The summary provides an overview of the evolution of clothing from animal skins to modern fabrics and fashion: - Early humans began wearing animal skins and plant fibers as clothing around 100,000 years ago for protection from weather. Sewing needles dated to around 18,000 BC showed skins were sewn together. - The first woven fabrics emerged in the Middle East around 8,000 BC using plant fibers like flax and hemp. Silk production began in China around 2,800 BC and spread along trade routes. - During the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, powered machines enabled mass production of cotton and wool textiles. Synthetic fabrics like rayon, nylon and polyester were later invented.

1. Evolution of clothes
From animal skins, woven material,
silk, status, fashion, work, warfare,
religious and sports clothing.

2. Development of clothing (covering the
essentials)
• Hats
• Loin cloths
• Shoes

3. The official version!

4. Use of clothing
• Allowed hominids to travel outside
of Africa
• To keep cool in the heat
• To keep warm in the cold
• The wearing of clothing is specifically
human characteristic and most
human societies wear some form of
clothing.
• Anthropologists think that animal
skins and vegetation were adapted
as protection from weather
conditions and allowed hominids to
tolerate extreme temperatures as
they colonised the world.

5. Wearing animal skins
• The earliest form of clothing was
probably animal skins worn over the
body for warmth and used as
bedding.
• The best information we have about
the history of clothing comes from
the tools used in its creation.
• Distinctive sewing needles made
from bone were found near Russia.
• These needles were dated to around
18,000 B.C., and were likely used to
sew animal skins together to form
crude clothing.

6. Sewing, kitting, crocheting
• First material used for clothing that
was not leather but textile was
probably felt (processed animal
hair).
• Nålebinding, which is early textile
method of knitting and crochet
• Then came textiles (woven fabric)
but because of their composition
(protein and plant sources), they
tend to disintegrate over time, so
there's very little evidence of their
history.

7. Ancient clothing
• Clothing may have been around for
hundreds of thousands of years,
with some scientists proposing that
it may have been in use even more
than 650,000 years ago
• The first fabric uses occurred about
100,000 years ago.
• These theories are based on studies
of the human body louse, which
according to genetic studies,
diverged from its ancestor, the head
louse, about 100,000 years ago.

8. Developing fabrics
• Clay tablets have been found that
show fabric weaving )probably using
flax) in the Middle East as early as
8,000 B.C. It's believed that the first
hand looms were created around the
same time
• The earliest surviving fabric scraps
have been traced to Anatolia (near
modern day Turkey), and can be
dated to around 6,500 B.C. These
include woven rugs, along with some
scraps that indicate early wool
cultivation.

9. Textiles and fabrics
• Fabric at this time was spun by
hand or woven on primitive
looms
• Starting around 6,000 BC, other
fibers such as rush, reed, palm
and papyrus were used together
with flax (linen) to make ropes
and other textiles.
• Bark and hemp fibers were
discovered to have been used in
Japan around 5,500 BC.

10. Textiles and fabrics
• Cotton fabric was developed by
the Egyptians around 5,000 –
4,000 BC
• Silk was introduced as a fabric
around 4,000 BC, in China.
• Woollen fabric was developed
around 3,000 BC.

11. Chinese Silks
• In China around 2,800 B.C. silk became
a major export, opening up trade
routes and partnerships with
countries worldwide.
• China was able to keep a near
monopoly on silk production. The
monopoly was defended by an
imperial decree, condemning to death
anyone attempting to export
silkworms or their eggs.
• Around 300 BC, a Japanese expedition
succeed in taking some silkworm eggs
and four young Chinese girls, who
were forced to teach their captors the
art of sericulture.
• In the late Middle Ages, trans-
continental trade over the land routes
of the Silk Road declined as sea trade
increased
Woven silk textile from the
Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan
province, China, 2nd century BC
The main silk roads between
500 BC and 500 AD

12. Classical Antiquity style
• Dress style in classical Egypt, Greece
and Rome favoured wide, unsewn
lengths of fabric, pinned and draped
to the body in various ways.
• The fabrics commonly used for
these clothes were linen, wool and
cotton.
• It was made to suit the weather,
covering more of the body where it
was colder and less of the body
where it was warmer
• Dress style become more ornate for
the aristocratic classes or for those
where certain articles of clothing
were symbolic of power, such as in
government or religious functions.

13. Egypt
• Ancient Egyptians commonly used linen, a
product made from the abundant flax plant.
• Linen is light, strong and flexible which made it
ideal for life in the warm climate, where
abrasion and heat would wear and tear at
clothing.
• Wool was rarely used due to a belief that
animal based fabrics were impure, and it was
forbidden to be worn in places like temples and
sanctuaries.
• Other animal based products such as pelts
were reserved for priests and eventually were
adopted by only the highest class of ancient
Egyptian citizenry.
Women entertainers perform at a
celebration in Ancient Egypt; the
dancers are naked and the musician
wears a typical pleated garment as
well as the cone of perfumed fat on
top of her wig that melts slowly to
emit its precious odours; both wear
jewellery, wigs, and cosmetics;
neither wear shoes
This inventory, over 4,000 years old documents a list of linen fabrics
including undergarments, shirts, and bedsheets

14. Ancient Greece (1,000 BC--1 AD)
• Clothing in Ancient Greece was typically
homemade and worn loose and flowing.
• The most basic piece worn by both men
and women was called the "Doric chiton,"
which was a large piece of woollen or linen
fabric worn draped around the body or
secured in place with buttons or pins.
• The second most popular clothing item was
the "himation," which was made of a
heavier weight fabric and used as a cloak.
• Both garments were usually ankle-length
and often worn with a belt.
• Men usually wore a knee-length chiton,
which made is easier to ride horses and do
hard labour.
• Both sexes either went barefoot or wore
sandals.

15. Ancient Romans
• The Romans used mostly wool, though they
also used other fibers, such as hemp, linen and
small amounts of silk or cotton (which were
imported and more expensive).
• Clothing generally comprised a short-sleeved
or sleeveless, knee-length tunic for men and
boys, and a longer, usually sleeved tunic for
women and girls.
• On formal occasions, adult male citizens could
wear a woollen toga, draped over their tunic,
and married citizen women wore a woollen
mantle over a simple, long-sleeved,
voluminous garment that hung to midstep.
• Clothing, footwear and accoutrements
identified gender, status, rank and social class,
and thus offered a means of social control.

16. European Silks
• It was not until 552 AD that the Byzantine
emperor Justinian obtained the first silkworm
eggs.
• He had sent two Nestorian monks to Central
Asia, and they were able to smuggle silkworm
eggs to him hidden in rods of bamboo.
• While under the monks' care, the eggs
hatched, though they did not cocoon before
arrival.
• The church controlled the manufacture of silk
in the Byzantine Empire was thus able to
make fabrics for the emperor.
• After the start of the Crusades, techniques of
silk production began to spread across
Western Europe.
• In order to satisfy the rich and powerful
bourgeoisie's demands for luxury fabrics, the
cities of Lucca, Genoa, Venice and Florence
were soon exporting silk to all of Europe.
• In 1472 there were 84 workshops and at least
7,000 craftsmen in Florence alone.
The monks sent by Justinian
give the silkworms to the
emperor.

17. Dyed and woven fabrics
• The development of richly dyed, woven,
patterned and embroidered fabrics started
in Byzantium and early medieval Europe.
• During the high middle ages, the
development and dyeing of wool was
developed more and more, and we began to
see a clear differentiation between wool as
outerwear and linen as innerwear.
• Wool cannot be washed and dried without
shrinking, which makes it unsuitable for
garments that are washed often, like
innerwear.
• That’s where linen works very well, as it also
breathes quite easily.
• Cotton and silk were still being imported
and therefore reserved for ornamentation,
not as the main materials.

18. Development of fashion
• The diversification of textiles in Europe
happened during the Crusades.
• Soon afterwards fashion emerged which
historians agree occurred in the mid
14th century.
• From that time onward, clothes began
to change in Europe at a pace unheard
of in other places in the world, where
styles remained the same for centuries
while the Europeans began changing
them every year.
• This is also the period when straight
seams and draped garments began to be
replaced with what were the beginnings
of tailoring, such as curved seams, lacing
and buttons.

19. Sumptuary laws
• The word ‘sumptuary’ comes from the Latin
word which means ‘expenditure’.
• Roman. It was considered the duty of
government to put a check upon extravagance
in personal expenditure
• The Sumptuariae Leges of ancient Rome were
laws passed to prevent inordinate expense in
banquets and dress, such as the use of
expensive Tyrian purple dye.
• In the early years of the Roman Empire, men
were forbidden to wear silk.
• Islamic world. Islamic sumptuary laws are
based upon teachings found in the Quran and
Hadith.
• Males are told not to wear silk clothes, nor
have jewellery made of gold, wearing clothes or
robes that drag on the ground, which seen as a
sign of vanity and excessive pride, were also
forbidden.

20. France – (1294 to 1789)
• Sumptuary laws in France were imposed
social codes of food and dress upon
different levels of society in France.
• These laws were meant to emphasise
social hierarchy and control behaviour of
those considered 'social inferiors‘.
• They prevented social inferiors from
wearing certain clothes and consuming
certain foods and drink associated with the
aristocracy.
• The types of clothing a person could buy
were regulated not only by income but by
social rank.
• Other classes were debarred from clothing
themselves with materials which were
associated to aristocracy.
Only members of the royal
household were permitted
to wear grey fur or ermine
Princes could wear long toed
shoes 24" longer than their feet
whereas poor people were
limited to six inches beyond the
foot.

21. Development of the suit
• National European variations in
clothing started during the 15th
century.
• This is also when silk and velvet began
to be used more prominently.
• During the 17th century, the origins of
the three-piece suit — as the coat,
waistcoat and breeches (trousers)
made of the same cloth.

22. French silks
• Italian silk cloth was very expensive, due to the cost
of the raw material and production costs.
• The craftsmen in Italy proved unable to keep up
with the requirements of French fashion, which
continuously demanded lighter and less expensive
materials.
• In 1466, King Louis XI decided to develop a national
silk industry in Lyon.
• In 1540, King Francis I granted a monopoly on silk
production to Lyon.
• By the 16th century, Lyon became the capital of the
European silk trade, producing many different
fashions.
• In the middle of the 17th century, over 14,000
looms were used in Lyon, and the silk industry fed a
third of the city's population.
• Provence and the Drome experienced a boom in
sericulture that would last until the first world war,
with much of the silk shipped north to Lyon.
A mature mulberry
tree in Provence
A former magnanery in
Luberon

23. Industrial Revolution
• The Industrial revolution introduced rapid
changes due to the invention of power-
driven machines
• Machines could weave fabric and sew
garments hundreds of times faster than by
hand
• Cotton Gin. The earliest versions consisted
of a single roller made of iron or wood and
a flat piece of stone or wood to expel the
seeds from the cotton. They were difficult
to use and required a great deal of skill.
• Spinning mule was a machine used to
spin cotton and other fibres. They were
used extensively from the late 18th to the
early 20th century.

24. Synthetic textiles
• The next big development in fabric
production came in 1891 in France with
the invention of the world's first
synthetic fibers.
• These cellulose products derived from
wood and other plants was first known
as Chardonnet silk but was eventually
named rayon.
• The invention of rayon was quickly
followed by nylon in the 1930s and
polyester soon after.
• Today, a large percentage of fabric is
composed of these fibers, bringing
down the cost of clothing considerably
A device for spinning
Viscose Rayon dating from
1901
Nylon stockings

25. Post First world war
• Women's clothing changed during the First
World War out of practical necessity.
• In 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain
were employed in ammunition factories.
• They wore a working uniform of blouse and
trousers with accessories such as scarves,
which was later replaced by khaki overalls
and caps.
• Skirts became shorter.
• Trousers became a part of Western
women’s clothing.

26. Post second world war
• The demands of wartime life meant
that more people needed clothes that
were fit for industrial war work.
• Factory safety became a big issue.
Accidents caused by long hair getting
caught in machinery became too
common, so headscarves - or turbans,
or 'glamour bands' - were adopted by
many.
• Clothes were rationed in Britain from 1
June 1941. This limited the amount of
new garments people could buy until
1949, four years after the war's end.

27. Post war Fashion
• 1946. The bikini was invented.
• 1950's. The full, billowy skirt and
natural waistline was quite popular for
a number of dresses.
• 1960's. Bright, swirling colours.
Psychedelic, tie-dye shirts and long hair
and beards.
• 1970's. Bell bottoms, pant suit, leisure
suit and track suit was what the average
person was sporting..

28. Cultural clothing
Chinese
Japanese
Kimonos and kosodes
Malaysian

29. Cultural clothing
Vietnamese
áo dài
Indian
sari
African

30. Religious clothing
Religious clothing is dress which
has a special significance to a
faith group, religious practice,
custom or tradition.

31. Business suits
Tweed suit Pin stripe suit Formal dress suit Scottish suit

32. Development of the tie
• The tie originated in the 17th century,
during the 30 year war in France.
• King Louis XIII hired Croatian mercenaries
who wore a piece of cloth around their
neck as part of their uniform.
• While these early neckties did serve a
function (tying the top of their jackets that
is), they also had quite a decorative effect –
a look that King Louis was quite fond of.
• In fact, he liked it so much that he made
these ties a mandatory accessory for Royal
gatherings, and – to honour the Croatian
soldiers – he gave this clothing piece the
name “La Cravate” – the name for necktie
in French to this day.

33. Armor and war clothing
Greek Roman
China Japan
Medieval Red Coats US Army

34. Modern armed forces uniform
Naval ceremonial British navy
British air force
British army
Camouflage Scuba dive gear

35. Specialist sports clothing
Football Rugby Fencing Judo
Wimbledon tennis
Horse riding
Car racing
Skiing Fishing Cycling
Running
Motorbike

36. Development of womens hats

37. Development of mens hats

38. Evolution of underwear
and

39. History of shoes

40. Shoe museum in Romans

41. Future for clothing
Solar power
Spaceship clothing
health monitoring clothing

42. Future for clothing
Exoskeletons
Space suits