The document discusses various concepts in ethics including act consequentialism, rule consequentialism, psychological egoism, ethical egoism, and the works of philosophers such as Bentham, Mill, Rawls, and Rand. It defines key terms and ideas and provides examples to illustrate different ethical theories.

1. The hedonic scale values actions on how much
they create of these two states.

2. The hedonic scale values actions on how much
they create of these two states.
Pleasure & Pain
Act Consequentialism

3. This philosopher who gives us a purely
quantitative hedonic utilitarianism.

4. This philosopher who gives us a purely
quantitative hedonic utilitarianism.
Bentham
Act Consequentialism

5. This philosopher said that it is better to be
Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied; better
to be a man unhappy than a pig happy in his
slop.

6. This philosopher said that it is better to be
Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied; better
to be a man unhappy than a pig happy in his
slop.
John Stuart Mill
Act Consequentialism

7. This is the word meaning a duty above and
beyond the normal call of duty in utilitarianism.

8. This is the word meaning a duty above and
beyond the normal call of duty in utilitarianism.
Supererogation
Act Consequentialism

9. These are the criterion in which something is
measured in its propensity to beget like
outcomes and dissimilar ones.

10. These are the criterion in which something is
measured in its propensity to beget like
outcomes and dissimilar ones.
Fecundity & Purity
Act Consequentialism

11. In rule consequentialism, the rightness or
wrongness of an action depends on whether it is
prohibited or required by this.

12. In rule consequentialism, the rightness or
wrongness of an action depends on whether it is
prohibited or required by this.
An Ideal Code of Rules
Rule Consequentialism

13. This is an example of a “prevent disaster” rule.

14. This is an example of a “prevent disaster” rule.
Ex.: Always keep your promise;
unless keeping your promise results in
disaster.
Rule Consequentialism

15. The issue that enough people in a society would
obey a particular rule in rule consequentialism is
called this “problem.”

16. The issue that enough people in a society would
obey a particular rule in rule consequentialism is
called this “problem.”
The Problem of Partial Compliance
Rule Consequentialism

17. This is an example of a rule that collapses rule
consequentialism into act consequentialism
(Not really about rule consequentialism)

18. This is an example of a rule that collapses rule
consequentialism into act consequentialism
(Not really about rule consequentialism)
Ex.: You should always keep your promises;
unless another choice would provide a better
outcome ( higher utility ) like lying to save a life pg 157
Rule Consequentialism

19. This kind of consequentialism sets a minimum
acceptable value for actions, as a defense
against excessive obligation.

20. This kind of consequentialism sets a minimum
acceptable value for actions, as a defense
against excessive obligation.
Satisficing Consequentialism
Good Enough
Rule Consequentialism

21. Rather than a normative theory about what is
right and wrong, psychological egoism is this
kind of theory.

22. Rather than a normative theory about what is
right and wrong, psychological egoism is this
kind of theory.
Descriptive
Psychological Egoism

23. This is the opposite of psychological egoism.

24. This is the opposite of psychological egoism.
Psychological Altruism
Psychological Egoism

25. The theory that people are sometimes driven by
charitable motives but are most of the time
driven by self-interest the kind of account.

26. The theory that people are sometimes driven by
charitable motives but are most of the time
driven by self-interest the kind of account.
Motivational Pluralism
Psychological Egoism

27. As with the principle of doctrine of double
effect, psychological egoism places high
importance on the difference between ultimate
or final ends and these.

28. As with the principle of doctrine of double
effect, psychological egoism places high
importance on the difference between ultimate
or final ends and these.
Intermediate Ends
Psychological Egoism

29. That obligation implies capability is often called
this shorthand argument.

30. That obligation implies capability is often called
this shorthand argument.
Ought implies Can
Psychological Egoism

31. Ethical egoism places this person as the agent of
primary importance in deciding the
permissibility of an action.

32. Ethical egoism places this person as the agent of
primary importance in deciding the
permissibility of an action.
The individual self
Ethical Egoism

33. Unlike traditional ethical egoism, this is the form
of the moral theory that focuses on the agent’s
beliefs regarding outcomes rather than the
actual outcomes of action.

34. Unlike traditional ethical egoism, this is the form
of the moral theory that focuses on the agent’s
beliefs regarding outcomes rather than the
actual outcomes of action.
Subjective Ethical Egoism
Ethical Egoism

35. This is the name for the intuitively plausible
principle that seems to contradict consistency
for ethical egoism.

36. This is the name for the intuitively plausible
principle that seems to contradict consistency
for ethical egoism.
Principle of Non-Interference (195)
Ethical Egoism

37. Ethical egoism, according to Timmons fails this
standard of evaluation, introduced in chapter
seven.

38. Ethical egoism, according to Timmons fails this
standard of evaluation, introduced in chapter
seven.
Publicity
Ethical Egoism

39. The non-moral theory with ties to ethical egoism
that seeks to provide logical permissibility for
certain actions is called this.

40. The non-moral theory with ties to ethical egoism
that seeks to provide logical permissibility for
certain actions is called this.
Rational Egoism or Rational Ethical Egoism
Ethical Egoism

41. Between Rawls and Rand, this philosopher
wrote our supplementary text first.

42. Between Rawls and Rand, this philosopher
wrote our supplementary text first.
Rand
Rawls & Rand

43. In Rawls, the pre-society state in his thought
experiment is called this.

44. In Rawls, the pre-society state in his thought
experiment is called this.
The Original Position
Rawls & Rand

45. This brand of ethics says that the facts of our
being determines how we ought to be morally.

46. This brand of ethics says that the facts of our
being determines how we ought to be morally.
Objectivism aka Objectivist Ethics
Rawls & Rand

47. For Rawls, these are the two rules that are
agreed upon in the pre-societal condition.

48. For Rawls, these are the two rules that are
agreed upon in the pre-societal condition.
Difference Principle
&
The Equal Access to Institutions ( Equal Rights )
Rawls & Rand

49. According to Ayn Rand, these are two of the
three true virtues.

50. According to Ayn Rand, these are two of the
three true virtues.
Reason - Rationality
Purpose - Productiveness
Self Esteem - Pride
Rawls & Rand

51. Robert Nozick’s experience machine was meant
as a critic of this kind of consequentialism.

52. Robert Nozick’s experience machine was meant
as a critic of this kind of consequentialism.
Hedonism
Secondary Sources

53. Brad Hooker was a prominent advocate of this
ethical theory, developed primarily in the 1950s
and 60s.

54. Brad Hooker was a prominent advocate of this
ethical theory, developed primarily in the 1950s
and 60s.
Rule Consequentialism
Secondary Sources

55. C. Daniel Batson’s experiments sought to prove
that humans have this kind of response to other
people in pain.

56. C. Daniel Batson’s experiments sought to prove
that humans have this kind of response to other
people in pain.
Empathy
Secondary Sources

57. David Shoemaker’s presentation of the
prisoner’s dilemma says that this action is the
one justified if you and Fabio are both egoists.

58. David Shoemaker’s presentation of the
prisoner’s dilemma says that this action is the
one justified if you and Fabio are both egoists.
To Confess ( sing, sell out buddy, take a deal )
Secondary Sources

59. David Brink was cited in our book for his
contributions to this kind of consequentialism,
one that focuses more on the reflective pursuit
of “personal projects”

60. David Brink was cited in our book for his
contributions to this kind of consequentialism,
one that focuses more on the reflective pursuit
of “personal projects”
Value Pluralism ( 165 )

61. Utility Calculation
Using expected consequence utilitarianism, and
the probabilities from our book, explain why the
mine shaft problem justifies the pressing of the
third switch.

62. Utility Calculation
Using expected consequence utilitarianism, and
the probabilities from our book, explain why the
mine shaft problem justifies the pressing of the
third switch.
( see page 132-3)