Normative Thesis

Normative Thesis
In chapter two, The Bases for Our Decisions and roles of Discernment, the author focuses mainly on
the reason for our choices as humans, and our capability of being righteousness as individuals. The
authors explains that every individual has different morals which comes to effect the decisions we
make as humans.
A Proposed Normative Basis:
How do we approach ethics?
In general everyone approaches an ethical situation differently depending on his or her priorities.
When it comes to our ethical decisions we tend to approach them with normative basis. This
sometimes includes our virtues, principles and the consequences that we might be able to handle.
Often times, these normative basis go hand–in–hand and we tend to use them together when it
comes to decision–making. This all depends on which of the three is more important to the
individual.
Describing a Normative Basis
A normative basis often times gives us an idea of person that we should become and how we should
approach others. It can give our lives a direction by shape our lives. As we grow–up we may
experience different situations that might affect how we see the world. However, these situations
and experiences also play a role in helping us define what it means to have an ethical judgment ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Principles lead us towards becoming virtuous
Principles help shape our moral values such as respect towards others
Principles help us evaluate our decisions
Principles that fall underneath human dignity include the following:
Sanctity of life– treating every stage with the equally
Beneficence– action that is done to benefit the person
Veracity– being honest and truthful to others
Autonomy– a person can make their own decisions and we must respect them
Informed consent– having the permission of a person after explaining all the medical procedure
Privacy/confidentiality– protecting the privacy of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Disadvantages Of Normative Beliefs
6.2 Potential Disadvantages 6.2.1 Legal issues and Insurance The decreased number of crashes and
therefore the claims thereof will possibly lead to a general reduction in insurance premiums. This
would encourage auto makers to incorporate more sophisticated autonomous systems in their cars.
However, the product liability increases on the manufacturers' end would lead to delays in adoption
of the technology (James M. Anderson, Kalra et al 2016; KPMG & CAR, 2012). This might in turn
force the manufacturers to offer the vehicle as a service rather than a product. In addition, a legal
framework for autonomous transport for insurance and liability has to be established (Kelly & CNN,
2014). 6.2.2 Customer Acceptance The consumer willingness to pay would depend on the level of
freedom they are able to exercise in an autonomous vehicle ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Included here are also the individuals' perception about the cost and safety of an autonomous driving
system Table 7–1: Research Model Constructs and Source Behavioral Beliefs address those beliefs
that the individual holds about one's image in the society, namely social status, quality of life or
value of time. While Normative Beliefs are indirect measure of Subjective Norm. Normative Beliefs
are evaluated together with a motivation to comply. For example, how much an individual wish to
do what his family or friends want him or her to do. TAM2/UTAUT Constructs Originally proposed
by Venkatesh et.al, the TAM2 constructs, namely Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Age,
Gender (together with Subjective Norm) help to predict an individual's Attitude towards the
Behavior, in this case the use of an Autonomous

Non Normative Events
Non–normative life events are usually those that are significant, unpredictable and unexpected; they
happen to a particular individual and if not handled properly can have mental or psychological
effects. They include natural disasters, civil wars or loss of a family member. In some instances,
events like illness or death are statistically categorized as normative but in real sense are unexpected
and undesired hence are definitely non–normative. This discussion is going to identify and
summarize two sources written in the last 5–6 years which focus on how non–normative events can
affect the quality of life of an individual.
Discussion
A study conducted Wong, Seltzer, Greenberg & Hong (2012) explores the effects stressful events
have on cortisol level in midlife mothers of children with autism and spectrum disorders. The
population under study as indicated above consisted of midlife mothers of individuals with autism
disorder; the sample size for this study involved 82 mothers that ranged from adolescents to adults
with autism. Control variables during the process included age, medical usage, education, marital
status and total number of children in a specific family. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This research tried demystifying claims that individuals who have autism are affected throughout
their life course and that parents of children with this condition have elevated stress level compared
to those with development disabilities. The researchers used two types of stress; relatively
infrequent ones such as death of a family member or marital separation which have long term effect
on lifestyle changes. The second approach concentrated on quotidian stressors which include
unexpected deadlines or arguments with family members (Barker, Hartley, Seltzer, Floyd, Greenberg
& Orsmond,

Examples Of Normative Relativism
Normal Relativism
Tyger Thompson
In a very multicultural world, philosophers have tried to come up with ways to solve the inevitable
moral conflicts that arise due to cultural differences. These moral conflicts between cultures arise
because diverse cultures have different standards for what they believe to be morally correct. One
such theory is known as relativism. The theory of relativism states that morality is relative. This
theory has certain appeals. There is much diversity in moral belief, and many people believe that
tolerance is important. However, this can run into problems when held to the strict version.
There are different versions of relativism, with the version most important to philosophers being
normative relativism. Its premises are as follows:
A believes B is morally correct.
Therefore, B is morally correct for A. (Rachels, 2015)
Normative relativists have come up with several reasons to defend their theory, and there have been
many objections, some of them being rather damning. One defence is known as the argument from
moral disagreement. Normal relativists argue that since there are many disagreements between
societies and cultures about what is morally correct, and therefore conclude that there is no objective
universal standard for morality, and thus morality is completely relative. Thus, the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, a certain culture believes that murdering infants is acceptable. The normative relativist
position would entail accepting this as morally correct for that culture, although common sense
would lead us to disagree wholeheartedly. This leads us to question where the boundaries of a
culture lie, as there is clearly a basic universal moral standard that should never be acceptable in any
culture regardless. Normative relativism disregards this potential universal moral code, which can
lead to some absurd results, such as the example of infanticide. (Southern Illinois University ,

Normative Cognitive Development
1. Typed notes attached. Younger Age Group 2. While observing the younger age group, I
discovered a variety of interesting interactions and occurrences among the children. I was
particularly surprised by how smart children can be at such a young age. In two different cases, a
young boy named Kian, 1 year and 8 months, and a young girl named Finley, 1 year and 4 months,
demonstrated their knowledge of basic skills when they both had found articles of clothing around
the room and knew exactly what parts of their bodies they are to go. Kian found a hat and instantly
put it on his head. While Finley, found a jacket and attempted to put it on the upper half of her body.
Together the two demonstrated, normative cognitive development (Baltimore,

Normative Theories And Moral Obligations
Normative Theories: Ethical and Moral Obligations
The ability to apply morality to the resolution of life's ethical issues in an appropriate manner has
been the focus of philosophers for centuries. Morality, can be best defined as to what degree any
action or inaction is deemed right or wrong, good or bad. However, the meaning of right and wrong,
along with the application of these beliefs have been the catalyst for much debate spawning what is
known as normative theory. The analysis of complex ethical issues found in common scenarios
require the application of normative theories. Normative theories define the concept of right and
wrong. There are three types of normative theories; virtue ethics, deontological theories and
consequentialism. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These imperatives are the factors of which maxims, or universal laws are to be decided on and
implemented. "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it
should become a universal law without contradiction." (Kant, 2002, pp.37). This foundational
concept is encompassed in the American Psychological Association's Ethics Code and the idea
behind patient confidentiality. These concepts have become universal law by applying them to all
patients at all times. By keeping the information of all patients confidential unless deemed
dangerous by the treating physician. Deontology makes no concessions based on potential
consequences. Thus, it would be immoral and forbidden to disclose any information regarding a
patient regardless of the potential outcome. This conclusion is in line with the current patient
confidentiality laws, HIPAA and APA Ethics Code. This concept is based on the agent–relative
obligation to refrain from taking action, however with the dual agency of commitment to the patient
and one's own child could still be a factor in making the decision of which obligations are most
important. This is clarified by the contrast of belief, risk and cause. As an individual cannot predict
whether or not their inaction will have a negative impact, regardless of perceived belief, risk and
cause these actions are still

Examples Of Normative Conformity
Normative conformity is conformity that occurs because of the desire to be liked and accepted. Most
people probably think of peer pressure amongst teens when they think of normative conformity, and
for good reason. Most teens and pre–teens are particularly vulnerable to influence because they long
to be accepted by their peers. I'm sure when you were a teenager you heard the phrase, 'If all of your
friends jumped off a bridge, would you do it, too?' Peer pressure is certainly a good example of
normative conformity, but it happens to adults, too.
For example, have you ever attended a performance that was, at best, mediocre? Maybe it was a
play you saw, and you thought it was just okay. However, at the end of the play, several people
around you may have stood while clapping. It wouldn't take very long for every person in the
auditorium, including you, to participate in the standing ovation. Even though you didn't think the
performance was necessarily deserving of the praise, you joined in rather than remaining seated, so
you wouldn't stand out like a sore thumb. Standing ovations, peer pressure, fashion trends, body
image, and following traditions are just a few examples of normative conformity.
Informational Conformity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Asch's experiment, some of the participants stated that they believed they must be wrong since no
one else agreed with them. They changed their answer so that they would be 'right.' Informational
conformity is so named because we believe that it gives us information that we did not previously
have. For example, imagine you walk into a food court at a mall. There are three stalls open, yet the
entire crowd is seated and eating in front of only one of them. Would you, as the newcomer, assume
that that particular stall has the best food because everyone else is eating

Korsgaard Normative Questions
** The normative question
Korsgaard frames the question that is central to ethics as the `normative question'. An answer to the
normative question, in Korsgaard's view must be tailored to address someone in the first–person
perspective, since the question arises from the first–person perspective.
Korsgaard writes that it is helpful to imagine the normative question as the question that is asked
when moralities demands are difficult:
#+BEGIN_QUOTE
When you want to know what a philosopher's theory of normativity is, you must place yourself in
the position of an agent on whom morality is making a difficult claim. You then ask the philosopher:
must I really do this? Why must I do it? And his answer is his answer to the normative question.
[fn:176]
#+END_QUOTE
Korsgaard uses this idea as a kind of thought experiment to see whether a particular approach to
morality is convincing. In /Sources of Normativity/ she discusses several approaches to morality and
asks whether their answer to the normative question would be `appealing' to an agent in this ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to a constructivist reading of Kant, morality is grounded in the will or practical reason
and particular moral obligations are constructed by practical reason. The fact that the moral law is a
demand of reason or rationality provides a justification for subjecting ourselves to morality:
moralities demands are rational. At the same time Korsgaard argues that it explains why we are
motivated to act in accordance with the moral law: the moral law is a demand of our own will.
Constructivism is tied to what Korsgaars names the Kantian `ethics of autonomy'. The main idea of
the Kantian ethics of autonomy that Korsgaard defends is the idea that morality is not grounded in
something that is external to practical reason or the will, but rather that it is grounded in the will or
practical reason

Normative Conformity
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change of behaviour to fit within a particular
group (McLeod, 2007). This essay will look at whether there is a connection between authority,
majority influence and the level of conformity given by the participants.
There are two types of social conformity. These are Normative conformity and informational
conformity developed by Deutsch and Gerard (1955). Normative conformity occurs when an
individual feels a desire to be liked and accepted. An example of this could be smoking due to peer
pressure in groups and feeling the need to conform to the majority in order to fit in (Long–Crowell,
2003). Informative conformity however occurs when an individual desires to be right. An example
of this could be that there ae 3 food samples of cheese on a board, one of them is significantly more
empty than the other two. A person may assume that the cheese sample with the less amount of
cheese is empty for a reason and so may be the nicest. This can be informing them of information
that they didn't already know previously (Long–Crowell, 2003) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If individuals conform to a set of rules, also known as a social norm this can reduces deviance and
crime. Acceptance also plays a huge part especially fashion for example, many fashion icons set
trends which leads to groups of youths conforming to a certain look ie; skinny jeans and denim
jackets.
There are also negative aspects of conformity such as group pressures. These can take the form of
bullying, teasing, negative criticism or persuasion in doing something you don't necessarily want to
do in order to please the other group members or to fit in. This is known as majority influence where
the majority influence the minority (McLeod, 2007).
Many experiments have been conducted into conformity such as Asch (1951–56), Crutchfield
(1954) and Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment

Essay on Reverse Outline
Reverse Outline ¶ 1 Topic Sentence: In examining Kurt Vonnengut's Slaughterhouse–Five, we can
illuminate the faults in Weisenburger's theory of satire dichotomy, as well as illuminate the nature of
the satirical qualities of Slaughterhouse–Five itself. Function: This is the thesis of Gil Henkin's
essay "Steven Weisenburger and the Big Scary Normative Value: An Exercise in Postmodern
Posturing." Its function is to provide the main idea which the author will argue thorough the essay.
¶2 Topic Sentence: Weisenburger rejects the concept of the dichotomy between a "good" and a
"bad" example, yet in rejecting this moral polarization, he presents degenerative as good as opposed
to inherently evil generative. Function: This paragraph ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By this author shows that grotesque is the tool Vonnegut uses frequently just like Weisenburger. I ¶6
Topic Sentence: All the same, Vonnegut deviates from Weisenburger's general diagnosis of satire as
violence. Function: This paragraph serves to illustrate the differences between Vonnegut's ideas and
Weisenburger's claim. Author uses a quote from Vonnegut's novel to show how the sight of powerful
destruction inspires the readers and how this idea deviates from Weisenburger's claim in which
violence supports a moral code. ¶7 Topic Sentence: Billy Pilgrim is at least in part playing a Christ
figure. Function: The author analyzes Billy Pilgrim, the main character of Vonnegut's novel, and
claims that there are similarity between him and Christ. By analyzing Billy's actions author is able to
illustrate what makes him resemble Christ and what makes him distinct. By this author shows that
there is a gross perversion of moral norm in Vonnegut's novel. ¶8 Topic Sentence: This all may
seem, in total, evidence that Slaughterhouse–Five is purely degenerative satire. Function: Author
analyzes the specifics of Vonnegut's novel and states that the evidence suggest it to be a
degenerative form of satire. This paragraph creates an argument as to whether Slaughterhouse–Five
really is a degenerative satire. ¶9 Topic Sentence: In this sense, Vonnegut is in sense a generative
satirist. Function: By analyzing several other aspects of the novel and thinking

Milestones Of Normative Development
"Normative development" is viewed as events within a children's development that correlate
towards the matching ages, ability or skills known as the 'milestones approach' (Cherry, K (2017)).
Within a child's average development these skills are categorised under four main subtopics 1)
Physical Development that includes the large motor skills used for tasks such sitting, walking, and
crawling. As well as the fine motor skills that are precise movements such as grasping and picking
up smaller objects. 2) Cognitive Milestones that are based around the idea of problem–solving; such
as being able to learn and understand the alphabet as well as learning how to react to different
situations including the correlation that may be linked to changing facial expression. 3) Social and
Emotional development is centred on the basis of being able to gain a better understanding of
personal emotions and those of others. Social milestones also help to explain a child's interactions
with others such as learning to play. Finally, 4) Communication milestones that involve non–verbal
and verbal communication skills (Cherry, K (2017)) Within regards to the following essay, the basic
understanding of the four crucial milestones will help to gain a better insight when comparing
normative development to a child who fits outside of the expected average in regards to their
Biological, Psychological and Social Development. Biological perspectives on development are
defined as, 'the progressive changes

Normative, Informational and Persuasive Social Influences
1. Compare and contrast normative and informational social influence. Informational Influence and
Normative Influence are both categorized under conformity in sociology. Informational is basically
when we conform to others behavior because we believe it provides information about reality. It is
often when we care about getting the right answer and trying to be rational. It also deals with the
"Maybe they know something I don't know" phenomenon. An example, could be choosing to eat at a
busier restaurant opposed to the empty one, or imitating the locals when outside your country. In
contrast, Normative Influence is when we conform to others behavior because they expect us to.
This is when we believe conforming may have positive consequences, such as approval or the
enhancement of our reputation, or when we believe not conforming may have negative
consequences, such as disapproval or punishment. An example of Normative Influence is laughing
at a joke you don't get, or agreeing with an opinion you believe in others. Informational Social
Influence this theory consists of the need to analyze different the information and different points of
view. When a person is found in an unknown environment, without sufficient information about it.
That person will look at other people's behavior to know what the social norm is and will then
behave in a similar way. People need information about their environment to feel comfortable. An
example of this would be, if you were waiting at the

Normative Definition Of Deviance
The first question deals with the issue of deviance being defined by a normative definition. The fist
major issue with that is in the definition. We all define deviance as something else. What someone
else finds to be deviant another person will find to be totally normal. That is where the issue lies.
How can we have something called normative definition of deviance. Is it what the society as a
whole thinks are normal or should we take the things that some small groups also consider to be
deviant. Also, this gets into when does something become deviant. If some people believe that sex
before marriage is a deviant act and other feel that it is not how can we come to a consensus of what
is a deviant act. This why is the act normal just because they have gotten married. Would it still be
considered normal if the couple was 12 and decided to get married to have sex? They are still in a
marriage and have decided to not have sex before that marriage. This for most would be considered
a deviant act in America, but if we go to other parts of the world where the life span is not that long
than the act becomes less deviant. So yes, in a way society defines deviance, but that definition
cannot simply be something that some people consider deviant. Everything is considered deviant by
someone, and everything is not considered deviant by someone else. Someone will always be
willing to condemn an action and someone will be ready to defend that same action. It is not safe to
say that just

Obligations, Reasons, And The Will By Ruth Chang Essay
In "Commitments, Reasons, and the Will," Ruth Chang argues that there are "special reasons" for
actions produced within committed relationships which do not arise in other relationships, and that
the commitment itself gives these reasons their normative force (75). In contrast, in "Autonomy and
the Authority of Personal Commitments: From Internal Coherence to Social Normativity" Joel
Anderson objects that views which emphasize volitions fail to adequately explain the normative
failure of one who acts contrary to their commitments (94). First, this paper will explicate Chang 's
argument for voluntarist reasons, and, second, it will examine Anderson 's objection and his "social
normativity" proposal. I will argue that Chang fails to establish why volitional reasons are necessary
to explain the normativity of commitments, and, furthermore, that Anderson 's account is more
plausible.
Chang regards commitments as "exercises of our normative powers," whereby we will reasons into
existence for ourselves (75). She focuses on commitments made to friends, family, and romantic
partners, and those made to oneself in terms of projects. These differ from other types of
commitments, such as promises, since the obligation to keep a promise exists only because promises
invite others to develop expectations (76). The commitments Chang discusses create internal
obligations rather than moral obligations because, according to her, they need not cause expectations
in others (although they often

Normative Gender Roles
Formally began by André Breton and influenced by Freud's vision of repressed, sexual desire, and
hallucinating conscious, gender and sexuality served as a basis of analysis and questioning for the
Surrealist artists. They believed that the women were the way to reach into subconscious of the male
mind and so femininity became the central focus of Surrealism. With the focus on femininity, the
sexuality and gender roles were explored and challenged by several female Surrealist artists such as
Claude Cahun in a way that they rejected some of the conventional perception of femininity. At the
same time, some other Surrealist artists such as Man Ray and Hans Bellmer reaffirmed the
normative gender roles by reinforcing dominant gender norms through ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This is evident in one of Man Ray's photographs, 'Érotique voilée' (1933). In this work, Man Ray
exhibited a nude female covered with ink, pressing against a printers' wheel in a very erotic manner.
She was positioned in a very center of the photograph and was displayed with the wheel in which it
gave a sense of sexual objectification of female in a way that she was treated as a part of the
machinery, not as a separate individual. Similarly, his other work, 'Le Violon d'Ingres' (1924),
features a nude woman with f–holes added in her back in which it gives the impression of her being
the body of a violin, something to be played that she is nothing more than a muse or sexual object
that can be manipulated by male dominant. As for Hans Bellmer, he constructed life–sized dolls that
were violently and sexually degraded images of young girls. 'The doll' (1936) is a photograph of
Bellmer's sexualized, distorted and dismantled sculpture of female body. The sexuality of female
was used by Bellmer to represent the unconscious sexual fantasies of male through toy–like
associations where it let the female body to be easily controlled by the male owner. In both Man Ray
and Hans Bellmer' work, the female body was interpreted as a sexualized object of erotic pleasure
designed for male in which they reinforced the gender stereotypes of women by depicting them as
inferior to

The Normative View Of Christianity
Christianity is a widespread religion that reaches many different cultures and places all around the
world. Since it is such a widespread religion there are many types of interpretations that can be
developed based off the words and teachings of the Bible. Most commonly we have the normative
view of Christianity. The normative view can most basically be understood as the highly shared
teachings of churches. Another type of interpretation that encompasses all beliefs that are not
compliant with the normative view is called esoteric. Here we will compare the interpretations of
Daskalos, the Great Teacher of Cypress, and his Researchers of Truth against the normative view of
Christianity as understood by both Catholics and Protestants. In order to further investigate the
differences between Daskalos' esoteric beliefs and normative beliefs we must understand fully what
esoteric and normative truly mean. A few beliefs of normative Christianity, as explained by
Moreman, are as follows: the belief in judgement after death. There are only 2 places to go, hell or
heaven and that may or may not be after a slight stop in purgatory, the intermediate state of being
right after death where souls await resurrection (Moreman, 62). When the resurrection happens,
people will be resurrected in their physical bodies, thanks to interpretations by St. Augustine of
Hippo (Moreman, 62). Those souls or people that are evil will spend eternity in hell in fiery
damnation (Moreman, 63). The beliefs of

Normative Expectations
As I have grown older I have thought about how, where I live has shaped my life. I have moved two
times in my life, I was born out of the country and I moved to an urban town in New Jersey when I
was two, then when I was eight I moved to a suburban town. I think about the possibility of having
lived two differents life's from the one I live now. My town is the typical middle class town that is
seen on t.v. With only three schools in the district everyone is bound to know each other. The
geographic location is very simple everything is within walking distance, the schools, the
playground, and the shops. Where I live has shaped me to become a very observant individual. My
town is a predominantly white community. When I moved, I noticed very quickly ... Show more
I became more aware of how my elder neighbors interacted with my family. I noticed that they had
very pretentious attitudes and they were always quick to point out our differences. Because of my
new geographic location, my expectations about others changed. I went from believing that
everyone treated each other equally to realizing that racism exist in this world. As a member of my
community I did not focus on the negativity but instead on the positive aspects that make this town
great, which is education. My normative expectations is that every student goes to college and
creates a meaningful career for themselves. My perspective is not much different from my parent's'
perspective. The only differences is that they did not have the opportunities that I have. They grew
up in Central America which shaped their expectations for their family. My father fought hard to
achieve the "American Dream" and gave us a better life. My parents expect my brothers and I to
have high academic standards and live a wholesome life. Their expectations help shape my
normative perspectives. Which is why I had trouble understanding why some high school students
do not attend college after

Family Life Cycle Essay
Road Ends There are moments in life that society portrays as phases or experiences in which most
and predicted to go. These moments are referred to as stages, by theoretical approaches, that are
predicted as normative events. The "Family Life Cycle" approach suggest that families have life
courses with predictable stages that are identified by normative events. Though, non–normative
events that are not often experienced by families can take a different toll on one's life. In the story,
"Road Ends", by Mary Lawson, is a prime example of
"Family Life Cycle". Lawson portrays a distinct family structure, each following a different path,
with independent experiences, leading in life changing experiences. Through analyzing the
characters ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Megan's implying that felt as if she was held back by this stage, or event in her life, and wanted to
get it over with. This step is a very personal step yet it is normative and everyone at some point
experiences, whether it's through marriage or before that it's a significant event. The second
character Displayed significance to demonstrating "Family Life Cycle" approach is Tom, Although
Tom's experience is the opposite of Megan's, instead of it being positive change it became negative.
Tom had a non–normative event occur in his life with the death of his friend Robert, who committed
suicide after and accident occured by hitting a little girl with his car and killed her, he than felt very
guilty, not having to go to jail either he took his own life, "Robert had stepped off the cliff...Kill
himself virtually in front of you", (page 91) This event placed a huge impact on Tom's life, the loss
of a friend is not a normal event, this is a non–normative event that does not occur often. An event
the most families do not experience as it has a very large impact on on someone's life. This event
scarred Tom and put him in a position where he is not very comfortable has to think about often.
Tom Demonstrates this later in the book when "A mouse drowned in the honey...Death again. It
followed him

Normative Sports
Normative ethics functions well in the sporting environment because it can help settle more disputes
when the values of the participants coach, players, and parents enter into a conflict. While many
sporting organizations are practical withy policies, actions, produces, and strategies in place they
cannot cover every actions. Thus by applying the normative ethics written and unwritten codes of
conduct can be put in place. Normative ethics is used only as a guideline to propose, identify and
great a system for the enhancement of sports. Under the normative ethics several principle exists.
Based on my original pillars of ethics being Integrity, Privacy, Harm and caution I would have to
identify Social benefit as an action I use more than originally

Lysistrat Women 's Rights
Using the three Greek works that divulge many facts about the everyday life of Athenian women, I
will compare how the reality of women's lives is depicted. Such as the wife of Euphiletus having a
mistress, Lysistrata was so brave towards men, nor Neaera whom was a slave.
In the play of Lysistrata we see how women are depicted sexual. Also on how women were
supposed to always be at home while their husbands were away at war. Women duties were to be at
home with their son and taking care of the household needs. Lysistrata notes "Oh what a low and
horny race are we! No wonder men write tragedies about us we're nothing but Poseidon and a
bucket... (145)". Women were depicted as having no control of themselves, and their husband seem
the need to keep them controlled because of their desires. Which Lysistrata has shown as being
tragedies men wrote about their wives. Lysistrata goal was to get the women help to have men end
the war against Sparta, but when she mentioned to women that they had so resisted from their
husband sexual desired they started to walk away from the Akropolis. The act of the women turning
away therefore shows why Lysistrata reacted by saying "All right. We're going to have to give up
––––cock. Why are you all turning away from me? Where are you going? (130)". In reaction to their
act that is why Lysistrata mentioned the fact in line 145 on what horny race they were.
In the 3rd Episode of the Lysistrata play, lines 845–1025 shows how Kinesias, Myrrhine

Ethical Theories Of Normative Ethics
Over the last couple of weeks in Philosophy 103, we learned five theories concerning normative
ethics: utilitarianism, duty ethics, virtue ethics, care ethics, and natural law ethics. While learning
about those theories, I often thought about how the arguments for some theories included interesting
ideas that I personally agreed with, but the methods of reasoning were somewhat lacking.
Contrastingly, I encountered theories with arguments that were not thought–provoking ideas at first,
but I became acclimated to them due to the logical and well–thought out methodologies. In this
essay, I will argue for my own normative ethical theory; an act is right if it is virtuous and
conductive towards relationships with other people and wrong if it is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A person who practices virtue attempts to live a well–balanced and stable life. While I recognize
Aristotle's argument, the argument itself presents people as isolated human beings who try to be
virtuous, or at least attempt to, with no consideration of how our interactions with others affect us
and, therefore, affect what is considered right and wrong.
The lack of reflection on how interpersonal relationships affect morality is where Virginia Held's
view completes my normative ethical theory. Her view of care ethics establishes the importance of
relationships with others, as people depend on one another to some capacity. Virginia Held declares
that an act is right if it nurtures a relationship and wrong if it does not. What is significant about
Held's methodology is that it considers the feminine perspective of caring for someone, which many
philosophers did not consider when making their arguments. The importance of interpersonal
relationships in care ethics is something that is certainly applicable to this day and age. With new
technology and globalization, our capacity to interact with others has greatly increased, and to
dismiss our connectedness while making a normative ethical theory in the modern era would be
irrational. Aristotle's virtue ethics and care ethics could then be

Normative Age Graded And Normative
While brainstorming for examples of normative age–graded, normative history–graded and
nonnormative examples; I found it easier to pick out the normative age–graded and normative
history–graded examples versus the nonnormative examples. I feel thankful and lucky to say this
because that means I was not abused, lost my parents at a young age or anything too memorable. In
fact, my nonnormative examples stray from the norm of being negative and actually are some of the
most positive pieces to my life. With that being said, I will start by giving my examples of
normative age–graded. According to our text, normative age–graded influences are "biological and
environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group" (Author, page 5).
Using this description, I came up with the examples: getting my driver's permit at the age of 15 then
following that, getting my driver's license at the age of 16. Then, finally, at the age seventeen,
graduating from high school (I have a summer birthday making me slightly younger). These are the
examples I have already experienced in my life; however there are more to expect in my future such
as: turning 21 and being able to legally drink, getting married and having children somewhere in my
20s–30s, etc. While these are examples specific to my life, there are plenty more depending on a
person's religion, culture and even location. Similarily, my examples of normative history–graded
influences could be different of

Normative Influence
First, let me offer my sincere condolences on the death of Rehteah Parsons, and commend you for
seeking out evidence–based methods to reduce bullying. The heinous nature of the crimes against
Rehteah and the humiliation she experienced after them only increase the gravity of the situation at
hand.
Bullying and sexual assault are unfortunately all too common amongst students at this age. The
desire to fit in with one's peers often leads to these behaviors being imitated and repeated instead of
challenged, a concept referred to in the psychological literature as normative influence. Research
has also shown that when others are labeled in a way that "others" them, the frequency and severity
of harmful acts against them increases. This is referred ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While a small percentage of them may be true sociopaths, it is often situational influences like those
listed above which license these behaviors. It is therefore crucial to create an environment in which
students are educated about the impact and seriousness of bullying and sexual assault. However, this
is only one part of the equation – of equal importance is an environment where self–control is given
its best chance at success. Research has shown low self–control to be closely associated with one's
willingness to engage in antisocial and impulsive behaviors. Furthermore, we know that glucose is
required by the brain to carry out its functions, including inhibiting one's own actions. At least one
study has shown that participants who are given a glucose–rich shake before playing a purposefully
frustrating game are significantly better at regulating their emotions than participants who were
given a placebo. Another study showed that people who ate breakfast reported more positive moods
overall compared to people who skipped it. These studies are representative of the body of literature
as a whole, and given this, I would highly recommend you consider implementing a program that
ensures students are receiving adequate levels of glucose from day to day. I predict that not only
would this reduce the amount of harmful and antisocial behaviors students might exhibit towards
each other and authority figures, but as an added benefit, overall academic performance would

The Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Hueshi
Hanif Kueishi's Buddha of Suburbia depicts a young man called Karim Amir and his search for
identity in 1970s London. As the plot progresses, it becomes apparent that Karim does not fall into a
distinct category, defined by sexuality, class, or race. He is a young mixed–race man with fluid
sexuality. He is "a funny kind of Englishman"–a product of two old histories (Kureishi 3). He is
placed in the position of a hybrid because of his cultural background, and by the endless racist
encounters that occur in his life. He is not a traditional protagonist who fully belongs to one social
group or identity. The narrative ultimately brings Karim to a realization that it is impossible for him
to find a place in the society. Karim's character dismantles the normative movement of adolescence
into a societally accepted adulthood, and the societal expectations that discriminate against him
because he is "almost English." By residing in a queer space and time in the Buddha of Suburbia,
Karim not only subverts the conventional construction of adulthood, but also withstands the
hegemonies of race that affect him as a half–Indian living in London. Often placed as the Other,
Karim rejects both extremes. He rejects England's racialized view of him, and normative ideas of
home, and family. He acknowledges his "odd mixture of continents and blood, of here and there, of
belonging or not" and sets out to look for trouble, which would distract him from his "gloomy, slow
and heavy" family life (3).

Normative Theories Of Ethics And Its Principles
Normative theories of ethics
The area of philosophy which is concerned with systematizing, defending and recommendation the
concepts of right and wrong is briefly defined as ethics. Thus, ethics can be consider as a set of
moral rules practiced by a group of people or community. The origin of word Ethics is greece,
derived from the word 'ethikos', meaning habit. The theories of ethics and its principles are the
standing pillars of ethical analysis. These ethical theories are always aimed towards a common set of
goals. Such set of goals are the basic principles of ethics. In 1979, in the United States, the Belmont
Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research was
published. The basic principles according to this report are: i) Respect for Persons. ii) Beneficence
which has its two set of rules – do not harm and maximize possible benefits and minimize possible
harms; iii) Justice which implies the sense of 'fairness of distribution' and 'what is deserved'. The
three major types of ethics are Meta ethics, Normative Ethics and Applied Ethics. Meta ethics also
known as Analytic ethics which explores and understands the status, foundation and scope of moral
values, properties and words. It is mainly concerned on morality. The two main schools of met
ethics are cognitivism and non–cognitivism (Argandona, 2004). Normative ethics: The area under
moral philosophy which approaches to understand the right or wrong

The Role Of Normative And Non Normative. Normative
I find it hard to imagine what my life will become in the future. As people age, they move into
different social roles that provides them with multiple identities. These transitions that we go
through tend to be linked with age, in the sense that as a society we expect something called "age–
norms" which refers to the idea that there are appropriate ages for making these various life course
transitions. There are two types of transitions, normative and non–normative. Normative is when
something happens that is expected like starting to drive or having a high school graduation, where
non–normative is unexpected such as death or winning the lottery. Throughout this paper I will
focus on what I want my future to look like, and I will look at what I can currently do to help make
this happen. I will also look at my past transitions in life to show what has led me to be the person
that I am today. While I find it hard to think about my future, I do know that I want to live a healthy,
active and meaningful life until the day that I die. While our life course can be unpredictable, we can
still set goals that we want to accomplish. I already know that my central sources of meaning will be
my family and friends. When you age, having interpersonal relationships like family and friends is
key to happiness and having meaning in life. Normality will also be something I will still want to be
seen as a normal person, even though I have aged a bit. They way that we perceive young and old is

The Code Substitution ( Cdd ) Learning Essay
The Code Substitution (CDD) Learning is Immediate and Delayed Memory Tests. This test is based
on the symbol digit–coding paradigm. The ANAM rendition emphasizes scanning and paired
associate learning of the symbol–number pairs. The test also includes a recall component. A string of
up to nine symbols and nine digits are paired in a "key" across the upper portion of the screen.
During the test, there is a box at the bottom of the screen that contains a single symbol–number pair.
Pairings at the bottom change and at times match the pairing in the key at the top. Other times the
pairing is incorrect. During the learning phase, the participant indicates whether or not the pairings
at the bottom match the key and receives feedback for incorrect responses. An immediate and/or a
delayed recall trial can also be included. During the recall phase (M2S), there is no key at the top
and the participant must indicate if the pairings appearing at the bottom are correct or incorrect from
memory The ANAM test is portable and can be administrated by a proctor who is available to
clarify questions the participant may have about how to complete the assessment. The proctor can
provide minimal, i.e. percentage of correct, mean, throughput information on how the individual
performed compared to his norm group, i.e. age, education. The test is not timed however the
participants are assessed on accuracy and reaction time. The test proctor should have counseling
skills to assist in mitigating

Essay about Article 92
Article 92 Good order and Military discipline: The Disciplinary Regulations of the United States
Army define military discipline as "a strict and honorable compliance by all servicemen with the
order and rules prescribed by laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (superiors)."
Military discipline is a special form of military relations. Its specifics lie in coordinating the conduct
and actions of military personnel and in serving to establish such relations as are required for
successful joint activity. The conduct of servicemen is regulated by special rules and standards of
behavior set forth in laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (superiors) and reflecting
the specific features of the military ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All enlistees, both as personalities and members of definite service and public structures (including
those with a negative impact on discipline), their relations and degree of activity form in the
aggregate the disciplinary system of an element (unit). Psychological support for troops has emerged
as a necessity because this kind of work can deal, to a considerable extent, with a set of specific
psychological problems arising within disciplinary systems at all levels, not the lower echelons
alone, as is often believed. Occasionally it is just the matter of an enlistee being unprepared for
discipline–abiding lifestyle (ignorance of army regulations, orders and regulatory documents).
Sometimes, however, psychological problems stem from clearly expressed anti–disciplinary
attitudes in some or other serviceman, which attitudes tend to disorganize military activities, mixing,
and off–duty routine. Two groups of disciplinary psychological problems are identified. First,
inadequacy (weakness, instability, incompleteness, and unfinished nature) of individual, group or
organizational mechanisms for normative behavior and control thereof as is revealed by practice;
certain enlistees lack the required disciplinary motivation and/or they cannot behave in an organized
way in conformity with the regulations, rules, laws, and military traditions. Military command and
control agencies, for their part, do not have enough energy and skills to

The Shareholder Approach For Managerial Responsibility Essay
The Shareholder approach to managerial responsibility was highlighted in Milton Friedman's New
York Times article "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Profits". In essence, that
article states that the responsibility of a manager is solely to the shareholders; he or she must follow
the shareholders' interests as long as it stays within legal and certain social parameters. In this essay,
I will further explain Friedman's arguments, address main counterpoints, and ultimately argue that
Friedman's conclusion is a correct and normative view of the moral responsibility from the
perspective of management in a non–private company.
The shareholder approach to managerial moral responsibility has a few main points that are
necessary to address in explaining Friedman's argument, especially in the context of distinguishing
the approach from other arguments that have been suggested as alternative approaches.
Friedman's first two arguments are similar in nature–they both point out the lack of ownership of a
firm's assets by the managers. In his article, Friedman writes:
"The stockholders or the customers or the employees could separately spend their own money on the
particular action if they wished to do so. The executive is exercising a distinct 'social responsibility,'
rather than serving as an agent of the stockholders or the customers or the employees, only if he
spends the money in a different way than they would have spent it." (Friedman 212)
In other words,

Thucydides vs. Plato
Paper about Thucydides versus Plato on the nature of the Good Life
1: Thucydides versus Plato on the nature of the Good Life. Some have claimed that Thucydides is
making empirical claims, whereas Plato is making normative claims. Is that true? Support your
answer in your paper. Plato and Thucydides together had strikingly dissimilar views on their tactic
on the good life. Many have demanded that Plato is making normative rights, whereas Thucydides
has made empirical claims. Let's first take a look at Plato. Plato's philosophy on the decent life was
based on the confidence that all has an objective or use that is classically suited for asset, beauty,
fairness, and excellence of the exact thing, and all will depend on the conclusion ... Show more
Such an account we find chiefly in the Rules and Phaedrus, nonetheless also indirectly in the
Timeous. On the additional hand, in hominid beings the depth is also distinctly moral, a self–ruler
that systematizes its needs so that it can truly love understanding. The rank of Plato's rights and
argumentation about individuals with incapacities is that this argumentation quantities to a
justification founded upon a logical logos or reasoned quarrel rather than through a plea to mythos
or approximately other socially built cultural objects.
2: Write a 750–word paper on the biblical view of science, technology, and the business world. Back
up your conclusions with examples from your reading. How do you think the eighteenth–century
world that gave rise to the Utilitarian reacted to the biblical view? The marvels of contemporary
science are overwhelming to see and to use. This very episode is only likely by the processer and the
Internet, surely two of the utmost creations of the 20th Century. There is no discipline or technology
that inside itself is also bad or decent (moral or ethical). The discipline of the atom can be
rummage–sale to generate power for thousands of people or it can be rummage–sale to kill and
mutilate thousands in a horrifying way. The science of smallpox can eliminate it after existence or
unleash scar and death. The automobile stretches great liberty to people around the biosphere,
nonetheless also kills tens of thousands and hurts far more.

Normative Ethics
Moral Reasoning Guidelines Making good moral decisions is difficult and part of the difficulty is
that we do not live in a vacuum. Making moral decisions are complex and are connected to different
contexts. You are being asked to do an ethical analysis as compared to a political, religious, or
economic one. Your research topic or case study focuses on a moral dilemma and probably has
several different proposals or solutions to your dilemma.. For our purposes, it is not so important
which moral judgment or moral rule you draw, (Discovery essay) but on how well you justify,
defend, and argue for your moral position (Justification essay) and that you demonstrate clear and
consistent reasoning as well as critical thinking skills. In making ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We must always ask ourselves what values are at stake or what value a particular action respects or
promotes, neglects, or thwarts. This section will be an important part of your essay, so be sure to
give sufficient thought to assessing what values are involved in your dilemma. In you have
discovered all the values involved in the moral dilemma, rank your values in order of importance to
you. What is the reasoning behind your ranking? Closely review Exploring Values, Rules, and
Principles. Delineating the moral values, ranking them, and explaining them are an important
section of your paper and must be included in it. We must know what we value before we can begin
to make an informed moral decision. Your highest–ranking value should be the one that helps define
your moral rule or grounds your moral judgment. 3. Any action will normally have an effect or
outcome. When analyzing a values conflict or moral dilemma, one should, as far as possible, be
aware of the beneficial or harmful effects that result from the action and how it affects the people
involved, including of course, the person performing the action. Are the effects emotional?
Physical? Immediate? Delayed? Obvious? Subtle? Hidden? Intentional? (Ruggiero 112). What are
the effects of our actions on our obligations or values? A morally aware person must take into
account the effects of our obligations, both on others and on what values

Moral Relativism and Normative Ethics
Moral Relativism and Normative Ethics
Normative ethics encompasses the study of moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
British philosopher W.D. Ross emphasizes prima facie duties. Ross argues that our duties are part of
the fundamental nature of the universe. Ross claims his list of duties reflects our actual moral
convictions. They are 1) fidelity – the duty to keep our promises, 2) reparation – the duty to
compensate others when we harm them, 3) gratitude – the duty to thank those who help us, 4) justice
– the duty to recognize merit, 5) beneficence – the duty to improve the conditions of others, 6) self–
improvement – the duty to improve our virtue and intelligence, and 7) non–malfeasance the duty not
to injure others (Skelton, 2010).
I believe this means we have a moral obligation to do no further harm to others while we better
ourselves. The problem is that in today's society a pervasive sense of moral relativism seems to
prevail. This is the belief that "most often is associated with an empirical thesis that there are deep
and widespread moral disagreements and a meta–ethical thesis that the truth or justification of moral
judgments is not absolute, but relative to some group of persons" (Gowans, 2012). This belief in
moral diversity leads to the conclusion that there are no absolutes and therefore personal conduct is
subjective. In other words do not judge me and I will not judge you, all moral values are not equal or
relatively valid or anything of

Normative Development
In the latter part of the 19th century, psychology began to separate from its previous philosophical
standing, emerging more as a scientific discipline. Abstract laws were devised, and objective and
quantitative measurements of isolated variables analysed. Theories of development emerged and
have continued throughout history, providing organization, and "a lens through which researchers
can interpret and explain any number of specific facts or observations" (Sigelman & Rider,
2012, p. 32). In postulating what is seen as 'normative' development, these theories provide a model
or map from which science and society are largely influenced.
Normative development implies an individual will grow, experience and behave in a similar manner
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The revolutionary thinking of Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic approach of the early 1900's
challenged existing human nature and development and inspired offshoot theories that continue to
be applicable to healthy development in modern day society. Bandura's social cognitive theory, for
example, was devised in response to Freud's philosophy regarding the conscience (Peterson, 2010).
Bandura's theory asserts that individuals will behave similarly across the lifespan through modelling
or imitation. This behaviourist based theory explains human behaviour in terms of a reciprocal
interaction between cognitive, behavioural and environmental factors (Sharf, 2012). In observing
other people, the learner pays attention to and perceives the other model, constructs and remembers
the behaviour, and retrieves and reproduces this behaviour subsequently, dependent on motivating
factors (Archer & McCarthy 2007). An individual is said to be motivated internally, as in
achieving a personal goal, or vicariously, when the learner observes the consequences of the
behaviour in the model.
In his parameters for healthy development, Bandura gives no credibility to collective stages, rather
offers the process as being gradual and continuous in a generation of learning (Sigelman &
Rider, 2012). Principles of learning can be seen to operate throughout life, and can be used to
describe

Normative Social Conformity
The influence of other people can cause individuals to change their point of view or alter their
behaviour. There are two types of social influence; normative social influence,which is when the
individual will go along with the majority in order to appear 'normal', and then informational social
influence, when the individual conforms because they trust the judgement of those in authority
positions such as teachers, doctors and parents. If an individual is influenced the majority and
becomes compliant to others, this is known as conforming. Kelman (1958) argued that there are
three types of conformity; internalisation, compliance and identification. A study by Sherif (1935)
tested the effects of informational social influence and conformity. Later on, Asch (1951) conducted
a research study looking at the effects of normative social influence and conformity on individuals.
Zimbardo (1973) studied conformity to social roles in order to demonstrate how certain roles have
behaviours expected from society. These studies demonstrate how an individual may behave due to
social influence in a set up environment that can then be related to real world situations.
Sherif (1935) researched whether an individual can be influenced by others when doing an
ambiguous task, one where the answer is not always clear. He conducted a laboratory experiment
and used the autokinetic effect where a light appeared to be moving, but really it was a visual
illusion. Firstly he asked participants to

Normative Context Of Advice
In Goldsmith and Fitch's 1997 article "The Normative Context of Advice as Social Support" the
dilemmas associated with giving, seeking, and taking advice are examined. The overarching goal of
this study is to analyze what the normative actions of support, specifically advice, are. The research
questions that were taken into consideration are as follows: "what goals are pursued as people ask
for, and give, advice;" "what identity and relational implications of advice shape givers' and
receivers' reactions to advice;" and "what situational, conversational, and cultural constraints are
relevant to participants' evaluation of advice?" (Goldsmith & Fitch, 1997) Multiple dilemmas were
found pertaining to advice including honesty versus support, caring vesrsus intrusive, and respect
versus autonomy. Each of these qualities are present in every interaction in which advice is given,
asked for, or received. As for the first pair of qualities, honesty and support, it manifests itself in the
situation. How the advice is taken is dependent on the present circumstances, rather than on
relational context. For example, if someone were to ask to be "brutally honest," this does not
constitute perpetual honesty; instead, it allows a temporary period during which being ... Show more
Furthermore, it would be great to break down the population into subgroups of males and females. I
think this could yield some interesting results because of the communication differences between
genders. Deborah Tannen makes some interesting points about this in her book You Just Don't
Understand. I believe that it is possible that women are more likely to take advice as caring than
men because they tend to focus on the cooperative aspect of a relationship, whereas men tend to
focus on the competitive aspect (Tannen, 1990). Then, the gender of the person receiving the advice
would impact the response to

Feminist Ethics : A Better Alternative Than Traditional...
I want to address the question: Could feminist ethics provide a "better" alternative than traditional
normative ethical theories? In order to answer this question, one must have an understanding of
what feminist ethics is and what it aims to accomplish. According to Rosemarie Tong and Nancy
Williams, feminist ethics is "an attempt to revise, reformulate, or rethink traditional ethics to the
extent it depreciates or devalues women 's moral experience." An important point in feminist ethics
is to understand how gender affects our societal expectations. When approaching the inequality of
women and men, feminist ethicists also have to argue against the societal structure of "class, race,
physical or mental ability, sexuality, and age" (Lindemann 142). Feminist ethicists also have to
question the relationships of power between different groups of people and the trust that they have
in them. They question who, what, and why trust is given. Furthermore, they have to try and figure
out which relations of power apply to whom and how they relate to morality. Many traditional
philosophers argue over what ought to be, but in doing so they teach that being ethical is something
that cannot be attained. In order to understand what is morally right, a person has to understand
humanity's current role in the world. Lindemann further explains this idea:
If, as many feminists have noted, a crucial fact about human selves is that they are always embedded
in a vast web of relationships,

Normative Ethical Relativism
The objective of this essay is to provide reasons as to why normative ethical relativism provides an
unattractive view on the nature of morality and why it should be rejected. In order to see this
negative relationship, this essay will identify three features of this theory that makes it problematic.
The first problematic feature of normative ethical relativism is based on the claim that moral
principles cannot be validated on a universal level. This means that different cultures should be free
to establish their own principles and basic values as a foundation for morality. As a result, correct
moral principles are based on the views of the majority or predominant population. Therefore it
would be wrong for any minority group to criticise against the moral views held by the majority
population in a society at any given time because the minority will always be wrong in virtue by
default because they hold the minority view. It is easy to see why this feature is problematic. This
feature in practice leads to inequality and unfairness towards the people within a society. This may
result in minorities being faced with a great danger of being oppressed by the majority. An example
of this is Nazi Germany and the holocaust. This feature is contradictory with the main message
behind normative ethical relativism in terms promoting equality among all.
Because minority criticism against the views of the majority does happen, this feature of normative
ethical relativism is criticized

Normative Theory: The Different Types Of Normative Theory
In my essay, I will be talking about all the different types of normative theories and relate them to
my case
Define ethics? Ethics are set of rule that controls the activities of any business whether it's right or
wrong .These guideline drastically affects the image of any organization in view of the
organization's action, to the general population, its shareholder, workers. They are used to inspect if
a firm or an individual has violated basic rules or aspects which relate to the normative theories
.Normative theories are categorized into consequential and non–consequential , consequential
expresses that moral rightness of an action is just in the view of its results, this implies that if the
outcomes are moral then the action taken is correct, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The roots of the cause of this incident were because the company put production and profit over
safety, the company minimized the cost of the maintenance of the equipment, the plant had a lot of
issues with its equipment which BP was aware of it but they had chosen to ignore the problem to
save and cuts the cost of the company which risked much

Essay On Normative Work
Focus Area 1: Normative Work
The UN has served as the key forum where Member States and experts have developed universal
norms and standards in conventions, declarations, regulatory frameworks, agreements, guidelines,
codes of practice and other standard setting instruments, at national and regional levels. The UN's
normative work in Afghanistan operates at three categories: a) support in the development of norms
and standards; b) support in integrating norms and standards into legislation, policies and
development plans; and c) support in implementing legislation, policies and development plans
based on the international norms, standards and conventions. On the one hand, the UN's normative
work acts as a foundation for the work of all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, it builds on decades of lessons learned and experience and will also facilitate the insertion of
any country in international exchanges and trade or movement of persons and goods or simply
provide common references when two countries discuss border management, educational standards
or combatting illegal trade. The UN also assists with regional coordination to assist countries to
establish norms and to implement transnational actions in complex areas, such as regional activities
under the 1988 Convention to prevent chemical precursors being smuggled into Afghanistan for use
in the illicit manufacture of drugs, and support to regional peace negotiation efforts.
The UN has developed unique expertise in training people on how to adopt and work with the
international norms, adjust legislation in all relevant sectors once such norms are introduced and
prepare and support
Page | 3
governments and other stakeholders (civil society or private sector) toward the new operating
conditions they often create. In Afghanistan, as elsewhere, the normative work is part of the ongoing
relationship with government counterparts and as such does not take place only through established
bilateral or multi–agency mechanisms of dialogue with counterparts. For example, the entire
protection architecture, with its multiple subsidiary bodies (clusters and working groups), relies on a
large and expanding set of norms from

Normative Thesis

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Jennifer Reither

More from Jennifer Reither (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Normative Thesis