. Experientialism does not depend
on rewards and punishments
Children learn automatically while they are
exposed to new experiences (or even the
repeated ones).
Parents or instructors do not need to present them
with rewards to stimulate learning.
In the same way, punishments are discouraged as
they would make children afraid to try different
things.
25. Experientialism does not
concentrate on academic
outcomes
Learning outcomes are not measured by
traditional standardized tests.
Language development is observed on
practical usage.
Therefore, children are not pressured or
forced to learn. Learning is more fun!
27. Readiness is essential
Children need to be “ready” to assimilate the
new experience to current ones. They must
know how to make connection between old
and new information.
They need to be able to make sense of it;
otherwise, it will not be useful. Learning
cannot occur.
28. Motivation is needed
Children must be open to learn. If they don’t pay
attention or don’t participate, then learning won’t
take place.
Educational content that is either too simple or too
advanced might not be interesting.
Instructors then need to adjust, but it is difficult to
support everyone at the same time since each
child has different potential.
29. Repetition of usage can create
wrong understanding
One-time experience may not be enough to
learn some contents.
BUT if not explained, children can repeat
things without actual understanding.
31. Limitation obstructs knowledge
If children are not exposed to a variety of
language use, they cannot learn new things.
When linguistic experience is limited, their
knowledge tend to be constricted.
Therefore, learning by experientialism
depends too much on external factors.
32. Reoccurrence of mistakes
without corrections
Children say what they hear. The more they
hear it, the more it seems to them that this is
the only way it can be said.
When adults imitate children’s mistakes
instead of correcting them, children won’t
realize their own mistakes and keep saying
them the same way.
34. Let’s make Dog Origami!Fold the paper in half
downwards to make a
triangle.
Fold in half again
horizontally, and unfold right
away. Fold the two corners
down from the top of the
crease in the middle of the
paper.
Fold the top and bottom
corners to the back.
Draw a dog face and
you’re done!
43. Tips: Approaches that promote
Learning by Doing and Active
Learning
Cooperative Language Learning
Group learning activity
Learning is dependent on the socially structured
exchange of information between learners in
groups and others.
44. Activities in Active Learning
• note
comparison/s
haring
• flash
cards
• work on the
board
• a think-
pair-share
a class
discussion
a class
game
a short
written
exercise:
a daily
journal
an
effective
response
Role-playing
brainstorming
Mind mapping
case study
47. Issues on Language
Acquisition
1. The Origin of Language
Knowledge
2. The Nature of Innate Ability
3. The Role of Environment
4. How Languages are Learned
5. The Primary Focus of Study
48. 1. The Origin of Language Knowledge
Experientialism holds that language is learned
through environment with some help of
innateness.
Behaviourism holds that language is learned
solely through environment with some help of
innateness.
Nativism holds that language is acquired solely
through innateness (species-specific LAD/LF) with
some help of environment.
49. 1. The Origin of Language Knowledge
Functionalism holds that language knowledge is
learned through environment with some help of
innateness.
Cognitivism holds that language is learned
through environment with some help of
innateness.
Constructivism holds that language is learned
through environment with some help of
innateness.
50. 2. The Nature of Innate Capacity
Experientialism holds that general cognitive
capacity plays a partial role in learning process by
strengthening experiential association between
stimuli and responses.
Behaviourism holds that general cognitive
capacity plays a partial role in language learning.
Nativism holds that specific cognitive capacities
plays the most important role in language
acquisition.
51. 2. The Nature of Innate Capacity
Functionalism holds that general cognitive
capacity plays a partial role in language
learning
Cognitivism holds that general cognitive
capacity plays a major role in language
learning
Constructivism holds that general cognitive
capacity plays a major role in language
learning
52. 3. The Role of Environment
Experientialism holds that frequency of
language experience play a major role in
learning process.
Behaviourism holds that language
experience play a major role in language
learning.
Nativism holds that language experience
basically contributes to language
development.
53. 3. The Role of Environment
Cognitivism holds that language interactive
experience just triggers cognitive development, in turn
playing a major role in language learning.
Functionalism holds that language communicative
experience (linguistic function) plays a major role in
language learning.
Constructivism holds that language interactive
experience in social context is foundational in
cognitive development and play a major role in
language learning.
54. 4. How Languages are Learned
Experientialism holds that children learn language
through mentally constructing language knowledge
based on strengthened personal language experience
.
Behaviourism holds that children learn language
primarily through a process of S-R-R concept.
Nativism holds that children acquire language through
specific cognitive capacities or language-specific
capacity with basic support from Language experience
.
55. 4. How Languages are Learned
Functionalism holds that children learn language
hugely by a process of mapping relations between
linguistic functions and forms, motivated by
communicative need.
Cognitivism holds that children learn language by
mentally constructing language knowledge from
surrounding language experience.
Constructivism holds that children learn language by
mentally constructing language knowledge from
interactive language experience.
56. 5. The Primary Focus of Study
Experientialists focus study primarily on mind
and learning processing
Behaviourists focus study primarily on empirical
Linguistics behaviour.
Nativists focus study primarily on an internal
structure of language.
57. 5. The Primary Focus of Study
Functionalists focus study primarily on language
form and particularly language function (linguistic
function/pragmatic meaning).
Cognitivists focus study primarily on underlying
motivation and deeper structure of linguistic
behaviour.
Constructivists focus study primarily on social
interaction and learning processing.
57