E – waste presentation for project work by Jaitrix PrakashJai Prakash
E – Waste Management includes the following activities
Collection of E-Waste
Sorting of E-Waste
Processing of E-Waste
Repairing of E-Waste
Recycling
Dismantling
Component Recovery from E-Waste
Residual Disposal of E-Waste
e waste and its management.
E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not working, and nearing or at the end of their “useful life.” Computers, televisions etc.
E-Waste or Electronic Waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
Lithium Battery & E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling Industry. Battery Recycling as a Business. Electronic Waste Management, Disposal and Recycling
E-Waste
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. Because technology advances at such a high rate, many electronic devices become “trash” after a few short years of use. In fact, whole categories of old electronic items contribute to e-waste such as VCRs being replaced by DVD players, and DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players. E-waste is created from anything electronic: computers, TVs, monitors, cell phones, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, etc.
Electronics (E-waste) Recycling
Electronics waste, commonly known as e-scrap and e-waste, is the trash we generate from surplus, broken and obsolete electronic devices. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from old devices to use in new products.
See more
https://goo.gl/eu3T1A
https://goo.gl/RqkYhF
https://goo.gl/FdTZ14
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
E Waste Recycling Plant, E-Waste Recycling, E Waste Management, e Waste Recycling Plant in India, e-Waste Recycling Plant Cost, E-Waste Recycling Plant Project Report, Starting an E-Waste Recycling Plant, E-Waste Recycling Business, Electronic Waste, Business Setup for E-Waste Recycling, Electronics (E-Waste) Recycling, E-Waste or E-Scrap Recycling, Electronic Waste Management, E Waste Recycling and Recovery, Environment Friendly Electronic Waste Management, Electronic Waste Recycling, E-Waste Management, Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Recycling & Disposal, Disposal of Electronic Waste (E-Waste), Electronic Waste Disposal, E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling and Management, Battery Recycling, Recycling of Automotive Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries, Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling, Battery Recycling Plant, E – Waste Management Project, e-Waste Management Project Report Pdf, Cost of Setting up E-Waste Recycling Plant in India, E-Waste Project Ideas, e-Waste Management Project in India, Lithium Battery Recycling Process, How to Recycle Batteries, Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Industry, Recycling the Hazardous Waste of Lithium Ion Batteries, Li-Ion Batteries Recycling, Battery Scrap Recycling, Project Report on Battery Recycling Industry, Detailed Project Report on E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling, Project Report on Li-Ion Batteries Recycling, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
"E-waste is not a problem that is going away any time soon. In fact it is only going to get worse. By 2017, the volume of our thrown away e-products throughout the world is expected to rise by 33 percent from 2012, and we can expect the weight of this garbage to equal eight of the Great Pyramids of Egypt. The amount of e-waste that we produce, including computers, DVD players, cellphones and global positioning products, could rise by a whopping 500% over the next decade in countries such as India. It is crucial to know the effects of e-waste on the environment, and what we can do to stop it.
This is from an article that appeared on All Green Website: http://www.allgreenrecycling.com/blog/effects-of-e-waste-on-our-environment/"
Seminar presentation on Electronic waste/E wasteEr Gupta
Electronic waste or E waste may be defined as, computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devices & many other electronic or electrical devices which are unwanted, broken & discarded by their original users are known as ‘E-Waste’ or ‘Electronic Waste’
E – waste presentation for project work by Jaitrix PrakashJai Prakash
E – Waste Management includes the following activities
Collection of E-Waste
Sorting of E-Waste
Processing of E-Waste
Repairing of E-Waste
Recycling
Dismantling
Component Recovery from E-Waste
Residual Disposal of E-Waste
e waste and its management.
E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not working, and nearing or at the end of their “useful life.” Computers, televisions etc.
E-Waste or Electronic Waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
Lithium Battery & E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling Industry. Battery Recycling as a Business. Electronic Waste Management, Disposal and Recycling
E-Waste
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. Because technology advances at such a high rate, many electronic devices become “trash” after a few short years of use. In fact, whole categories of old electronic items contribute to e-waste such as VCRs being replaced by DVD players, and DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players. E-waste is created from anything electronic: computers, TVs, monitors, cell phones, PDAs, VCRs, CD players, fax machines, printers, etc.
Electronics (E-waste) Recycling
Electronics waste, commonly known as e-scrap and e-waste, is the trash we generate from surplus, broken and obsolete electronic devices. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from old devices to use in new products.
See more
https://goo.gl/eu3T1A
https://goo.gl/RqkYhF
https://goo.gl/FdTZ14
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
E Waste Recycling Plant, E-Waste Recycling, E Waste Management, e Waste Recycling Plant in India, e-Waste Recycling Plant Cost, E-Waste Recycling Plant Project Report, Starting an E-Waste Recycling Plant, E-Waste Recycling Business, Electronic Waste, Business Setup for E-Waste Recycling, Electronics (E-Waste) Recycling, E-Waste or E-Scrap Recycling, Electronic Waste Management, E Waste Recycling and Recovery, Environment Friendly Electronic Waste Management, Electronic Waste Recycling, E-Waste Management, Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Recycling & Disposal, Disposal of Electronic Waste (E-Waste), Electronic Waste Disposal, E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling and Management, Battery Recycling, Recycling of Automotive Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries, Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling, Battery Recycling Plant, E – Waste Management Project, e-Waste Management Project Report Pdf, Cost of Setting up E-Waste Recycling Plant in India, E-Waste Project Ideas, e-Waste Management Project in India, Lithium Battery Recycling Process, How to Recycle Batteries, Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Industry, Recycling the Hazardous Waste of Lithium Ion Batteries, Li-Ion Batteries Recycling, Battery Scrap Recycling, Project Report on Battery Recycling Industry, Detailed Project Report on E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling, Project Report on Li-Ion Batteries Recycling, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on E-Waste (Electronic Waste) Recycling, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
"E-waste is not a problem that is going away any time soon. In fact it is only going to get worse. By 2017, the volume of our thrown away e-products throughout the world is expected to rise by 33 percent from 2012, and we can expect the weight of this garbage to equal eight of the Great Pyramids of Egypt. The amount of e-waste that we produce, including computers, DVD players, cellphones and global positioning products, could rise by a whopping 500% over the next decade in countries such as India. It is crucial to know the effects of e-waste on the environment, and what we can do to stop it.
This is from an article that appeared on All Green Website: http://www.allgreenrecycling.com/blog/effects-of-e-waste-on-our-environment/"
Seminar presentation on Electronic waste/E wasteEr Gupta
Electronic waste or E waste may be defined as, computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment devices & many other electronic or electrical devices which are unwanted, broken & discarded by their original users are known as ‘E-Waste’ or ‘Electronic Waste’
I know there are number of slides for this topic but i have summarized many of them in this one. This is very hot topic in colleges and you should keep a copy because you may get this as your next assignment.
A complete PPT on E-Waste.
PPT: E-waste or Electronic Waste is the inevitable by-product of a technological revolution. Driven primarily by faster, smaller and cheaper microchip technology, society is experiencing an evolution in the capability of electronic appliances and personal electronics.E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxic ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment.
Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
This presentation is basically is on about e waste management in india , how electronic waste is dumped in india and how waste is tackled in the world as major dumping zone of ewaste of western countries is Asia.
How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
Turbocharge your online presence with SlideShare. We provide the best tips and tricks for succeeding on SlideShare. Get ideas for what to upload, tips for designing your deck and more.
A Comprehensive Study On E Waste Management: Present Situation And Future Imp...Mosfiqur Rahman
Now-a-days, Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of fastest growing pollution problem for
environment and as well as threaten human body due to its presence in variety of toxic
substances as its disposal system are not properly managed. In Bangladesh, a large number of
electronic waste are generated but its subsequent handling, reuse, recycling and disposal are not
properly handled and can cause significant environmental and health hazards. At present, there is
lack of awareness about the hazards of electronic waste in Bangladesh. The electronic waste may
reuse, broken down into parts or disposed of completely. The present informal practice of
recycling is not carried out safely and it becomes a danger to human health and the surrounding
environment. This paper will share the management system of electronic disposal items and
trend of usage of electronic equipments. It will also share what hazards have been created from
this electronic waste, what are the present dumping practices and what rules are there in place for
dumping. It will also identify the level of awareness regarding e-waste and to determine a way to
reduce environmental hazards.
Today e-waste are becoming a major problem for the developing countries. E-waste is defined something
as a discarded parts of electronic devices which contains most of the times, hazardous chemicals which is
deadly for our environment, example is computer components. Green Computing is the study and practice
of designing, using, disposing and manufacturing electronic components in an eco-friendly manner and
Green Computing is one of the solution to tackle with this hazardous e-waste problem which is an emerging
concern towards the environment. The objective of this paper is to draw the attention towards the lack of
awareness about green computing or we can say how green computing policies is being ignored by
developing countries and how developed countries are adopting green IT policies seriously. This paper
also discusses the analysis which has been done on how the amount of e-waste has been increased in
developing countries in past years.
Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance.
This presentation contains:
-Introduction
-Indian Scenario
-Main Sources
-Problems
-Hazards
-Effects on Human Health
-E-waste Management (Solutions)
-Sustainable E-waste handling
-Basel Convention
-Need for Legal Framework
E-Waste: A Hazard to Human Beings and EnvironmentDr Somvir Bajar
Management of the fastest-growing e-waste is a severe problem and has attracted worldwide attention. The electrical and electronic devices have become a part of everyone’s day to day life. Faster upgradation of electrical and electronic product is forcing consumers to add more e-waste to the solid waste stream. The growing problem of e-waste calls for greater emphasis on recycling e-waste. However, recycling of hazardous components in informal sector attracts several health-related problems and pollution to the environment, which call attempts for better e-waste management.
In this research paper, researcher has tried to focus on What is present scenario of E waste management in India & What are the procedures and methods used in its handling?
e-waste: what is your role and are gadget makers helping?Michelle Crawford
When was the last time you upgraded your phone or gadget? According to Greenpeace International, that was probably within the last two years. With a speedy lifespan of electronic devices, comes enormous electronic waste, a.k.a. e-waste. The amount of e-waste has skyrocketed in the last 30 years, representing 20% of America’s trash in landfills and 70% of toxic waste materials. What can we do about this? More articles? - https://www.gbrionline.org/articles More sustainability courses - https://www.gbrionline.org/learning-hub LEED Green Associate Exam Prep, LEED AP Exam Prep, WELL AP Exam Prpe - https://www.gbrionline.org/leed and https://www.gbrionline.org/well
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
When stars align: studies in data quality, knowledge graphs, and machine lear...
Ewaste
1. Amount of E-waste world-wide
• An estimated 50 million tons of Ewaste are produced each
year. The USA discards 30 million
computers each year and 100
million phones are disposed of in
Europe each year.
• The Environmental Protection
Agency estimates that only 1520% of e-waste is recycled, the
rest of these electronics go directly
into landfills and incinerators.
• China already produces about 2.3
million tons (2010 estimate)
domestically, second only to the
United States.
2. • Life span of a computer
changed from 4-6 years in
1997 to 2 years in 2005 and
further decreasing .
• Average working life of a
mobile phone is 7 years but
worldwide the average
consumer changes their
mobile every 11 months.
• UN study has found that
manufacturing a computer
and its screen takes at least
240kg of fossil fuels, 22 kg of
chemicals and 1.5 tonnes of
water – more than the weight
of a car.
3. • By 2017, the volume of discarded eproducts worldwide is expected to be 33
per cent higher than in 2012 and weigh
the equivalent of eight of the Great
Pyramids of Egypt.
• Rapid changes in technology, changes in
media falling prices, and planned
obsolescence have resulted in a fastgrowing surplus of electronic waste
around the globe.
• A substantial proportion of e-waste
exports go to countries outside Europe,
including west African countries.
• Treatment in these countries usually
occurs in the informal sector, causing
significant environmental pollution and
health risks for local populations.
4. E-Waste: Environmental and
Health Hazards
Our electronic waste is filled with a
veritable cocktail of toxic materials.
Unfortunately when this ewaste is not
recycled and simply thrown out with the
garbage, ultimately ending up
in landfill, it means both human health
and the environment are at risk.
Discarded electronics contain
hazardous materials like :
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Hexavalent Chromium (Cr)
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride Plastics)
Cadmium (Cd)
Brominated Flame Retardants (Pb)
5. Lead
•Lead accumulates in the environment and has
high acute and chronic toxic effects on plants,
animals and microorganisms.
•Lead is known to cause damage to nervous
systems, blood system and kidneys in humans.
•Effects on the endocrine system have been
observed, and serious negative effects on
children's brain development are well
documented.
•Lead existing in land filled products has the
potential to contaminate drinking water supplies.
Cadmium
Cadmium is cancer causing to humans.
Within environmental systems it rapidly
degrades soil health causing flow on effects
to local ecosystems; it is also released to
the atmosphere if burnt.
The apparatus consists of the 10 ×
10 cm printed circuit board
mounted with SMD devices
6. Mercury
•Mercury has a toxic affect on both human and
environmental health. Negative effects on brain
functioning and development have been
attributed to mercury.
• A small amount now exists in every household
light-bulb (the new energy efficient CFLs), if
these light-bulbs are crushed as part of the
waste transfer process the elemental form of
mercury is easily transferred into local
.
environments.
•Once in landfill and combined with organics,
anaerobic breakdown takes place leading to the
production of highly toxic methyl-mercury.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride Plastics)
•The production and burning of PVC products generates
dioxins and furans, which contribute to air pollution and
respiratory ailments.
•. Hazardous chemical additives (like phthalates) can
leach when PVC components of electronic products are
sent to landfill.
7. Brominated Flame Retardants
When e waste is oxidized during
smelting, bromine will be released. The
released bromine may then recombine with
unoxidized carbon under certain conditions in
smelter emissions in the form of Brominated
dioxins and furans.
•Research has concluded that exposure to
these chemicals in early life could induce
neurotoxic effects similar to those caused by
other toxic substances such as some
pesticides.
•Exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyls
(PBBs) are believed to cause an increased risk
of cancer of the digestive and lymph systems.
•PBBs are found in:
Printed circuit boards
Components such as connectors, plastic
covers and cables
Plastic covers of TV sets
8.
9. It is estimated that 75% of electronic items
are stored due to uncertainty of how to
manage it. These electronic junks lie
unattended in houses, offices, warehouses
etc. and normally mixed with household
wastes, which are finally disposed off at
landfills. This necessitates implementable
management measures.
In industries management of e-waste
should begin at the point of generation.
This can be done by waste minimization
techniques and by sustainable product
design. Waste minimization in industries
involves adopting:
inventory management,
production-process modification,
volume reduction,
recovery and reuse.
10. Inventory management
Proper control over the materials used in the manufacturing process
is an important way to reduce waste generation (Freeman, 1989).
By reducing both the quantity of hazardous materials used in the
process and the amount of excess raw materials in stock, the
quantity of waste generated can be reduced. This can be done in
two ways i.e. establishing material-purchase review and control
procedures and inventory tracking system.
Production-process modification
Changes can be made in the production process, which will reduce
waste generation. This reduction can be accomplished by changing
the materials used to make the product or by the more efficient use
of input materials in the production process or both. Potential waste
minimization techniques can be broken down into three categories:
i) Improved operating and maintenance procedures,
ii) Material change and
iii)Process-equipment modification.
Recovery and reuse
This technique could eliminate waste disposal costs,
reduce raw material costs and provide income from a
salable waste. Waste can be recovered on-site, or at an
off-site recovery facility, or through inter industry
exchange. A number of physical and chemical
techniques are available to reclaim a waste material
such as reverse osmosis, electrolysis, condensation,
electrolytic recovery, filtration, centrifugation etc.
11. Information security
• E-waste presents a
potential security threat to individuals
and exporting countries.
• Hard drives that are not properly erased
before the computer is disposed of can be
reopened, exposing sensitive information
12. TOXIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN EWASTE
Hazardou
s
Americiu
m
Lead
Mercury
Sulphur
Cadmium
Beryllium
oxide
Aluminum
Copper
Germaniu
m
Gold
Iron
Lithium
Nickel
Silicon
Tin
Zinc
NonHazardou
s
13. • Credit card numbers, private
financial data, account information
and records of online transactions
can be accessed by most willing
individuals. Organized criminals in
Ghana commonly search the drives
for information to use in
local scams.[38]
14. • Government contracts have been
discovered on hard drives found
in Agbogbloshie.
• Multi-million dollar agreements from
United States security institutions such as
the Defense Intelligence
Agency(DIA), the Transportation Security
Administration and Homeland
Security have all resurfaced in
Agbogbloshie
15. Background
• The global growth in electrical and electronic equipment
production and consumption is exponential.
• Electronic waste (e-waste) is the fastest growing waste
stream today.
• Due to the high financial investment needed for
environmentally sound waste management, there is
currently a high level of transboundary, often illegal,
movement of e-waste into developing countries for
recycling and the worldwide market for e-waste is
growing by almost 9% per year.
• Between 50% and 80% of e-waste collected for recycling
in developed countries each year is being exported.
16. Issues Posed
• High volumes
• Toxic design
• Poor design and complexity
• Financial incentives
• Lack of regulation
17. Risks to Workers and the
Environment
•
•
•
•
•
•
Different chemicals pose different hazards and without information, safe
handling cannot be assured
The main hazards arise from the presence of heavy metals, persistent
organic pollutants, flame retardants and other potentially hazardous
substances.
The workers and local residents in areas of e-recycling in developing
countries are exposed to the chemicals through inhalation, dust ingestion,
dermal exposure and dietary intake.
Workers are exposed to other hazards leading to physical injuries and
chronic ailments such as asthma, skin diseases, eye irritations etc.
For the most part, workers are not aware of environmental and health risks,
do not know better practices or have no access to investment capital to
finance safety measures.
It is a global environmental and health emergency, beyond occupational
exposure involving vulnerable groups and future generations
18. Governments should set up regulatory agencies in each state,
which are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and
consolidating the regulatory functions of the various
government authorities regarding hazardous substances .
Governments must encourage research into the development
and standard of hazardous waste management, environmental
monitoring and the regulation of hazardous waste -disposal.
Governments should enforce strict regulations and heavy fines
levied on industries, which do not practice waste prevention
and recovery in the production facilities .
Governments should enforce strict regulations against dumping
e-waste in the country by outsiders.
19.
Re-evaluate 'cheap products' use, make product
cycle 'cheap' and so that it has no inherent value that
would encourage a recycling infrastructure.
Create computer components and peripherals of
biodegradable materials.
Encourage / promote / require green procurement for
corporate buyers.
Look at green packaging options.
Recycling raw materials from end-of-life electronics is
the most effective solution to the growing e-waste
problem.
E-wastes should never be disposed with garbage and
other household wastes. This should be segregated at
the site and sold or donated to various organizations.