This document provides an overview of the existential and psychoanalytical models of conceptualizing human behavior in psychiatric nursing. It defines key terms like theory, concepts, assumptions and phenomena. For the existential model, it describes the philosophical origins, views on behavioral deviations, therapeutic process and roles of therapist and client. For the psychoanalytical model, it outlines Freud's structural theory of mind, psychosexual stages of development, basic concepts like psychic energy and instincts, and roles of patient and psychoanalyst in therapy.
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Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
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Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
Beliefs about mental illness have been characterized by superstition, ignorance and fear. Although time and advances in scientific understanding of mental illness have dispelled many false ideas, there remain a number of popular misconceptions.
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This presentation aims to make an individual understand about the development of Psychoanalytic theory, aspects related to it and specially more focus on the therapeutic approach.
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Beliefs about mental illness have been characterized by superstition, ignorance and fear. Although time and advances in scientific understanding of mental illness have dispelled many false ideas, there remain a number of popular misconceptions.
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Theoretical approaches to psychiatric nursing carepiyushparashar13
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The Psychodynamic perspective of psychology is significant to study human behaviour and personality. This theory gives detailed description on the dynamics of mind and it also includes the core concepts.
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This is a content of PERSONALITY, FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY & HUMAN BEHAVIOR. This content also explains important theories of personality in brief. I have prepared it for my Advance Nursing Practice presentation. Hope it will be helpful for Msc. nursing students.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
Existential & psychoanalytical model
1. CONCEPTUAL MODELS
EXISTENTIAL MODEL &
PSYCHOANALYTICAL MODEL
PREPARED BY
Mrs. Divya Pancholi
M.Sc. (Psychiatric Nursing)
Assistant Professor
SSRCN, Vapi
2. INTRODUCTION
‘Model is an organized complex
body of knowledge such as
concepts related to human
behavior.’
3. The recognized conceptual models that are
used in psychiatric nursing are:
Medical model
Nursing model
Statistical model
Communication model
Social model
Existential model
Psychoanalytical model
Behavioral model
Interpersonal model
4. TERMINOLOGY
THEORY- A theory is a set of concepts, definitions,
relationships and assumptions or propositions that
project/explain a systematic view of phenomena.
The theory explains how these elements are uniquely
related in the phenomena.
CONCEPTS- Mental formulations of an object or an
event which will come from individual perceptual
experience, e.g. ideas, mental images, etc. which
describes phenomena.
5. CONTI…
DEFINITION- It conveys the general meaning of the
concepts in a manner that fits the theory. It also
describes the activity necessary to measure the
constructs, relationships or variables.
ASSUMPTIONS- Statements that describes factual
concepts, statements that determine the nature,
definitions, purpose, relationships and structure of the
theory.
PHENOMENON- Aspects of reality that can be
consciously sensed or experienced, phenomena are apart
of the domain of discipline.
6. 1. EXISTENTIAL MODEL
Satre, Heidegger and Kierkegaard are
the philosophers of existential model.
The theory focuses on person’s present
experience provide less attention to the
person’s past.
7. EXISTENTIAL VIEW OF BEHAVIORAL
DEVIATION
Behavior deviations will occur
If the individual is out of touch with him or
his environment or when he poses self-
imposed restrictions or inhibitors.
When individual is not free to choose from
among alternative behavior.
When the individual avoids socially
acceptable and responsible behavior.
8. MANIFESTATIONS
• Helplessness
• Sadness
• Lonely/aloof
• Self-criticism
• Lack of self -awareness
• Prevents participating in authentic and
rewarding relationships with others
9. CONTI…
• Surrenders to the demand of others.
• Psychiatric clients lost the values which gives
meaning for the existence; the world is absurd,
gives invalid demands.
• Lacks of commitment
• Hazy identity
• Sense of unreality
• Will not accept the painful realities of life
• Altered sense of time
10. EXISTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC
PROCESS
The therapeutic process assumes that the patient
must be able to choose freely from what life has
to offer.
The therapeutic goal is to return the patient to an
authentic awareness of his being. The existential
therapeutic process focuses on the encounter.
The client is helped to accept and understand his
past, to live present and to look forward to the
future.
11. ROLE OF EXISTENTIAL
THERAPIST
Therapist acts as a guide, director and role model
Provides warmth and caring, give values to the clients.
Helps the client to find his way from the alienation of
madness to the relatedness of full life.
Therapist points out the areas where the client has to
consider change.
Treats the client as an adult, encourages hope and trust.
12. ROLE OF CLIENT
Client is active in therapy.
Client must be open and honest; ready for
change.
Accepts responsibility for his behavior.
Works toward the challenges kept by the
therapist.
13. PSYCHOANALYTICAL MODEL
Given by Sigmund Freud.
It is based on the concept of intrapsychic conflict within
the individual.
Psycho analysis system was presented both theoretical
and practical side.
On the theoretical side, it presented a theory to
understand and explain the human psyche and
On the practical side, it studies human behavior and also
as a therapy to treat mentally ill.
14. DEFINTION
It is defined as a psychological
theory of mind and personality
development based on concept of
‘intrapsychic conflict’
15. BASIC CONCEPTS
1. PSYCHIC ENERGY/ PSYCHIC DETERMINISM:
The human organism is a complicated energy system
deriving from all the instincts or desires or needs
fulfillment. The form of energy which operates the three
systems of personality is called as ‘psychic energy’.
It performs psychological work, i.e. thinking,
perceiving, recalling, reasoning and analyzing etc. no
mental activity or behavior is a random, accidental or
meaningless, unless it is caused by abnormal behavior.
16. 2. INSTINCTS/DRIVES:
An instinct is the mental representative of a bodily
need.
Freud used the word instinct in his theories as the
energy of all the life instincts. I.e. libido. It is a sum
of psychic energy which imparts direction to
psychological processes.
The aim of an instinct is the fulfilled, the individual
will get psychological and physiological satisfaction
and the source of that instinct is eliminated, e.g.
hunger drive.
17. CONTI…
3. CATHEXIS:
Utilization of energy in the image of an object or in
discharge action upon an object that will satisfy an
instinct is called as, ‘cathexis’. The total energy of the id,
is utilized in object-cathexis.
4. ANTI- CATHEXIS:
The urging forces are to satisfy instinct, ‘cathexis’ and
The checking forces are ‘anti-cathexis’.
The ego and super ego possess anti-cathexis. Ego and super
ego checks the actions of id with their own forces.
18. THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF MIND
In 1923, Sigmund Freud
ID
The id is the locus of the instinctual drives- the
“pleasure principle”.
present at birth.
it is totally unconscious, containing the basic drives
and instincts concerned with survival, sexual drive and
aggression.
The only urge of this drive is immediate gratification.
19. CONTI…
EGO
Ego is primarily determined and guided by the “reality
principle’.
It is immediacy between three set of forces i.e. the
instinctive, irrational demands of the id, realities of the
external world and the ethical, moral demands of the
super ego.
Ego maintains a balance between id and super ego on
one hand and the reality on the other.
20. CONTI…
SUPER EGO
• Super ego referred to as a perfection principle.
• It consists of punitive con-science and non-punitive
conscience; both derive form the effect of parental influence
on the ego.
• The parental influences not only include the effect of actual
parents but also of the important people in the surrounding
environment.
• Fear of punishment and a desire for approval cause the child
to identify himself with the moral percepts of parents.
21. • The open criticism, prohibitions, guilt arousing
statements and punishments are introjected as
conscience.
• Super ego develops in the five years of age of
the child, it is idealistic in nature and perfection
is its goal.
• On the other hand, the approvals and rewards
become introjected as the ego ideal.
• Super ego is also furnished with the power to
reward or to punish.
22.
23.
24. BEHAVIORAL EXAMPLES
ID EGO SUPER EGO
“I found this
wallet; I will keep
the money.”
– “I already have
money. This
money doesn’t
belong to me.
Maybe the person
who owns this
wallet doesn’t
have any money”.
– “It is never
right to take
something that
doesn’t belong to
you”.
28. STAGE AGE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL
TASK
ABNORMALITY
Oral Birth to 18
months
Relief from anxiety through
oral gratification of needs
Dependent
personality traits,
schizophrenia,
severe mood
disorders, and
alcohol
dependence
syndrome and
drug dependence
behavior.
Anal 18 months
to 3 years
Learning independence and
control, with focus on the
excretory function
To obsessive
compulsive
personality traits
and obsessive
compulsive
disorder.
29. STAGE AGE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL
TASK
ABNORMALITY
Phallic 3 to 6
years
Identification with parent of
same gender, development
of sexual identity
focus on genital organs
Sexual deviations,
sexual dysfunction
and neurotic
disorders.
Latency 6 to 12
years
Sexuality repressed, focus on
relationships with same-
gender peers
Neurotic disorders.
Genital 13 to 20
years
Libido reawakened as genital
organs mature
focus on relationships with
members of the opposite
gender.
Neurotic disorders.
30. ROLE OF THE PATIENT AND THE
PSYCHOANALYST
The client is an active participant, freely revealing all thoughts
and feelings exactly as they occurred and describing the dreams.
The psychoanalyst is a shadow person; he will not reveal any
personal issues in order to allow the transference process.
The analyst usually conducts the therapeutic session outside the
direct line of the vision of the client, so that non-verbal responses do
not influence the client’s verbalizations.
Verbal responses are brief, so that it will not interfere with
associative flow.
By termination of therapy the patient will be able to view the analyst
realistically as another adult having worked through his conflicts and
dependency needs.