Expectorants are agents that enhance sputum secretion from the respiratory tract and facilitate removal of bronchopulmonary mucus. They are classified as sedatives like ipecac or stimulants like eucalyptus oil. Potassium iodide is a sedative expectorant prepared by reacting iodine with potassium hydroxide or using iron fillings with potassium carbonate. Ammonium chloride is also a sedative expectorant made by neutralizing hydrochloric acid with ammonia. Emetics induce vomiting by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone or irritating the GI tract. Copper sulphate is a common emetic that is prepared as blue crystals through a two-
This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Dental product is a topic of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry,for B.Pharmacy First year students.
this ppt is presented with the aim to enable with students to easily grasp unfamiliar,unacquainted & seemingly complicated concepts of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry so that it helps them to kindle their interest in the subject.
Prepared by,
Ms. Megha M. Muley
Assistant Professor
DEFINATION
TYPES OF COUGH
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPECTORANT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
DEFINATION OF EMETICS
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EMETICS
COMPOUND RELATED TO EXPECTORANT.
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Arsenic is well known under desirable hand harmful due to its toxic nature, it poses the serious health hazard, which is present in medical substance, many qualitative and quantitative test for arsenic known, however Pharmacopoeia method is based on ‘Gutzeit Method’.
Concentration of arsenic beyond 0.01 mg/L in pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Reasons:
• Stannous chloride is used for complete evolution of arsine.
• Zinc, potassium iodide and stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent.
• Hydrochloride acid is used to make the solution acidic.
• Lead acetate pledger or papers are used to trap any hydrogen sulphide, which may be evolved along with arsine.
This is chapter No 3 of Pharmaceutical Chemistry - I for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharmacy) Details notes for Diploma in Pharmacy (D.Pharmacy) Students.
Dental product is a topic of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry,for B.Pharmacy First year students.
this ppt is presented with the aim to enable with students to easily grasp unfamiliar,unacquainted & seemingly complicated concepts of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry so that it helps them to kindle their interest in the subject.
Prepared by,
Ms. Megha M. Muley
Assistant Professor
DEFINATION
TYPES OF COUGH
CLASSIFICATION OF EXPECTORANT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
DEFINATION OF EMETICS
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF EMETICS
COMPOUND RELATED TO EXPECTORANT.
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Arsenic is well known under desirable hand harmful due to its toxic nature, it poses the serious health hazard, which is present in medical substance, many qualitative and quantitative test for arsenic known, however Pharmacopoeia method is based on ‘Gutzeit Method’.
Concentration of arsenic beyond 0.01 mg/L in pollutant by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Reasons:
• Stannous chloride is used for complete evolution of arsine.
• Zinc, potassium iodide and stannous chloride is used as a reducing agent.
• Hydrochloride acid is used to make the solution acidic.
• Lead acetate pledger or papers are used to trap any hydrogen sulphide, which may be evolved along with arsine.
Alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds of low molecular weight. They are mainly produced by plants and animals for defense. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, codeine, coniine, quinine, scopolamine, hyoscamine, atropine, caffeine, sangunarine, berberine, etc.
anthraquinone, coumarin, cyanogens (cyanohydrin), flavonoids, glucosinolates (or thioglycosides), phenols, steroidal, terpenoids, and saponins.
A type of chemical found in plants and in certain foods, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, wine, and tea.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. EXPECTORANT
These are the agents which enhance the secretion of
sputum from trachea, bronchi or lungs and hence they are
used in treatment of cough.
OR
They are also defined as agent that facilitates the removal
of broncho-pulmonary mucus secretion membrane.
4. 1. SEDATIVE EXPECTORANTS
These are stomach irritants which are
able to produce their effect through
stimulation of gastric reflux. E.g. bitter
drugs as Ipecac, senega, and compounds
such as antimony potassium tartarate,
ammonium chloride, potassium iodide.
5. 2. STIMULANT EXPECTORANTS
Expectorants which bring about stimulation of
secretory cells of the respiratory tract directly or
indirectly since these drugs stimulates secretion ,
more fluid gets produced in respiratory tract and
hence sputum is diluted. E.g. Eucalyptus oil, Lemon,
Anise and Terpine oil.
6. POTASSIUM IODIDE
Mol. Formula_ KI
Mol. Weight_ 166 gm
Synonyms_ Potide, Kalli Iodidum
Standard_ It contain not less than 99% KI with
reference to a dried basis
MOP_
a) Laboratory Method
b) Industrial Method
7. A)LABORATORY METHOD
Prepared by treating slight excess of iodine with a
hot aqueous solution of Potassium hydroxide. The
pale yellow solution is evaporated to dryness and
residue is heated with charcoal to reduce iodate to
iodide.
6KOH + 3I2 KIO3 + 5KI + 3H2O
KIO3 + 3C KI+ 3CO
8. B) INDUSTRIAL METHOD
It can be prepared by using potassium carbonate
and iron fillings. Iron filling are agitated in the
iodine solution to form ferro ferric iodide which
on further boiling with conc. solution of
potassium carbonate gives potassium iodide.
4Fe + 5I2 2FeI2.FeI3
FeI2.FeI3 + 4K2CO3 8KI + FeO.FeO3 + 4CO2
9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
White granular powder
Slightly hygroscopic in nature
Taste is saline and slight bitter
Soluble in water, glycerin and alcohol
On exposure to air, it become yellow
10. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. With silver nitrate it gives yellow ppt of silver iodide
KI + AgNO3 AgI (yellow) + KNO3
2. Iodine ion gets oxidised to iodine when treated with
oxidising agents
2I I + 2e-
11. Storage condition-
It should be stored in well closed container
Incompatibillity-
It is incompatible with salt of iron, bismuth,
mercury, potassium chlorate and alkaloidal salts.
Uses-
1. As an expectorant
2. Act as source of iodine and potassium
3. In treatment of goiter
4. Use as saline diuretics
5. As anti-fungal agent in veterinary practices
12. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
Molecular Formula-NH4CI
Molecular weight- 53.49g
Synonyms- Salmiac, Amchlor
Standard- contains NLT 99.5% of ammonium chloride
calculated with reference to dried substance
Method of Preparation-
1. By neutralizing hydrochloric acid with ammonia
NH3+ HCI NH4CI
2. By ammonium sulphate with sodium chloride
2NaCl + (NH4)2SO4 2NH3+2HCl+Na2SO4
2NH3+ 2HCl 2NH4CI
13. Physical Properties-
1. White, fine crystalline powder
2. Odourless and cooling saline taste
3. Hygroscopic in nature
4. Freely soluble in water but slightly soluble in
alcohol
Chemical properties-
In its vapour form, it dissociate in ammonia
and hydrochloric acid
NH4CI NH3+ HCI
14. Storage condition-
It should be stored in well closed container
Uses-
1. As Expectorant
2. As Diuretics
3. As systemic Acidifier
15. EMETICS
Emetics are the agents which when
administered orally or by injection induce
induce the vomiting
Mechanism of action-
1. By stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone
2. By refluxly producing irritation on g.i.t. tract
16. COPPER SULPHATE
Molecular formula- CuSO4.H2O
Molecular weight- 249.7 g
Synonym- Blue vitriol, Cupric sulphate
Standard- contains NLT 98.5% and NMT 100.5%
calculated with reference to the dried substance
Physical properties-
1. Deep blue crystals of pentahydratein granules or
powder form
2. soluble in water insoluble in alcohol
3. Acidic in nature
17. METHOD OF PREPARATION
Two step reaction-
1. Copper granules are heated with sulphur, a mixture of
copper sulphate and cupric oxide is obtained. Solution
is filtered to separate copper sulphate crystals.
2. in second step residue CuO is again treated with dil.
Sulphuric acid to convert into copper sulphate.
3Cu + S CuSO4+2CuO
dil.HCI
2CuSO4.H2O
18. STORAGE CONDITION-
It must be protected from air, heat and
moisture
Incompatibility-
It has been incompatible with alkalis,
phosphates, propylene glycol
sulphathiaole
19. USES-
used as an emetic
Use as chemical antidote in phosphorus
poisoning
Externally used as astringents and fungicidal
As an ingredient in Benedicts and Fehling's
reagents
Use in preparation of absolute alcohol