This document provides a summary of key Excel functions including formatting cells, selecting cells, entering and editing data, wrapping text, deleting cells, saving and closing files, using absolute cell references, and using logical and lookup functions. It explains how to format cells using number, date, currency and other formats. It also describes how to navigate between cells using keyboard shortcuts and the name box, select single or multiple cells, enter and edit text and numbers, wrap text, delete cell contents, save and close a workbook. The document further explains absolute cell referencing and using logical functions like IF, AND, OR and NOT as well as lookup functions such as VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP.
1) The document provides instructions on getting started with Excel, including how to navigate worksheets, select and enter data, format cells, and use basic formulas. It covers functions like IF, AND, OR and NOT.
2) Formatting cells allows you to change how data is displayed, such as displaying numbers as currency or dates. You can also create custom formats. Absolute cell references lock the cell reference so it does not change when a formula is copied.
3) Names can be assigned to cells or ranges to make formulas and references more readable. The GOTO feature and names allow quickly navigating to cells. Names are also useful in formulas in place of cell references.
The document provides instructions on getting started with Excel including how to work with worksheets, format cells, select cells, enter and edit data, wrap text, delete cells, save files, and close Excel. It also discusses calculating data with advanced formulas including using names, absolute cell addressing, conditional and logical functions like IF, AND, OR, and NOT statements, and lookup functions like LOOKUP, HLOOKUP, VLOOKUP, and more. Key topics covered include formatting cells, selecting ranges, editing data, absolute vs relative references, logical tests and conditions, and looking up values.
This document provides an overview of how to perform common tasks in Microsoft Excel 2007, including:
1. Opening Excel, creating and saving workbooks, and identifying the main elements of a worksheet.
2. Entering and editing data, navigating cells, and selecting cells using the mouse and keyboard.
3. Applying formatting using predesigned styles, inserting formulas with the Sum button, and copying formulas.
4. Accessing help, printing workbooks, and closing and exiting Excel.
This document provides an overview of keyboard shortcuts for Microsoft Excel. It includes shortcuts for navigating worksheets, selecting cells, editing data, formatting cells, working with formulas and names, managing multiple worksheets and workbooks, and using various Excel features like PivotTables and dialog boxes. Some key shortcuts include using arrow keys to move between cells, Ctrl+c to copy and Ctrl+v to paste, F2 to edit active cells, and Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells dialog box.
This document provides an introduction to entering text, numbers, and formulas in Microsoft Excel. It discusses the Excel window and components such as the ribbon, worksheet, cells, and formula bar. It then demonstrates how to enter values into cells, perform basic math calculations with formulas using operators like addition and subtraction, and format text. The document aims to teach Excel basics to new users through step-by-step exercises on navigating the interface and performing essential tasks.
This document lists Excel shortcut keys for common tasks like editing cells, formatting text, inserting sheets and charts, navigating between sheets and windows, and formatting numbers. Some of the key shortcuts include F2 to edit cells, Ctrl+A to select all contents, Ctrl+Z to undo, Ctrl+Tab to switch between files, and Ctrl+arrow keys to move between sections of text.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts in Excel 2010 that use the Ctrl key in combination with other keys. There are over 30 shortcuts provided that allow users to perform common formatting, navigation, editing, and file operations with just a few key presses. Shortcuts include copying or pasting cells, applying number or date formats, switching between worksheet tabs, and saving or printing files.
This document provides an agenda and summaries for an MS Excel training on tips and tricks. The training covers topics like basic rules, navigation, data management, formatting, and printing. It includes summaries of how to select distant worksheets, quickly move to cell edges, create custom number formats, change multiple worksheets at once, and embed Microsoft Word documents. The document concludes by requesting feedback and announcing future training dates to review formulas.
1) The document provides instructions on getting started with Excel, including how to navigate worksheets, select and enter data, format cells, and use basic formulas. It covers functions like IF, AND, OR and NOT.
2) Formatting cells allows you to change how data is displayed, such as displaying numbers as currency or dates. You can also create custom formats. Absolute cell references lock the cell reference so it does not change when a formula is copied.
3) Names can be assigned to cells or ranges to make formulas and references more readable. The GOTO feature and names allow quickly navigating to cells. Names are also useful in formulas in place of cell references.
The document provides instructions on getting started with Excel including how to work with worksheets, format cells, select cells, enter and edit data, wrap text, delete cells, save files, and close Excel. It also discusses calculating data with advanced formulas including using names, absolute cell addressing, conditional and logical functions like IF, AND, OR, and NOT statements, and lookup functions like LOOKUP, HLOOKUP, VLOOKUP, and more. Key topics covered include formatting cells, selecting ranges, editing data, absolute vs relative references, logical tests and conditions, and looking up values.
This document provides an overview of how to perform common tasks in Microsoft Excel 2007, including:
1. Opening Excel, creating and saving workbooks, and identifying the main elements of a worksheet.
2. Entering and editing data, navigating cells, and selecting cells using the mouse and keyboard.
3. Applying formatting using predesigned styles, inserting formulas with the Sum button, and copying formulas.
4. Accessing help, printing workbooks, and closing and exiting Excel.
This document provides an overview of keyboard shortcuts for Microsoft Excel. It includes shortcuts for navigating worksheets, selecting cells, editing data, formatting cells, working with formulas and names, managing multiple worksheets and workbooks, and using various Excel features like PivotTables and dialog boxes. Some key shortcuts include using arrow keys to move between cells, Ctrl+c to copy and Ctrl+v to paste, F2 to edit active cells, and Ctrl+1 to open the Format Cells dialog box.
This document provides an introduction to entering text, numbers, and formulas in Microsoft Excel. It discusses the Excel window and components such as the ribbon, worksheet, cells, and formula bar. It then demonstrates how to enter values into cells, perform basic math calculations with formulas using operators like addition and subtraction, and format text. The document aims to teach Excel basics to new users through step-by-step exercises on navigating the interface and performing essential tasks.
This document lists Excel shortcut keys for common tasks like editing cells, formatting text, inserting sheets and charts, navigating between sheets and windows, and formatting numbers. Some of the key shortcuts include F2 to edit cells, Ctrl+A to select all contents, Ctrl+Z to undo, Ctrl+Tab to switch between files, and Ctrl+arrow keys to move between sections of text.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts in Excel 2010 that use the Ctrl key in combination with other keys. There are over 30 shortcuts provided that allow users to perform common formatting, navigation, editing, and file operations with just a few key presses. Shortcuts include copying or pasting cells, applying number or date formats, switching between worksheet tabs, and saving or printing files.
This document provides an agenda and summaries for an MS Excel training on tips and tricks. The training covers topics like basic rules, navigation, data management, formatting, and printing. It includes summaries of how to select distant worksheets, quickly move to cell edges, create custom number formats, change multiple worksheets at once, and embed Microsoft Word documents. The document concludes by requesting feedback and announcing future training dates to review formulas.
Excel can be used for calculations, data management, charts and graphs. It contains worksheets organized into rows and columns within a workbook. Each worksheet has cells located at the intersection of rows and columns that can be referenced by their address. Data is entered into cells and basic navigation uses keyboard shortcuts like tab, arrow keys, page up/down and Ctrl+home. Cells, rows and columns can be selected using the mouse or keyboard for editing.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts for common Excel functions including editing cells, formatting text, creating charts, navigating between sheets, inserting formulas and formatting numbers. Shortcuts allow for navigating sheets, selecting cells or ranges, copying and pasting, undoing actions, opening windows and dialog boxes, and changing formatting for text, cells and numbers.
The Quick Access toolbar provides quick access to commonly used commands like Save, Undo, and Redo. The title bar displays the active workbook name. The Ribbon contains tabs that display command groups and buttons to issue commands or access menus and dialog boxes. Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets containing rows and columns to enter data into cells referenced by their address like A1, E10. The formula bar displays the current cell address and contents. The status bar provides information about selected data. Arrows keys, page keys, and navigation features like the name box allow moving around the worksheet.
This document provides a tutorial on the basics of using Microsoft Excel. It introduces the Excel window and teaches how to navigate within worksheets by moving the cell cursor using arrow keys, page up/down, and other shortcuts. It covers entering text and numbers into cells, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and wrapping text. The tutorial also demonstrates how to save files and close Excel. The overall summary is:
This tutorial teaches the basics of navigating the Excel window and entering/formatting data within worksheets through a series of exercises. It covers moving around worksheets, entering text and numbers, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and other fundamental Excel functions before saving and closing the file.
This document provides tips and tricks for using various Excel functions and shortcuts. It covers the use of Ctrl, Alt, and function keys to activate commands. It discusses how to insert and read formulae, apply formatting, use search functions like Lookup, and analyze data through filters, sorting, pivot tables, graphs and other special functions. The tips are intended to help users work more efficiently in Excel.
This document provides instructions for using various features in Microsoft Excel 2010, including creating graphs and charts, selecting print areas, using formulas, freezing frames, configuring print titles, filtering and sorting data, and using pivot tables. It outlines 12 topics with step-by-step instructions for tasks like making column and pie charts, editing chart elements, setting print areas, exploring formula options, and building a pivot table to analyze sales data by employee, location, and number of sales.
This document provides instructions for performing basic computations in Excel. It explains that Excel evaluates formulas following an order of operations, from exponential to multiplication/division to addition/subtraction. It also outlines how to enter formulas in cells, use functions like SUM, auto-calculate ranges, use the AutoSum button, display and edit formulas, and select functions for calculations.
This document provides an overview of a Microsoft Excel 2010 training course. The course goals are to learn how to use the ribbon, File menu, and perform essential tasks like opening, creating, and formatting workbooks. It covers the Excel interface, ribbon tabs, available rows and columns, workbooks and worksheets. It also reviews functions, formulas, formatting cells, printing, saving, and other basic tasks. Resources for additional learning include books and Microsoft websites.
This document provides an overview of basic Microsoft Excel concepts and functions including parts of the Excel worksheet, entering and formatting data, performing calculations, copying and pasting data, inserting and deleting columns and rows, adding borders and formatting, merging and centering cells, adding background color, changing fonts, and creating charts. The document uses explanatory text and images and provides step-by-step instructions for how to perform each task in Excel.
This document provides 10 tips to help users work more efficiently in Excel. Tip 1 explains how to keep the active cell in place when pressing enter. Tip 2 says you don't need to capitalize function names. Tip 3 notes you don't need a closing parenthesis for single functions. The tips continue with suggestions like not using collapse buttons, right clicking for formatting options, using keyboard shortcuts for menus, and more ways to streamline common Excel tasks. It encourages visiting an online tutorial site for additional Excel tips.
This document provides a summary of keyboard shortcuts in Excel for various functions including editing cells, navigating sheets, formatting cells, inserting formulas, opening dialog boxes, and using the Visual Basic editor for macros. It includes shortcuts for common actions like saving, copying, pasting, undoing and redoing as well as shortcuts for navigating, selecting cells and ranges, and recalculating worksheets.
This document discusses various formatting and editing features in Microsoft Excel including:
1) Aligning and joining cells, changing text indentation.
2) Applying border styles and cell styles found on the Home tab.
3) Working with numbers by changing formats, adding/removing decimals, and changing number styles.
4) Using formulas starting with "=", the basic math operations, and filling formulas down a column.
5) Finding and replacing information, printing preview, and freezing panes to view portions of a large sheet.
This document provides shortcuts for navigating and performing common tasks in Excel 2010 for Windows. Some key shortcuts include:
- Arrow keys to move between cells, Page Up/Down to move between screens of cells
- Ctrl+Space to select an entire column, Shift+Space to select a row
- Ctrl+c, Ctrl+x, Ctrl+v for copy, cut, paste
- F2 to edit the active cell, Enter to complete a cell entry
- Ctrl+z, Ctrl+y for undo, redo
- Alt+= for autosum, Shift+F3 to insert a function
- F9 to calculate all worksheets, Shift+F9 for the active worksheet
- Ctrl+
This document provides step-by-step instructions for creating a worksheet and embedded chart in Microsoft Excel 2007. It describes how to start Excel, enter titles and data, use functions like SUM to calculate totals, format cells, save the workbook, and more. The objectives are to learn the basics of working with an Excel worksheet and creating a simple chart from the worksheet data.
This document provides instructions for common Microsoft Excel functions and formatting tools including:
1) How to insert, rename, move, copy, and delete worksheets.
2) How to format cells, columns, rows, and entire worksheets using formatting tools.
3) How to freeze panes so column and row headers remain visible when scrolling.
4) How to perform basic math formulas like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in Excel.
5) How to sort data and set print areas in a worksheet.
This document provides an overview of an Excel basics course. The course objectives are to analyze data, manage large amounts of data, perform calculations, format worksheets, create basic charts, and customize Excel. The course makes assumptions that students are just starting with Excel and wants to learn how to improve aspects of their lives with spreadsheets. It provides tips for getting the most from the class, such as asking questions and taking notes. The document then covers various Excel topics at a basic level, including cells, formatting, functions, sorting, filtering, and charting.
This document provides an introduction to Microsoft Excel and how to perform common tasks in Excel. It explains that Excel is a spreadsheet program where data is organized into columns and rows within a grid. It then outlines several reasons for using Excel, such as to analyze data, write formulas to perform calculations, pivot data, and present information visually in charts. The document proceeds to describe various methods for opening, creating, and saving Excel files. It also provides instructions for common formatting and editing tasks like naming and adding worksheets, adjusting cell sizes, entering data, working with formulas and functions, sorting and filtering data, and basic formatting options.
The document discusses various topics in Excel including:
- Formulas must begin with = and negative numbers use - or parentheses
- Earliest date is 1/1/1900 and date and time separators are / and :
- Keyboard shortcuts to format cells, selecting cells, and formatting options
- Creating and editing custom lists for autocomplete
- Using the spell checker and autocorrect features
- Formatting cells and using relative, absolute, and mixed cell references
- Referencing cells on other worksheets and workbooks
The document provides definitions for key terms related to control systems procurement and maintenance specifications. Some key terms defined include:
- Access Control List (ACL) - Enforces privilege separation by controlling access to objects based on user identity.
- Active Directory - Centralized directory service that allows administrators to apply policies and updates across an organization.
- AES - Advanced Encryption Standard adopted as the encryption standard used by the US government.
- Authentication - Process of verifying an identity, often involving passwords, tokens, or biometrics.
- Authorization - Permission granted to access system resources.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts and formulas commonly used in Microsoft Excel. It provides the key combination, description, and outcome of each shortcut and formula. Some shortcuts switch between worksheet tabs, insert or remove cell borders, or change a cell's formatting. Common formulas calculate dates and times from serial numbers, extract parts of dates, or return cell formatting properties. Functions like IF, AND, and IFERROR perform logical tests and return specified values depending on the test results.
The keyboard and mouse are common input devices for computers. The keyboard is the most widely used device and uses the QWERTY layout. While convenient, keyboards are prone to mistakes and overuse can cause injury. Mice are also popular as they allow users to control the screen but overuse can also lead to injury. Inkjet printers are cheaper and faster than laser printers but provide lower quality and smudged ink compared to laser printers.
This document discusses computer security risks and safeguards. It describes various types of cybercriminals like hackers, crackers, and corporate spies. It also outlines different internet and network attacks such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. Finally, it provides tips to prevent unauthorized access through techniques like installing antivirus software, updating definitions, and inoculating program files. The overall document aims to define computer security risks and describe methods to protect against internet attacks, unauthorized access, and information theft.
Excel can be used for calculations, data management, charts and graphs. It contains worksheets organized into rows and columns within a workbook. Each worksheet has cells located at the intersection of rows and columns that can be referenced by their address. Data is entered into cells and basic navigation uses keyboard shortcuts like tab, arrow keys, page up/down and Ctrl+home. Cells, rows and columns can be selected using the mouse or keyboard for editing.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts for common Excel functions including editing cells, formatting text, creating charts, navigating between sheets, inserting formulas and formatting numbers. Shortcuts allow for navigating sheets, selecting cells or ranges, copying and pasting, undoing actions, opening windows and dialog boxes, and changing formatting for text, cells and numbers.
The Quick Access toolbar provides quick access to commonly used commands like Save, Undo, and Redo. The title bar displays the active workbook name. The Ribbon contains tabs that display command groups and buttons to issue commands or access menus and dialog boxes. Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets containing rows and columns to enter data into cells referenced by their address like A1, E10. The formula bar displays the current cell address and contents. The status bar provides information about selected data. Arrows keys, page keys, and navigation features like the name box allow moving around the worksheet.
This document provides a tutorial on the basics of using Microsoft Excel. It introduces the Excel window and teaches how to navigate within worksheets by moving the cell cursor using arrow keys, page up/down, and other shortcuts. It covers entering text and numbers into cells, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and wrapping text. The tutorial also demonstrates how to save files and close Excel. The overall summary is:
This tutorial teaches the basics of navigating the Excel window and entering/formatting data within worksheets through a series of exercises. It covers moving around worksheets, entering text and numbers, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and other fundamental Excel functions before saving and closing the file.
This document provides tips and tricks for using various Excel functions and shortcuts. It covers the use of Ctrl, Alt, and function keys to activate commands. It discusses how to insert and read formulae, apply formatting, use search functions like Lookup, and analyze data through filters, sorting, pivot tables, graphs and other special functions. The tips are intended to help users work more efficiently in Excel.
This document provides instructions for using various features in Microsoft Excel 2010, including creating graphs and charts, selecting print areas, using formulas, freezing frames, configuring print titles, filtering and sorting data, and using pivot tables. It outlines 12 topics with step-by-step instructions for tasks like making column and pie charts, editing chart elements, setting print areas, exploring formula options, and building a pivot table to analyze sales data by employee, location, and number of sales.
This document provides instructions for performing basic computations in Excel. It explains that Excel evaluates formulas following an order of operations, from exponential to multiplication/division to addition/subtraction. It also outlines how to enter formulas in cells, use functions like SUM, auto-calculate ranges, use the AutoSum button, display and edit formulas, and select functions for calculations.
This document provides an overview of a Microsoft Excel 2010 training course. The course goals are to learn how to use the ribbon, File menu, and perform essential tasks like opening, creating, and formatting workbooks. It covers the Excel interface, ribbon tabs, available rows and columns, workbooks and worksheets. It also reviews functions, formulas, formatting cells, printing, saving, and other basic tasks. Resources for additional learning include books and Microsoft websites.
This document provides an overview of basic Microsoft Excel concepts and functions including parts of the Excel worksheet, entering and formatting data, performing calculations, copying and pasting data, inserting and deleting columns and rows, adding borders and formatting, merging and centering cells, adding background color, changing fonts, and creating charts. The document uses explanatory text and images and provides step-by-step instructions for how to perform each task in Excel.
This document provides 10 tips to help users work more efficiently in Excel. Tip 1 explains how to keep the active cell in place when pressing enter. Tip 2 says you don't need to capitalize function names. Tip 3 notes you don't need a closing parenthesis for single functions. The tips continue with suggestions like not using collapse buttons, right clicking for formatting options, using keyboard shortcuts for menus, and more ways to streamline common Excel tasks. It encourages visiting an online tutorial site for additional Excel tips.
This document provides a summary of keyboard shortcuts in Excel for various functions including editing cells, navigating sheets, formatting cells, inserting formulas, opening dialog boxes, and using the Visual Basic editor for macros. It includes shortcuts for common actions like saving, copying, pasting, undoing and redoing as well as shortcuts for navigating, selecting cells and ranges, and recalculating worksheets.
This document discusses various formatting and editing features in Microsoft Excel including:
1) Aligning and joining cells, changing text indentation.
2) Applying border styles and cell styles found on the Home tab.
3) Working with numbers by changing formats, adding/removing decimals, and changing number styles.
4) Using formulas starting with "=", the basic math operations, and filling formulas down a column.
5) Finding and replacing information, printing preview, and freezing panes to view portions of a large sheet.
This document provides shortcuts for navigating and performing common tasks in Excel 2010 for Windows. Some key shortcuts include:
- Arrow keys to move between cells, Page Up/Down to move between screens of cells
- Ctrl+Space to select an entire column, Shift+Space to select a row
- Ctrl+c, Ctrl+x, Ctrl+v for copy, cut, paste
- F2 to edit the active cell, Enter to complete a cell entry
- Ctrl+z, Ctrl+y for undo, redo
- Alt+= for autosum, Shift+F3 to insert a function
- F9 to calculate all worksheets, Shift+F9 for the active worksheet
- Ctrl+
This document provides step-by-step instructions for creating a worksheet and embedded chart in Microsoft Excel 2007. It describes how to start Excel, enter titles and data, use functions like SUM to calculate totals, format cells, save the workbook, and more. The objectives are to learn the basics of working with an Excel worksheet and creating a simple chart from the worksheet data.
This document provides instructions for common Microsoft Excel functions and formatting tools including:
1) How to insert, rename, move, copy, and delete worksheets.
2) How to format cells, columns, rows, and entire worksheets using formatting tools.
3) How to freeze panes so column and row headers remain visible when scrolling.
4) How to perform basic math formulas like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in Excel.
5) How to sort data and set print areas in a worksheet.
This document provides an overview of an Excel basics course. The course objectives are to analyze data, manage large amounts of data, perform calculations, format worksheets, create basic charts, and customize Excel. The course makes assumptions that students are just starting with Excel and wants to learn how to improve aspects of their lives with spreadsheets. It provides tips for getting the most from the class, such as asking questions and taking notes. The document then covers various Excel topics at a basic level, including cells, formatting, functions, sorting, filtering, and charting.
This document provides an introduction to Microsoft Excel and how to perform common tasks in Excel. It explains that Excel is a spreadsheet program where data is organized into columns and rows within a grid. It then outlines several reasons for using Excel, such as to analyze data, write formulas to perform calculations, pivot data, and present information visually in charts. The document proceeds to describe various methods for opening, creating, and saving Excel files. It also provides instructions for common formatting and editing tasks like naming and adding worksheets, adjusting cell sizes, entering data, working with formulas and functions, sorting and filtering data, and basic formatting options.
The document discusses various topics in Excel including:
- Formulas must begin with = and negative numbers use - or parentheses
- Earliest date is 1/1/1900 and date and time separators are / and :
- Keyboard shortcuts to format cells, selecting cells, and formatting options
- Creating and editing custom lists for autocomplete
- Using the spell checker and autocorrect features
- Formatting cells and using relative, absolute, and mixed cell references
- Referencing cells on other worksheets and workbooks
The document provides definitions for key terms related to control systems procurement and maintenance specifications. Some key terms defined include:
- Access Control List (ACL) - Enforces privilege separation by controlling access to objects based on user identity.
- Active Directory - Centralized directory service that allows administrators to apply policies and updates across an organization.
- AES - Advanced Encryption Standard adopted as the encryption standard used by the US government.
- Authentication - Process of verifying an identity, often involving passwords, tokens, or biometrics.
- Authorization - Permission granted to access system resources.
This document lists keyboard shortcuts and formulas commonly used in Microsoft Excel. It provides the key combination, description, and outcome of each shortcut and formula. Some shortcuts switch between worksheet tabs, insert or remove cell borders, or change a cell's formatting. Common formulas calculate dates and times from serial numbers, extract parts of dates, or return cell formatting properties. Functions like IF, AND, and IFERROR perform logical tests and return specified values depending on the test results.
The keyboard and mouse are common input devices for computers. The keyboard is the most widely used device and uses the QWERTY layout. While convenient, keyboards are prone to mistakes and overuse can cause injury. Mice are also popular as they allow users to control the screen but overuse can also lead to injury. Inkjet printers are cheaper and faster than laser printers but provide lower quality and smudged ink compared to laser printers.
This document discusses computer security risks and safeguards. It describes various types of cybercriminals like hackers, crackers, and corporate spies. It also outlines different internet and network attacks such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and denial of service attacks. Finally, it provides tips to prevent unauthorized access through techniques like installing antivirus software, updating definitions, and inoculating program files. The overall document aims to define computer security risks and describe methods to protect against internet attacks, unauthorized access, and information theft.
This chapter discusses computer security risks like viruses, worms and Trojan horses. It describes safeguards like antivirus software, firewalls and passwords. The chapter also covers ethics issues around information privacy, software piracy and computer use. Potential health issues from overuse like repetitive strain injuries are explained, along with ergonomic precautions and green computing practices.
This document discusses various topics relating to computer security, ethics, and privacy. It covers types of computer security risks like viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. It also discusses techniques for safeguarding against internet and network attacks, unauthorized access and use, hardware theft and vandalism, and software theft. Some key safeguarding techniques mentioned are using antivirus software, firewalls, strong passwords, access controls, and biometric authentication.
Security and control in Management Information SystemSatya P. Joshi
Security and control in Management Information System, software security, Security and control in Management Information System, malware, vulnerability, Security and control in Management Information System
Output devices convey information from computers to users. Common output devices include display devices like LCD monitors and screens, printers, and speakers. LCD screens are often used in mobile devices and produce images using active or passive matrix technology. Inkjet printers are non-impact printers that form images by spraying tiny ink drops. Photo printers can produce photo-quality images.
This document discusses computer security and cybercrime. It defines various types of cybercriminals like hackers and crackers. It also discusses different types of malware like viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. The document provides information on how to protect computers from malware through antivirus software and other security measures. It describes cybercrimes like denial of service attacks, spoofing, and information theft. The document also covers topics like encryption, digital certificates, and cyber ethics.
Computer Security and Safety, Ethics & PrivacySamudin Kassan
This document discusses computer security risks and techniques to protect against unauthorized access and use. It defines computer security risks and describes various types of cybercrime perpetrators. Various types of Internet and network attacks like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and rootkits are explained. Symptoms of an infected computer and safeguards against hardware theft, vandalism, and malicious infections are presented. Users can take precautions like using antivirus software, firewalls, and strong passwords to safeguard against attacks.
This document provides an overview of information security. It defines information and discusses its lifecycle and types. It then defines information security and its key components - people, processes, and technology. It discusses threats to information security and introduces ISO 27001, the international standard for information security management. The document outlines ISO 27001's history, features, PDCA process, domains, and some key control clauses around information security policy, organization of information security, asset management, and human resources security.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Microsoft Excel 2007. It discusses key Excel concepts like worksheets, rows, columns, and cells. It explains how to enter different types of data like labels, constants, and formulas. It also covers basic Excel functions and how to navigate within the Excel window and worksheets using tools like the ribbon, formula bar, and arrow keys. The document is intended to familiarize new Excel users with the basic layout and functionality of the spreadsheet software.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Microsoft Excel 2007. It discusses the basics of Excel including rows, columns, cells, and the three types of data - labels, constants, and formulas. It describes how to launch Excel and explains the key parts of the Excel window like the ribbon, worksheet, formula bar, and status bar. It includes exercises on how to move around the worksheet, select cells, enter and edit data, and change cell entries. It also covers how to wrap text in a cell when the text is too long.
Excel can be used to create spreadsheets, charts, and simple databases. It contains worksheets made up of rows and columns that intersect to form cells. Cells can contain labels, values, or formulas. Functions like SUM can perform calculations on ranges of cells. Conditional formatting can change cell appearances based on values. Data can be sorted, filtered, and organized into tables or charts for visualization.
This document provides tips and tricks for using Microsoft Excel. It includes shortcuts for copying, pasting, formatting cells, and other common tasks. It also provides instructions for functions like transposing data, increasing numbers by a set amount, forcing line breaks in cells, and using the format painter. The document is intended to help readers become more proficient with Excel.
This document provides a tutorial on the basics of Microsoft Excel. It introduces the Excel window and teaches how to navigate within worksheets by moving the cell cursor using arrow keys, page up/down, and other shortcuts. It covers entering text and numbers into cells, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and wrapping text. The tutorial also demonstrates how to save files and close Excel. The overall summary is:
This tutorial teaches the basics of navigating the Excel window and entering/formatting data within worksheets through a series of exercises. It covers moving around worksheets, entering text and numbers, selecting cell ranges, editing cell contents, and other fundamental Excel functions before saving and closing the file.
This document provides instructions on how to perform common tasks in Microsoft Excel such as opening and saving workbooks, navigating and selecting cells, entering different data types, manipulating cells and worksheets, adjusting row and column sizes, and basic data manipulation functions like copying, cutting, and pasting. Key steps and keyboard shortcuts are outlined for launching Excel, opening and saving files, selecting ranges, entering formulas and functions, inserting and deleting sheets, and more. The document is a reference guide for basic to intermediate Excel users.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Excel and its key functions and features:
- MS Excel is a spreadsheet program used to organize and analyze numerical data more efficiently using functions and formulas. It has a grid of rows and columns that allows data to be entered into cells.
- The Excel screen has various elements like the ribbon, worksheet, scrollbar, etc. that allow the user to navigate, enter, edit and format data across multiple spreadsheets or worksheets.
- Cells in a worksheet are identified by their column and row names. Adjacent and non-adjacent groups of cells can be selected or referred to.
- Data of various types can be entered into cells. Multiple cells can be filled
This document provides an overview of getting started with Excel and provides instructions on basic Excel functions. It covers topics such as formatting cells, selecting cells, entering and editing data, wrapping text, deleting cell entries, saving and closing a file. It also provides tutorials on absolute cell referencing, logical functions like IF, AND and OR statements, lookup functions such as VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP, and other useful functions. The document is intended to teach basic to intermediate Excel skills.
This document provides instructions and shortcuts for Microsoft Excel 2010. It covers a variety of topics including:
- CTRL keyboard shortcuts for common commands like copy, paste, save, print, etc.
- Conditional formatting to change cell colors based on values
- Using the function wizard to easily insert functions into cells
- Relative, absolute and mixed cell addressing
- Naming cells and ranges for easier reference in formulas
- Sorting and filtering lists of data by column values
This document provides an overview of skills covered in Chapter 1 of the book "Getting Started with Excel 2010". It introduces basic Excel concepts like worksheets, rows, columns and cells. It then covers skills like entering and editing data, formatting cells, using auto-fill and formulas. Other skills discussed include inserting and deleting cells, applying borders and shading, using cell styles and find/replace.
This document provides an overview of managing worksheets in Excel. It discusses how to create and manage workbooks and worksheets, enter and format cell data, and manipulate rows and columns. The document covers topics such as creating and renaming worksheets, adding and deleting sheets, navigating between sheets, moving and copying sheets, and saving workbooks. It also discusses selecting cells and ranges, copying and pasting data, commenting on cells, and deleting or replacing cell content.
Daniel Bricklin is considered the "Father of the Electronic Spreadsheet" for developing one of the first electronic spreadsheet programs. An electronic spreadsheet is a software that organizes data into rows and columns and allows users to perform calculations on that data. It provides an overview of financial information in a single format to help with decision making. Microsoft Excel is the dominant spreadsheet application, which organizes data into cells that intersect at rows and columns. It allows editing of text, numbers, and formulas and offers tools for formatting, calculations, charts, and more.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of Microsoft Excel including:
- Excel is a widely used spreadsheet program that allows users to store, organize, and analyze information using workbooks, worksheets, and cells.
- The document reviews Excel interfaces such as the ribbon, toolbars, and shortcuts to help navigate and perform tasks more efficiently.
- Common functions and features like formulas, formatting, filtering, sorting, conditional formatting, and protecting sheets are described to understand how to manipulate and present data.
- Best practices for working with dates, times, and functions are covered to help properly store, display, and calculate dates and times in Excel.
Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows users to create and format workbooks containing spreadsheets to analyze data. Users can track data, build models, write formulas, pivot data, and present it in charts. The ribbon interface organizes commands into tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review, and View. Users can enter and format data, insert items, adjust page setup, create formulas, sort/filter data, check spelling, and change views. Formatting options include borders, styles, fills, fonts, wrapping text, and number formats to enhance the professional appearance of spreadsheets.
Excel can be used to create and format workbooks containing spreadsheets in order to analyze data. The ribbon interface in Excel 2010 organizes commands into tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, and Data. Functions like sorting, filtering, and formulas can be used to analyze and modify worksheet data. Cells can be formatted, merged, borders added, and text wrapped to further enhance the appearance and readability of spreadsheets.
Excel can be used to create and format workbooks containing spreadsheets in order to analyze data. The ribbon interface in Excel 2010 organizes commands into tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, and Data. Functions like sorting, filtering, and formulas can be used to manipulate data. Cells and ranges can be formatted with borders, colors, number formats, and other styles to present data professionally in charts and tables.
Excel is useful for calculations, charts, and data analysis. It uses spreadsheets organized into rows and columns made up of cells. Cells can contain numbers for formulas to perform calculations. Formulas allow testing of "what if" scenarios. Excel can also create charts to visually represent results. Common functions include SUM, AVERAGE, and conditional formatting. Pivot tables and charts allow summarizing and visualizing data. Budget templates demonstrate setting up a monthly budget to track income, expenses, and the ending balance.
This document provides an overview and lessons for a Microsoft Excel 2003 training course on creating workbooks. It covers creating a new workbook, entering and editing data, and inserting and deleting columns and rows. The three lessons are: 1) Meet the Workbook, which introduces workbooks, worksheets, columns, rows and cells; 2) Enter Data, about entering numbers, text, dates and times using keyboard shortcuts; and 3) Edit Data and Revise Worksheets, covering editing data, removing formatting, and inserting columns and rows. Practice questions and answers are included to test the user's understanding.
This document contains lecture notes for a course on Microsoft Excel basics. The course is divided into 5 sections that cover entering and formatting text and numbers, formulas, functions, charts, and advanced formulas. Section 1 teaches how to navigate the Excel window and enter data. It describes the title bar, ribbon, worksheets, formula bar, and status bar. It provides exercises on entering numbers and text, selecting cells, formatting text, and saving files. Section 2 covers performing calculations with formulas, the order of operations, using AutoSum to add ranges, and aligning and formatting cell contents.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses security considerations for residential gateways (RGs) and customer premise equipment (CPE) with IPv6. It questions whether IPv6 security policies should be the same as IPv4 and considers using more advanced techniques like intrusion prevention systems and dynamic policy updates. The proposal is for an individual RFC documenting an "advanced IPv6 security" approach leveraging modern capabilities rather than a simpler policy that matches IPv4. This could provide better security while preserving end-to-end connectivity as threats emerge.
The document describes the new online professional accreditation system launched by the Saudi Council of Engineers (SCE) in 2011. It allows applicants to complete the registration process electronically without visiting SCE offices. Applicants fill an online form, receive a request number, and if accepted pay the registration fee to receive their accredited status. The summary provides an overview of the key steps and requirements for engineers to register professionally in Saudi Arabia through the new online system.
The document appears to be election results from various municipalities and panchayaths in Kerala showing the breakdown of seats won by various political parties. It lists the name of the municipality/panchayath, total number of wards or divisions, and the number of seats won by the Left Democratic Front (LDF), United Democratic Front (UDF), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and others. A large majority of the seats are won by LDF and UDF with BJP and others winning very few seats.
This document analyzes and compares security threats in IPv4 and IPv6 networks. It finds that while some threats are similar between the two protocols, IPv6 introduces new challenges and opportunities for attackers. Specifically, reconnaissance attacks are more difficult in IPv6 due to very large subnet sizes, but certain multicast addresses may allow attackers to more easily find key systems like routers. The document provides technical details on differences in reconnaissance techniques between IPv4 and IPv6, and outlines areas for further research. It aims to help network architects, security researchers, and policymakers secure emerging IPv6 deployments.
The document provides symbols that have been allotted by the Election Commission of India and the State Election Commission of Kerala to represent various national and state political parties. It lists 39 symbols such as an elephant, lotus, hand, chair, scales, boat, television, lion, conch, almirah, apple, bicycle and others that are used to identify different registered and unregistered political parties in elections.
The document provides instructions for transferring money to a bank account in India. It lists the account holder's name as Garakkalium L, the bank name as Federal Bank, the account number as 13294, and the branch location as Angadippuram. The summary also notes that the document contains contact information for the account holder.
The document outlines an agenda for a 3HOWs event discussing IPv6 and MPLS technology. The morning sessions will cover how to deal with IPv6, including why it is important now due to limited IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addressing details, and how to connect to IPv6. The afternoon will discuss how to connect with MPLS technology, the benefits it provides for interconnecting offices, and actual customer case studies. Questions from attendees will conclude the event.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
2. Know your Worksheet Formatting Cells In Excel Go To Cells Quickly Select Cells Enter Data Edit a Cell Wrap Text Delete a Cell Entry Save a File Close Excel
4. Add color to sheet tabs Conditional formatting Move or copy sheets
5. Uncheck to hide gridlines Show or hide gridlines on a worksheet Change the color of gridlines
6. Formatting Cells in Excel When you enter data into a cell in Excel, it is handled differently depending on what type of formatting you have assigned to the cell. For example, if you choose Currency formatting, Excel will automatically convert 3 into $3.00; if you choose Date formatting, Excel would convert 3/1 to March 1, 2009; and if you choose Percent formatting, Excel would change 0.3 to 30%. All of these choices are available when you highlight/select the cell(s) you want to format, then go to the Format menu and choose Cells , then click on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box. There is also a choice named Special and when you choose that, you can select formats like Social Security Number, Phone Number, etc. But, what if you want a format that is not included in Excel's pre-made formats? Well, you can make your own custom format, following the directions below. Type the number 123456789 in an empty cell and hit Enter . Now click back onto that cell and go to the Format Menu and select Cells . Click on the Number tab and select Custom from the list. In the box on the left, see all the different custom formats Excel offers. There are formats in here for most of the styles you would get if you chose one of the options for any of the choices in the list on the left. For example, in the list on the right, there is a custom format that is simply an @ symbol. If you choose this, it simply formats your cell as text . I recommend you look through the list and try some of them and see how they affect the number 123456789 that you have typed in your cell. Since there are so many, I can't possibly go through all of them with you. But, what I do want to do is teach you how to make some of your own.
7. Go To Cells Quickly The following are shortcuts for moving quickly from one cell in a worksheet to a cell in a different part of the worksheet. EXERCISE 2 Go to -- F5 The F5 function key is the "Go To" key. If you press the F5 key, you are prompted for the cell to which you wish to go. Enter the cell address, and the cursor jumps to that cell. Press F5. The Go To dialog box opens. Type J3 in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell J3. Go to -- Ctrl+G You can also use Ctrl+G to go to a specific cell. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press "g" (Ctrl+g). The Go To dialog box opens. Type C4 in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell C4. The Name Box You can also use the Name box to go to a specific cell. Just type the cell you want to go to in the Name box and then press Enter. Type B10 in the Name box. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell B10.
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10. Edit a Cell After you enter data into a cell, you can edit the data by pressing F2 while you are in the cell you wish to edit. EXERCISE 5 Edit a Cell Change "John" to "Jones." Move to cell A1. Press F2. Use the Backspace key to delete the "n" and the "h." Type nes . Press Enter. Alternate Method: Editing a Cell by Using the Formula Bar You can also edit the cell by using the Formula bar. You change "Jones" to "Joker" in the following exercise. 1. Move the cursor to cell A1. 2. Click in the formula area of the Formula bar. 3. Use the backspace key to erase the "s," "e," and "n." 4. Type ker . 5. Press Enter.
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12. Delete a Cell Entry To delete an entry in a cell or a group of cells, you place the cursor in the cell or select the group of cells and press Delete. EXERCISE 7 Delete a Cell Entry Select cells A1 to A2. Press the Delete key. Save a File This is the end of Lesson1. To save your file: Click the Office button. A menu appears. Click Save. The Save As dialog box appears. Go to the directory in which you want to save your file. Type Lesson1 in the File Name field. Click Save. Excel saves your file. Close Excel Close Microsoft Excel. Click the Office button. A menu appears. Click Close. Excel closes.
14. NAMES When entering formulae or referring to any area on the spreadsheet, it is usual to refer to a "range". For example, B6 is a range reference; B6:B10 is also a range reference. Defining Names There are a number of ways to set up names on a spreadsheet. A common way is to use the Insert, Name, Define menu. In the example, there is a range of sales figures that could be named “ 1st_Qtr ”; Selection of cells for naming
15. To name range: i. Select the cells you wish to name. ii. Click the DEFINE NAME button in the NAMES GROUP in the insert tab iii. The DEFINE NAME dialog box appears iv. To name the cells, simply type a name in the Name box and choose OK . To manage names: The Define Name Dialog box also lets you manage the range names you can add delete or modify the existing range name in the same dialog box.
16. Go To The GOTO feature can be used to go to a specific cell address on the spreadsheet. It can also be used in conjunction with names. i. Press [F5] . The following dialog box appears; ii. Click on the name required, then choose OK . Using Names Not only does the cell pointer move to the correct range, but it also selects it. This can be very useful for checking that ranges have been defined correctly, and also for listing all the names on the spreadsheet.
17. Names In Formulae Names can be used in any simple formula, as well as any of Excel's built in functions. Instead of typing cell references or selecting cells, simply type the name or paste the name into the formula.
18. Excel Functions CONDITIONAL & LOGICAL FUNCTIONS If Statements Logical Test Value If True / False Nested If AND, OR, NOT And Or Not LOOKUP FUNCTIONS Lookup Hlookup Vlookup OTHER USEFUL FUNCTIONS ISERROR TRIM IFERROR NOW COUNTIF RIGHT AVERAGEIF LEFT SUMIF Find & Replace CONCATENATE
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20. CONDITIONAL & LOGICAL FUNCTIONS Excel has a number of logical functions which allow you to set various "conditions" and have data respond to them. For example, you may only want a certain calculation performed or piece of text displayed if certain conditions are met. The functions used to produce this type of analysis are found in the Insert, Function menu, under the heading LOGICAL.
21. If Statements The IF function is used to analyze data, test whether or not it meets certain conditions and then act upon its decision. the IF statement is accompanied by three arguments enclosed in one set of parentheses; the condition to be met (logical_test); the action to be performed if that condition is true (value_if_true); the action to be performed if false (value_if_false). Each of these is separated by a comma, as shown; =IF ( logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) Logical Test This part of the IF statement is the "condition", or test. You may want to test to see if a cell is a certain value, or to compare two cells. In these cases, symbols called LOGICAL OPERATORS are useful; > Greater than < Less than > = Greater than or equal to < = Less than or equal to = Equal to < > Not equal to
22. Nested If When you need to have more than one condition and more than two possible outcomes, a NESTED IF is required. This is based on the same principle as a normal IF statement, but involves "nesting" a secondary formula inside the main one. The secondary IF forms the FALSE part of the main statement, as follows; =IF(1st logic test , 1st true value , IF(2nd logic test , 2nd true value , false value)) Only if both logic tests are found to be false will the false value be returned. Notice that there are two sets of parentheses, as there are two separate IF statements. This process can be enlarged to include more conditions and more eventualities ‐ up to seven IF's can be nested within the main statement. However, care must be taken to ensure that the correct number of parentheses are added. In the example, sales staff could now receive one of three possible ratings; =IF(B2>1000,"GOOD",IF(B2<600,"POOR","AVERAGE")) To make the above IF statement more flexible, the logical tests could be amended to measure sales against cell references instead of figures. In the example, column E has been used to hold the upper and lower sales thresholds. =IF(B2>$E$2,"GOOD",IF(B2<$E$3,"POOR","AVERAGE")) (If the IF statement is to be copied later, this cell reference should be absolute).
23. Rather than create large and unwieldy formulae involving multiple IF statements, the AND, OR and NOT functions can be used to group logical tests or "conditions" together. These three functions can be used on their own, but in that case they will only return the values "TRUE" or "FALSE". As these two values are not particularly meaningful on a spreadsheet, it is much more useful to combine the AND, OR and NOT functions within an IF statement. This way, you can ask for calculations to be performed or other text messages to appear as a result. AND, OR, NOT
24. And This function is a logical test to see if all conditions are true. If this is the case, the value "TRUE" is returned. If any of the arguments in the AND statement are found to be false, the whole statement produces the value "FALSE". This function is particularly useful as a check to make sure that all conditions you set are met. Arguments are entered in the AND statement in parentheses, separated by commas, and there is a maximum of 30 arguments to one AND statement. The following example checks that two cells, B1 and B2, are both greater than 100. =AND(B1>100,B2>100) If either one of these two cells contains a value less than a hundred, the result of the AND statement is "FALSE.” This can now be wrapped inside an IF function to produce a more meaningful result. You may want to add the two figures together if they are over 100, or display a message indicating that they are not high enough. =IF(AND(B1>100,B2>100),B1+B2,"Figures not high enough")
25. Or This function is a logical test to see if one or more conditions are true. If this is the case, the value "TRUE" is returned. If just one of the arguments in the OR statement is found to be true, the whole statement produces the value "TRUE". Only when all arguments are false will the value "FALSE" be returned. This function is particularly useful as a check to make sure that at least one of the conditions you set is met. =IF(OR(B1>100,B2>100),"at least one is OK","Figures not high enough") In the above formula, only one of the numbers in cells B1 and B2 has to be over 100 in order for them to be added together. The message only appears if neither figure is high enough.
26. Not NOT checks to see if the argument is false. If so, the value "TRUE" is returned. It is best to use NOT as "provided this is not the case" function. In other words, so long as the argument is false, the overall statement is true. In the example, the cell contents of B1 are returned unless the number 13 is encountered. If B1 is found to contain 13, the message "Unlucky!" is displayed; =IF(NOT(B1=13),B1,"Unlucky!") The NOT function can only contain one argument. If it is necessary to check that more than one argument is false, the OR function should be used and the true and false values of the IF statement reversed. Suppose, for example, a check is done against the numbers 13 and 666; =IF(OR(B1=13,B1=666),"Unlucky!",B1)
27. LOOKUP FUNCTIONS These functions allow you to create formulae which examine large amounts of data and find information which matches or approximates to certain conditions. They are simpler to construct than nested IF’s and can produce many more varied results.
28. Lookup The syntax for LOOKUP is as follows; =LOOKUP( lookup_value , lookup_vector , result_vector ) number or text entry to look for area in which to search for the lookup_value adjacent row or column where the corresponding value or text is to be found It is essential that data in the lookup vector is placed in ascending order, i.e. numbers from lowest to highest, text from A to Z. If this is not done, the LOOKUP function may return the wrong result.
29. In the diagram, column D contains varying salaries, against which there is a company car in column E which corresponds to each salary. For example, a £20030 salary gets a Golf, a £35000 salary gets a Scorpio. A LOOKUP formula can be used to return whatever car is appropriate to a salary figure that is entered. In this case, the lookup_value is the cell where the salary is entered (B13), the lookup_vector is the salary column (D3:D11), and the result_vector is the car column (E3:E11). Hence the formula; =LOOKUP(B13,D3:D11,E3:E11) Typing 40000 in cell B13 will set the lookup_value. LOOKUP will search through the lookup_vector to find the matching salary, and return the appropriate car from the result_vector, which in this case is Mercedes. Alternatively, the formula could be simplified and cell references avoided by using Formula, Define Name to give appropriate range names. Call B13 Salary, D3:D11 Salaries and E3:E11 Cars. The LOOKUP formula could then be simplified to; =LOOKUP(Salary,Salaries,Cars) One of the advantages of the LOOKUP function is that if the exact lookup_value is not found, it will approximate to the nearest figure below the requested value. For instance, if a user enters a Salary of 23000, there is no figure in the Salaries range which matches this. However, the nearest salary below 23000 is 20030, so the corresponding car is returned, which is a Golf. This technique is very useful when the lookup_vector indicates grades or "bands.” In this case, anyone in the salary "band" between 20030 and 25000 gets a Golf. Only when their salary meets or exceeds 25000 do they get a Sierra. There may be occasions where the lookup_value is below the lowest value in the vector. In this case the #N/A message is displayed.
30. Hlookup The horizontal LOOKUP function (HLOOKUP) can be used not just on a "vector" (single column or row of data), but on an "array" (multiple rows and columns). The syntax for HLOOKUP is; =HLOOKUP( lookup_value , table_array , row_index_number) number or text entry to look for cell references (or range name) of the entire table of data; row from which the result is required as HLOOKUP searches horizontally (i.e. across the array), data in the first row must be in ascending order, i.e. numbers from lowest to highest, text from A to Z. As with LOOKUP, if this rule is ignored, HLOOKUP will return the wrong value.
31. Whatever the amount a customer wants to borrow, he may pay up to five different rates of interest depending on whether the loan is over 10, 15 or more years. The HLOOKUP function will find a specific amount, then move down the array to find the appropriate interest rate for the required time period. Designate cell A51 as the cell to hold the amount, i.e. the lookup_value; cells C43:H48 are the table_array; the row_index_number will be 2 if a customer wants the loan over 10 years, 3 if he wants the loan over 15 years, and so on. Cell B51 holds this formula; =HLOOKUP(A51,C43:H48,3) The above formula looks along the top row of the array for the value in cell A51 (30000). It then moves down to row 3 and returns the value 15.00%, which is the correct interest rate for a £30000 loan over 15 years. (Range names could be used here to simplify the formula). As with the LOOKUP function, the advantage of HLOOOKUP is that it does not necessarily have to find the exact lookup_value. If, for example, you wanted to find out what interest rate is applicable to a £28000 loan, the figure 28000 can be entered in the lookup_value cell (A51) and the rate 14.30% appears. As before, Excel has looked for the value in the array closest to, but lower than, the lookup_value.
32. Vlookup The VLOOKUP function works on the same principle as HLOOKUP, but instead of searching horizontally, VLOOKUP searches vertically. The syntax for the VLOOKUP function follows the same pattern as HLOOKUP, except that instead of specifying a row index number, you would specify a column index number to instruct VLOOKUP to move across to a specific column in the array where the required value is to be found. =VLOOKUP( lookup_value , table_array , col_index_number ) In the case of VLOOKUP, data in the first column of the array should be in ascending order, as VLOOKUP searches down this column for the lookup_value. In the same spreadsheet as before, a VLOOKUP formula could be used to search for a specific time period, then return the appropriate rate for a fixed amount. In the following example, a time period is entered in cell A54 and in B54 the VLOOKUP formula is contained; Cell B54 holds this formula; =VLOOKUP(A54,C43:H48,5)
33. The cell A54 is the lookup_value (time period), the table_array is as before, and for this example rates are looked up for a loan of £40000, hence the column_index_number 5. By changing the value of cell A54, the appropriate rate for that time period is returned. Where the specific lookup_value is not found, VLOOKUP works in the same way as HLOOKUP. In other words, the nearest value in the array that is less than the lookup_value will be returned. So, a £40000 loan over 17 years would return an interest rate of 16.00%.
35. ISERROR ISERROR is a very useful function that tells you if the formula you look at with it gives any error value. Iserror (Value) Value refers to any error value (#N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!, #DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, or #NULL!) To use ISERROR function In the example below the average functions in the column G is trying to divide empty cells and giving the error message #DIV/0! The error function checking that cell gives the value true there is an error this could be nested in an IF function with an AVERAGE function so that the error message does not show in column G
36. IFERROR IFERROR(Value, value_if_error) A common request in the area of functions is something to simplify error checking. E.G. If a user wants to catch errors in a VLOOKUP and use their own error text opposed to Excel’s error, they have to do something like this using the IF and ISERROR functions: =IF(ISERROR(VLOOKUP("Dave", SalesTable, 3, FALSE)), " Value not found", VLOOKUP("Dave", SalesTable, 3, FALSE)) As you can see, users need to repeat the VLOOKUP formula twice. This has a number of problems. FIRST , it is hard to read and hard to maintain – if you want to change a formula, you have to do it twice. SECOND , it can affect performance, because formulas are quite often run twice. The IFERROR function solves these problems, enabling customers to easily trap and handle formula errors. Here is an example of how a user could use it in the same situation: =IFERROR(VLOOKUP(“Bob”, SalesTable, 3, false), “Value not found”)
37. COUNTIF COUNTIF counts the number of cells in a range based on given criteria. COUNTIF(range,criteria) RANGE is one or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. Blank and text values are ignored. CRITERIA is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that defines which cells will be counted. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples", or B4.
38. AVERAGEIF A very common request is for a single function to conditionally average a range of numbers – a complement to SUMIF and COUNTIF . AVERAGEIF , allows users to easily average a range based on a specific criteria. AVERAGEIF(Range, Criteria, [Average Range]) RANGE is one or more cells to average, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers. CRITERIA is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that defines which cells are averaged. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples", or B4. AVERAGE range is the actual set of cells to average. If omitted, RANGE is used. Here is an example that returns the average of B2:B5 where the corresponding value in column A is greater than 250,000 : =AVERAGEIF(A2:A5, “>250000”, B2:B5)
39. Sumif the SumIf function adds all numbers in a range of cells, based on a given criteria. The syntax for the SumIf function is: SumIf( range, criteria, sum_range ) range is the range of cells that you want to apply the criteria against. criteria is used to determine which cells to add. sum_range are the cells to sum. Based on the given example =SumIf(A2:A6, D2, C2:C6) would return 218.6 =SumIf(A:A, D2, C:C) would return 218.6 =SumIf(A2:A6, 2003, C2:C6) would return 7.2 =SumIf(A2:A6, ">=2001", C2:C6) would return 12.6
40. Concatenate the Concatenate function allows you to join 2 or more strings together. The syntax for the Concatenate function is: Concatenate( text1, text2, ... text_n ) There can be up to 30 strings that are joined together. Based on the given example =Concatenate(A1, A2) would return "Alphabet" = Concatenate (A2,” “ ,”ter”) would return “bet ter” =Concatenate(A1, "bet soup") would return "Alphabet soup"
41. Trim Function the Trim function returns a text value with the leading and trailing spaces removed. The syntax for the Trim function is: =Trim( text ) text is the text value to remove the leading and trailing spaces from. Now Function the Now function returns the current system date and time. The syntax for the Now function is: =Now() Based on the given example =Trim(A1) would return "Tech on the Net" =Trim(A2) would return "1234" =Trim(A3) would return "alphabet soup" =Trim(" apples ") would return "apples"
42. Right Function the Right function extracts a substring from a string starting from the right-most character. The syntax for the Right function is: =Right( text, number_of_characters ) text is the string that you wish to extract from. number_of_characters indicates the number of characters that you wish to extract starting from the right-most character. Based on the given example Left Function =Right(A1, 4) would return "soup" =Right(A2, 6) would return "thenet" =Right ("Excel", 3) would return "cel"
44. Data Presentation • Create embedded charts • Create separate page charts • Change chart types and formats • Add and remove chart data • Add trend lines to charts • Create picture charts One of the most impressive aspects of Excel is its charting ability. There are endless variations available, allowing you to produce a chart, edit and format it, include notes, arrows, titles and various other extras as desired. We will learn to :-
45. Terminology As a starting point, there are some terms used in charting which should be understood by you. The terms defined below relate to the example car sales worksheet and column chart which appear beneath the table: Data Point : An individual figure on the spreadsheet which is reflected in the chart e.g. Fred's Orion sales figure Data Series : A collection of related data points, e.g. all of Fred's figures, which will appear on a chart as markers (bars, for example) of the same colour. Legend: The "key" to the chart, identifying which patterns/colours relate to which data series Marker A bar, column, or slice of pie for example, representing a data point. Category: The category axis appears across the bottom of a graph (pie charts excepted) and the categories are listed here. Points within the different data series are grouped by category
46. Embedded Charts An embedded chart appears on the worksheet where it was created. It is an embedded object, which does not normally appear in its own window, and has no separate existence apart from the worksheet. All charts whether embedded or separate are created from the INSERT ribbon in the CHARTS group.
47. Separate Chart Pages A chart sheet, although linked to the worksheet whose figures it represents, exists as a separate page in a workbook. The F11 key is very useful for creating a default chart from selected data as a new sheet within the workbook Some Chart Elements area where you can specify the titles to have on the chart Here you specify whether you want a Y/Z axis and whether you are using timescales to plot your data The gridline ribbon allows you to switch on and off horizontal and vertical gridlines Use this ribbon to switch the legend on and off or reposition it The Data Labels ribbon allows you to display the amount each point represents or display the label The Data Table ribbon will display a grid underneath the chart that will show the information that is being plotted.
48. Methods To Create Charts To create a chart Mouse i. Select data for chart. ii. Go to the CHARTS group on the INSERT ribbon. Select a chart type and click iii. The menu on the left appears. iv. Hovering your mouse over a chart type will bring up an explanation of that chart type v. When you have chosen click once to select a chart type vi. The chart is now created based on the selected data as an embedded chart. OR Keyboard i. Select Data for chart ii. Press the F11 Key iii. Default chart will created as chart on a separate sheet.
49. Chart Types There are several different types of chart available within Excel. The type to choose will vary depending on the data involved and what information the chart is intended to convey or highlight. Area Area charts can be 2 or 3dimensional. They are used to compare the change in volume of a data series over time, emphasising the amount of change rather than the rate of change. Bar Bar charts can be 2 or 3Dimensional. They are used to show individual figures at a specific time or to compare different items. Column Column charts can be 2 or 3‐Dimensional. They are frequently used to show variation of different items over a period of time. Line Line charts can be 2 or 3‐Dimensional. Line charts are used to compare trends over time. Pie Pie charts can be 2 or 3Dimensional. They are used to compare the size of the parts with the whole. Only one data series can be plotted, making up 100%.
50. Radar Each category in a radar chart has its own axis radiating from the centre point. Data points are plotted along each spoke, and data points belonging to the same series are connected by lines. Xy Scatter Charts XY charts are used to compare two different numeric data series, and can be useful in determining whether one set of figures might be dependent on the other. They are also useful if the data on the X axis represents uneven intervals of time or increments of measurement. 3D Surface 3‐D Surface charts present information in an almost topographical layout. They can be used to pinpoint the high and low points resulting from two changing variables. It can be helpful to think of a 3D surface chart as a 3D Column chart which has had a rubber sheet stretched over the tops of the columns.
51. Formatting Chart There are several different ways of formatting the various elements in a chart. Some formats, such as adding a legend can be applied to a chart using the following sections To change the background of the chart To change the type of chart To change the data point Add or delete title,axes,legend,labelsand data table To make it embedded or separate chart type
53. PIVOT TABLES To Create A PivotChart Report From An Existing PivotTable Report Delete A PivotTable Or PivotChart Report Create Layout For PivotTables Modifying A PivotTable MANAGING PIVOT TABLES Automatically Refresh Data When A Workbook Is Opened Automatically Refresh Data At Regular Time Intervals Formatting A PivotTable
54. PIVOTTABLES A PivotTable can summarize large amounts of data using specified calculations and formats. It is called a PivotTable because the headings can be rotated around the data to view or summarize it in different ways. A simple Pivot Table
55. Click Ok, then click Finish. You now have a Pivot Table that summarizes your data.
56. Automatically Refresh Data When A Workbook Is Opened You can refresh an external data range automatically when you open the workbook, and optionally save the workbook without saving the external data, so that the workbook file size is reduced.
57. Formatting A PivotTable you often want to enhance the layout and format of the report to improve readability and to make it more attractive. There are a number of ways to change the layout and format of a PivotTable report as described in the following sections. You can manually format a cell or cell range in PivotTable report by right clicking the cell or cell range, by clicking FORMAT CELLS , and by using the FORMAT CELLS dialog box. Pivot Chart You can represent the pivot table in chart form by simply clicking on pivot chart option that come after you right click on pivot table
59. INSERTING, FORMATTING AND DELETING OBJECTS Inserting A Drawing Object Smart Art WordArt Formatting Shapes REVIEWING Protecting Use A Shared Workbook To Collaborate Share A Workbook
60. Inserting A Drawing Object Inserting pictures, text boxes, callouts, scanned images etc onto a worksheet can greatly enhance your overall spreadsheet appearance. a brief rundown of some items you may insert and how to deal with them To insert a shape onto worksheet
61. SmartArt A SmartArt graphic is a visual representation of your information and ideas. You can create SmartArt graphics by choosing from among many different layouts to quickly, easily and effectively communicate your message. When you create a SmartArt graphic, you are prompted to choose a type such as PROCESS, HIERARCHY, CYCLE, or RELATIONSHIP . A type is similar to a category of SmartArt graphic, and each type contains several different layouts. On the INSERT ribbon in the ILLUSTRATIONS group, click on the drop down arrow to the right of SMARTART the SMARTART dialog above will appear
62. WordArt WordArt is a gallery of text styles that you can add to your 2007 Microsoft Office system documents to create decorative effects, such as shadowed or mirrored (reflected) text. You can change WordArt text, as you can change any other text in a shape. On the INSERT ribbon, in the TEXT group, click WORDART , and then click the WordArt style that you want. Enter your text.# A WordArt graphic can be resized, rotated, deleted and moved like any other shape. Excel Formatting Shapes Any shape inserted on the spreadsheet, when selected, causes a new ribbon to appear called the FORMAT ribbon seen below, it offers the options of inserting further shapes
63. REVIEWING Protecting When sending your work to someone else to check, make corrections or comments it is necessary to track the changes that others may make to your work to see what changes they have made as they review your work. You may also want to restrict what they are allowed to do to your work so they do not inadvertently damage formulae and functions that make the workbook produce valid figures. For these reasons we may have to protect the workbook in various ways. To protect a workbook Protecting a workbook ensures individuals cannot, insert, delete, move or otherwise tamper with the sheets in your work book. Hidden sheets will not be able to be unhidden if valuable tables or data is stored on them. Click on PROTECT WORKBOOK in the Tools group Select PROTECT STRUCTURE AND WINDOWS above dialog will appear. For security (not essential) enter a password and click on ok. Workbook structure is now protected.
64. Protect worksheet data i. Select all cells you would like individuals to be allowed to change. ii. On the Format ribbon, in the CELLS group, click FORMAT , and then click FORMAT CELLS . iii. Click on the protection tab iv. Untick LOCK CELLS . v. Click on PROTECT WORKSHEET in the Protection group on the Tools ribbon. vi. Tick what you wish users to be allowed to do in the locked cells. vii. Enter a password if you wish viii. Click on OK. ix. Sheet is now protected any cell that was locked is now uneditable by anyone.
65. To protect for tracked changes Click on TRACK CHANGES and then HIGHLIGHT CHANGES in the CHANGES group on the REVIEW ribbon The HIGHLIGHT CHANGES dialog will appear. Tick the TRACK CHANGES WHILE EDITING option Click on OK . Any changes made to the workbook by anyone now will leave a mark in the cell to show it has been changed by who, when and what the change is. To Accept/reject changes When changes have been made to your workbook you may wish to check those changes and see what has been altered. You may not be happy with some of the changes and wish to reject them for what was previously within a cell.
66. i. Click on TRACK CHANGES and then ACCEPT/REJECT CHANGES in the CHANGES group on the REVIEW ribbon. ii. The SELECT CHANGES TO ACCEPT OR REJECT dialog will appear. iii. Click OK. The ACCEPT OR REJECT CHANGES dialog will appear iv. As you accept or reject each change the dialog will automatically move on to the next change. When you have finished click close to close the dialog and finish reviewing.
67. Use A Shared Workbook To Collaborate You can create a shared workbook and place it on a network location where several people can edit the contents simultaneously. For example, if the people in your work group each handle several projects and need to know the status of each other's projects, the group can use a shared workbook to track the status of the projects. All persons involved can then enter the information for their projects in the same workbook. As the owner of the shared workbook, you can manage it by removing users from the shared workbook and resolving conflicting changes. When all changes have been incorporated, you can stop sharing the workbook. Share A Workbook Not all features are supported in a shared workbook. If you want to include any of the following features, you should add them before you save the workbook as a shared workbook: merged conditional formats data validation, charts, pictures, objects including drawing objects, hyperlinks scenarios, outlines subtotals, data tables PivotTable reports workbook and worksheet protection, and macros. You cannot make changes to these features after you share the workbook.
68. To share a workbook To Edit a shared workbook After you open a shared workbook, you can enter and change data as you do in a regular workbook
70. Resolve conflicting changes in a shared workbook A conflict happens when two users are both editing the same shared workbook and try to save changes that affect the same cell. Excel can keep only one of the changes in that cell. When the second user saves the workbook, Excel displays the RESOLVE CONFLICTS dialog box. i. In the RESOLVE CONFLICTS dialog box, read the information about each change and the conflicting changes made by the other user. ii. To keep your change or the other person's change and to advance to the next conflicting change, click ACCEPT MINE or ACCEPT OTHER . To keep all of your remaining changes or all of the other user's changes, click ACCEPT ALL MINE or ACCEPT ALL OTHERS . To override resolve conflicts dialog To have your changes override all other changes without displaying the RESOLVE CONFLICTS dialog box again,: click SHARE WORKBOOK . On the ADVANCED tab, under CONFLICTING CHANGES BETWEEN USERS , click THE CHANGES BEING SAVED WIN , and then click OK . To Stop sharing a workbook Before you stop sharing the workbook, make sure that all other users have completed their work. Any unsaved changes will be lost. Because the change history will also be deleted, you may want to start by printing the History worksheet or by copying it to another workbook.
72. Shortcut Description Ctrl O Open a spreadsheet. Ctrl S Save a spreadsheet. Ctrl N Create a new blank spreadsheet. Ctrl X Cut Ctrl C Copy Ctrl V Paste Ctrl P Print F2 Enter edit mode for a cell. F4 Change formula references between absolute, relative and mixed references. E.g. Absolute - $A$1, Relative A1, Mixed $A1 or A$1. Ctrl Enter Fill several cells with what you type. Ctrl ; Insert the current date. Ctrl Shift ; Insert the current time.
73. Editing a cell’s contents Select the cell you want to edit and then click in the Excel formula bar. Double click the cell you want to edit. Select the cell you want to edit and press F2. Format Painter The format painter can be used to copy formatting from one part of your spreadsheet to another. To copy formatting once – click in the cell that has the formatting you want to copy. Click the format painter icon. Drag over the cells you want to format. To copy formatting more than once - click in the cell that has the formatting you want to copy. Double-click the format painter icon. Drag over the first cells you want to format. Drag over all the other cells you want to format. Click the format painter icon to turn it off. Rules for formulas Start with a “ = ” sign. Order of operations: Brackets. ( ) Exponentials. ^ (E.g. 2^4 the same as 24) * / Multiplication & Division. + - Addition & Subtraction.
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75. Thank You "I NEVER TEACH MY PUPILS. I ONLY ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THEY CAN LEARN"