These slides give an overview of public health and the role of local public health departments in keeping people healthy, presents housing, health and some of the vulnerable populations who are the primary focus of our work, and shows the Healthy Chicago Public Health Agenda - the blueprint for our work at the Chicago Department of Public Health. Lastly, it highlights some of our work and accomplishments with vulnerable groups.
Presentation by Dr. Henry Perry, Senior Associate at the Department of International Health at Johns Hopkins University on community participation in health systems. Presented at the Third Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Cape Town, South Africa. The theme for this year’s symposium was People-centered Health Systems.
A Health Equity Toolkit: Towards Health Care Solutions For AllWellesley Institute
This presentation offers health solutions that will help create a more equitable system.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
These slides give an overview of public health and the role of local public health departments in keeping people healthy, presents housing, health and some of the vulnerable populations who are the primary focus of our work, and shows the Healthy Chicago Public Health Agenda - the blueprint for our work at the Chicago Department of Public Health. Lastly, it highlights some of our work and accomplishments with vulnerable groups.
Presentation by Dr. Henry Perry, Senior Associate at the Department of International Health at Johns Hopkins University on community participation in health systems. Presented at the Third Global Symposium on Health Systems Research in Cape Town, South Africa. The theme for this year’s symposium was People-centered Health Systems.
A Health Equity Toolkit: Towards Health Care Solutions For AllWellesley Institute
This presentation offers health solutions that will help create a more equitable system.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Health Equity into Action: Building on Partnerships and CollaborationsWellesley Institute
This presentation offers insight on how to put health equity into action by building on partnerships and collaborations.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
This presentation offers insight on how to build health equity.
Dr. Cory Neudorf
CMHO, Saskatoon Health Region
Assistant Professor at the University of Saskatoon
Universal Health Care: The Philippine journey towards accessing quality healt...Albert Domingo
Presentation delivered by WHO Consultant for Health Systems Strengthening Dr Albert Domingo at the University of Santo Tomas, on the occasion of UHC Day 2018.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
Health for all- primary health care- millennium development goalsAhmed-Refat Refat
PHC is the essential care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable method and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost they and the country can afford to maintain in the spirit of self reliance and self determination.
Al
Presentation delivered by Dr Haifa Madi, Director, Health Protection and Promotion at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Insights and Opportunities for the Philippine Medical Student in the ASEAN Co...Albert Domingo
Presentation delivered by Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, MSc at San Beda College Mendiola, during the 49th Annual National Convention of the Association of the Philippine Medical Colleges. Discusses ASEAN integration and the trade in health services, from the perspective of future physicians (i.e. medical students).
Health Equity into Action: Building on Partnerships and CollaborationsWellesley Institute
This presentation offers insight on how to put health equity into action by building on partnerships and collaborations.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
This presentation offers insight on how to build health equity.
Dr. Cory Neudorf
CMHO, Saskatoon Health Region
Assistant Professor at the University of Saskatoon
Universal Health Care: The Philippine journey towards accessing quality healt...Albert Domingo
Presentation delivered by WHO Consultant for Health Systems Strengthening Dr Albert Domingo at the University of Santo Tomas, on the occasion of UHC Day 2018.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
Health for all- primary health care- millennium development goalsAhmed-Refat Refat
PHC is the essential care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable method and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost they and the country can afford to maintain in the spirit of self reliance and self determination.
Al
Presentation delivered by Dr Haifa Madi, Director, Health Protection and Promotion at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Insights and Opportunities for the Philippine Medical Student in the ASEAN Co...Albert Domingo
Presentation delivered by Albert Francis E. Domingo, MD, MSc at San Beda College Mendiola, during the 49th Annual National Convention of the Association of the Philippine Medical Colleges. Discusses ASEAN integration and the trade in health services, from the perspective of future physicians (i.e. medical students).
Foundational Learning in Social Determinants of Health for Health Professionals by Dr. Haydee Encarnacion Garcia. Presented at the Emerging Trends in Nursing Conference at Indiana Wesleyan University on June 1, 2017.
The existing gross inequalities in the health status of people, particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries are of common concern to all countries. Hence, the need for the Alma- Ata declarations which states that health is a basic human right, and that governments should be responsible to assure that right for their citizens and to develop appropriate strategies to fulfill this promise.
Partnering with Patients, Families and Communities for Health: A Global Imper...EngagingPatients
Engagement is an essential tool to improving global health. This report introduces a new framework for engagement to help countries assess current programs and think strategically about future engagement opportunities. It spotlights barriers to engagement and offers concrete examples of effective engagement from around the globe.
Health promotion is, as stated in the 1986 World Health Organization Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
This presentation provides insight on how to drive health equity into action at a community level.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Oral health promotion is a comprehensive approach to enhancing the oral health of
families, communities and populations which both
complements and challenges the approach on which formal
health care systems are based.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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1. S
Urban HEART
Urban Health Equity
Assessment and Response
Tool
CASE STUDY: Gezirat El Warak Giza, Egypt
G DIVYA SRI
2170200224
2. Urban HEART (Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool) 2
INEQUITY IN HEALTH:
A difference in health that is systematic, socially produced (and, therefore, modifiable) and
unfair is an inequity in health
CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES
Systematic differences in health are
not distributed randomly but show a
consistent pattern across the
population. One of the most striking
examples is the systematic
differences in health between
different socioeconomic groups.
This difference is, largely produced by
differential social circumstances and
is not biologically determined.
Inequity is unfair because
(a) we know how to reduce inequities with known interventions and to not take action is unjust;
(b) inequities are avoidable and preventable.
EQUITY IN HEALTH
The World Health Organization Constitution, adopted in 1946, asserted then that “the highest
standards of health should be within reach of all, without distinction of race, religion,
political belief, economic or social condition”. Echoing these sentiments more than 60 years
later, equity in health implies that ideally everyone could attain their full health potential and
that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social
position or other socially determined circumstance.
THREE MAIN APPROACHES TO REDUCE HEALTH INEQUITIES
• targeting disadvantaged population groups or social classes
progress in terms of an improvement in health for the targeted group
only, for example people living in poverty. There is no reference to
improvements in health taking place among the population as a
whole. Any improvement in health of the targeted population can be
considered a success.
.
• narrowing the health gap
starting-point the health of disadvantaged groups relative to the
rest of the population. The focus of action in this category is to
reduce the gap between the worst off in society and the best off –
the inequity in health status between the extremes of the social
scale.
• reducing inequities throughout the whole population
health status tends to decrease with declining socioeconomic
status and is not just an issue of a gap in health between rich and
poor. Therefore, the whole population is taken into consideration,
including middleincome groups, and the goal is to reduce the
inequities by equalizing health opportunities across the
socioeconomic spectrum..
3. 3
INTRODUCING URBAN HEART
WHAT IS URBAN HEART?
The Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) is a user-friendly
guide for policy- and decision-makers at national and local levels to:
• identify and analyse inequities in health between people living in various parts of cities, or
belonging to different socioeconomic groups within and across cities;
• facilitate decisions on viable and effective strategies, interventions and actions that should be
used to reduce inter- and intra-city health inequities.
Urban HEART has four characteristics that are desirable in such a tool:
(a) it is easy to use;
(b) it is comprehensive and inclusive;
(c) it is operationally feasible and sustainable; and
(d) it links evidence to actions.
WHY SHOULD YOU USE URBAN HEART?
The adoption and use of Urban HEART by national and local governments, community
organizations and urbanized or rapidly urbanizing communities is intended to:
• guide policy-makers and key stakeholders to achieve a better understanding of the social
determinants of health and their consequences for people living in a city;
• stimulate policy-makers, programme managers and key stakeholders to make strategic
decisions and prioritize specifi c actions and interventions that are tailored to the needs of
vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in cities;
• assist communities to identify gaps, priorities and required interventions to promote health
equity;
• support programme managers in improving intersectoral collaboration and communication
strategies relating to the social determinants of health.
WHAT IS URBAN HEART EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE?
• local and national authorities equipped with relevant evidence to inform important decisions
related to prioritization and resource allocation;
• communities mobilized and empowered to promote health equity;
• multiple sectors engaged in addressing common goals, including the promotion of health
equity;
• people living in cities with better health and social status, and reduced inequities in health
between population groups.
The tool is based on three essential elements:
•Sound evidence: reliable, representative and comparable data, disaggregated by sex, age,
socio-economic status, major geographical or administrative region, and ethnicity, as
appropriate
•Intersectoral action for health: building relationships beyond the health sector in order to
influence a broad range of health determinants – in particular, working with other government
sectors (e.g., education, transport and public works), community groups and nongovernmental
organizations
•Community participation: involving community members in all aspects of the process, from
planning, designing and implementing interventions to helping ensure that these efforts are
learned from and sustained beyond the initial phase.
Urban HEART (Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool)
4. 4
• It comprises of four phases: assessment, response, policy and programme.
• Monitoring and evaluation take place during each phase.
assessment phase: Urban health inequities are identified in the assessment phase. Evidence
gathered at this stage forms the basis for raising awareness, determining solutions and
promoting action.
response stage: involves identifying appropriate responses, designating key actors, defining
goals and establishing targets. This is an opportunity to engage all relevant sectors and
communities in setting the agenda – determining which policies, programmes and projects
should be introduced, continued, expanded, improved, changed or stopped to achieve equity
goals.
PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION CYCLE
policy stage: the most relevant interventions are
prioritized and budgeted to ensure that they
become part of the local government policymaking
process. Success is measured by the laws,
programmes and interventions implemented.
Programme implementation: hinges on resources
and time frames determined by local authorities.
Health sector programmes implementing pro-
equity health policies are complemented by other
sectors’ actions to bring about health equity.
Monitoring and evaluation encompass both process
and outcomes.
Core indicators
Indicators measuring selected health outcomes and social determinants for different urban
population groups form the basis of the assessment component of Urban HEART. Indicators fall
into two main categories: health outcomes (shown in blue) and social determinants of health
(shown in grey). Twelve core indicators are used across all Urban HEART schemes, allowing
comparison across cities and countries.
Embedding Urban HEART
Urban HEART is primarily a tool to enhance current interventions as part of existing national
and local health planning and programme frameworks. The chosen health equity solutions
should be results-focused, cost-effective and timely; use available local resources where
possible; ensure broad support among affected communities; and comply with national
priorities. Intervention strategies include incorporating health in urban planning and
development, strengthening the role of urban primary health care and promoting an emphasis
on health equity.
Urban HEART (Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool)
5. 5
CASE STUDY
Socioeconomic determinants and health status in Gezirat El Warak Giza, Egypt, 2012
Why Urban HEART in Gezirat El Warak?
Gezirat El Warak island is a residential slum area located in the River Nile in Giza Governorate.
It has relatively poor access to quality health care services (secondary and tertiary), water or
sanitation, and uses a trench sewage disposal system. The island is reached by ferry that stops
working after 8 p.m. On the island the main forms of transportation are tok tok or animals due
to the extremely narrow streets.
Objectives of the project
•Assess the health determinants that affect the
population’s health
•Compare the social determinants of health of Gezirat El
Warak with the national standards
•Determine the gap in health equity between Gezirat El
Warak and the national level.
Process
An orientation workshop was held on 30 June 2011 to brief
stakeholders about the Urban HEART concept and
methodology in Gezirat El Warak. During July 2011, a door-
to-door household survey was conducted and heads of
households interviewed using the survey questionnaire.
The process was conducted with government and
community support and supported technically by the
World Health Organization, Country Office for Egypt.
Urban HEART (Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool)
6. 6
Results
•Red indicates a more than 20% difference in performance compared to national level (>20% diff.)
•Yellow indicates a less than 20% performance compared to national level (<20% difference)
•Green indicates good or similar performance compared to national level
Future directions
• Based on results, city planners need to pay more attention to people’s lifestyles in order to
support healthy behaviours, for ex: designation of no-smoking areas, factors to improve food
safety, and provision of infrastructure to support physical activity, among other things.
• Focus needs to be maintained on access to quality primary health care services and
maintaining current immunization coverage.
• The local authorities need to improve environmental health, including access to water,
sanitation and local transportation facilities.
• Joint efforts between different
• stakeholders are needed to increase the literacy rate among adults, this being an important
social determinant of health.
The following strategies may be considered to support these directions:
❑ •Strengthening community ownership at all stages of planning, implementation and monitoring
❑ •Partnership enhancement and resource mobilization
❑ •Effective sustainable collaboration between the various development sectors, including
health, education, municipality, social welfare, transportation and environment, among others.
Urban HEART (Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool)