3. DEFINITION
• PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develop in response to a
stressful event or situation of exceptionally threatening.
acute -duration of symptoms is less than 3 months.
• chronic- 3 months or more.
• delayed –at least 6 months after the stressors
4. INCIDENCE
8% OF THE GENERAL POPULATION.
WOMEN AT HIGH RISK COMPARED TO MEN.
MOST PREVALENT IN YOUNG ADULTS.
SINGLED, DIVORCED ,WIDOWED ,SOCIALLY WITHDRAWN
OR OF LOW SOCIO ECONOMIC LEVEL.
FIRST DEGREE BIOLOGICAL RELATIVES.
5. RISK FACTORS
LIMITED SOCIAL SUPPORT
HIGH ANXIETY LEVEL .
LOW SELF ESTEEM
.
NEUROTIC AND EXTROVERTED CHARACTERISTICS.
FAMILY HISTORY OF PTSD OR DEPRESSION
HISTORY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.
6. Previous diagnosis of an acute stresas disorder that
failed to resolve within one month.
GENETIC FACTORS
7. ETIOLOGY
THE STRESSORS
INDIVIDUAL VULNERABILITY FACTORS.
BIOLOGICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS.
PSYCHODYNAMIC FACTOR .
BEHAVIOURAL MODEL.
COGNITIVE MODEL
GENETIC FACTOR.
12. BEHAVIOURAL MODEL
The trauma is paired through classical conditioned
stimulus.
Through instrumental learning people develop a pattern
of avoidance of both unconditioned stimulus and
conditioned stimulus.
22. • Flashbacks
• Nightmares
• Feeling of intense
distress
• Avoid activity
• Avoid place
• Loss of interest in
activity
• Feeling of detached
from other
• Self blame
• Hopelessness
• Suicidal thought
• Alone
• Physical aches &
pain
23. DIAGNOSTIC
CHARACTERISTICS
• ACCORDING TO DSM IV
Exposure to traumatic event
persistent rexperience of trauma
consistent and persistent avoidance of stimulii associated with
trauma such as avoiding thoughts or places.being unable to
remain aspects of trauma.
persistent heightened fellings of arousal.
symptoms more than one month.
evidence of impairement in functioning.
36. NURSING MANAGEMENT
establish trust
encourage the patient to express.
use crisis intervention.
deal constructively with patients display of anger.
help the patient to relieve shame and guilt.
review the healing process .
administer medications.
37. COUNSELLING
avoid lonliness.
communicate
engage in exercises.
avoid stimulus which will increase feelings of
nervousness.
eat nourishing food.
understand that emotiion will be labile.
get back into your normal routine
38. continue to spend time with others.
you should expect that you may have relapse.or
triggers of extreme sadness.
expect that you may have trouble concenterating.
try to participate in activities.
try to reach out to others it will remove felling of
hopelessness.
trauma reaction will grow less intense and disapear
within few weeks.
seek profesional help.
39. PROGNOSIS
30% RECOVER COMPLETELY.
40% CONTINUE TO HAVE MILD
SYMPTOMS.
20% EXPERIENCE MODERATE
SYMPTOMS.
10% REMAIN UNCHANGED OR
WORSE.
40. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
POST TRAUMA R/T DISTRESSING EVENT
CONSIDERED TO BE OUTSIDE THE USUAL RANGE
OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE.
DYSFUNCTION GRIEVING R/T LOSS OF SELF AS
PERCIEVED PRIOR TO THE TRAUMA.
ANXIETY R/T POST TRAUMA STRESS RESPONSE
AS EVIDENCED BY POOR SLEEP, IRRITABILITY &
COGNITIVE IMPAIREMENT.
41. COMPROMISED FAMILY COPING R/T
TEMPORARY FAMILY
DISORGANISATION.
POST TRAUMA SYNDROME R/T
PHYSICALAND SEXUALASSAULT.
42. PROGNOSIS
30% RECOVER COMPLETELY.
40% CONTINUE TO HAVE MILD
SYMPTOMS.
20% EXPERIENCE MODERATE
SYMPTOMS.
10% REMAIN UNCHANGED OR
WORSE.