Ethernet and switching
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•727 views
This document discusses Ethernet networking concepts like CSMA/CD, collision domains, Ethernet frames, and switch operation. It explains that switches reduce collision domains by connecting multiple ports and forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses, thereby also reducing broadcast domains. The document also provides information on basic switch configuration and other data link layer protocols like wireless Ethernet, PPP, ATM, DOCSIS, and DSL.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Spanning tree protocol
This is Basic of STP. By that you can able to understand basics of Spanning Tree.
ALSO THIS SLIDE IS JUST FOR KNOWLEDGE.
Tcp header/IP Header/Authentication header
The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol stack and the headers used at each layer.
It describes that TCP works to divide files into packets and send them to workstations, while IP handles routing packets through networks. The TCP header includes fields like source/destination port numbers, sequence numbers, flags, and checksums. The IP header treats the TCP header+data as a datagram and adds its own header fields like version, length, identification, flags, time to live, and source/destination addresses.
An Authentication Header can also be added for security purposes to authenticate senders and protect against modification of packets.
Ipv4 and Ipv6
This document provides information about IPv4 and IPv6 by comparing their key aspects. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for more available addresses. IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal notation while IPv6 uses colon-separated hexadecimal. IPv6 was developed to address limitations in IPv4 such as address space exhaustion and lack of security features. The document outlines differences between the two protocols in areas like packet fragmentation, checksums, and address types.
SCSI(small computer system interface)
This document discusses storage computer interfaces and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) technology. It describes what SCSI is, its history beginning with SASI in 1978, and the various types including internal and external connections. SCSI host adapters, ID assignment, daisy chaining, and termination methods are outlined. Advantages include faster performance than IDE/SATA, support for many devices, and common device characteristics, while disadvantages are higher cost and more complex configuration than newer standards.
MAC & IP addresses
A MAC address is a 48-bit hardware address that uniquely identifies network interfaces for communication in an Ethernet network. It is stored in the network card's firmware and is usually written as 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens. An IP address is a 32-bit logical address that identifies a device on an IP network and can be configured manually or automatically via DHCP. Private IP address ranges like 10.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.0.0/16 are non-routable and used for local area networks.
IPv4 Addressing
This document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 and 6. It describes the key tasks of IP including addressing computers and fragmenting packets. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses while IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses and has improvements like larger address space and better security. The document also covers IP address classes, private addressing, subnetting, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), and address blocks.
Unit 4 - Network Layer
The document discusses topics related to the network layer, including:
1. It describes virtual circuits and datagrams, which are two methods for transferring data across networks.
2. It covers IPv4 addressing concepts such as address space, notations, classful and classless addressing, subnetting, and network address translation.
3. It provides an overview of additional network layer topics like IPv6 addressing, routing algorithms, internet control protocols, and routing protocols.
User datagram protocol (udp)
UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol that runs over IP. It provides an unreliable best-effort service where packets may be lost, delivered out of order, or duplicated. UDP has a small 8-byte header and is lightweight, with no connection establishment or guarantee of delivery. This makes it fast and low overhead, suitable for real-time applications like streaming media where resending lost packets would cause delay.
Recommended
Spanning tree protocol
This is Basic of STP. By that you can able to understand basics of Spanning Tree.
ALSO THIS SLIDE IS JUST FOR KNOWLEDGE.
Tcp header/IP Header/Authentication header
The document discusses the TCP/IP protocol stack and the headers used at each layer.
It describes that TCP works to divide files into packets and send them to workstations, while IP handles routing packets through networks. The TCP header includes fields like source/destination port numbers, sequence numbers, flags, and checksums. The IP header treats the TCP header+data as a datagram and adds its own header fields like version, length, identification, flags, time to live, and source/destination addresses.
An Authentication Header can also be added for security purposes to authenticate senders and protect against modification of packets.
Ipv4 and Ipv6
This document provides information about IPv4 and IPv6 by comparing their key aspects. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for more available addresses. IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal notation while IPv6 uses colon-separated hexadecimal. IPv6 was developed to address limitations in IPv4 such as address space exhaustion and lack of security features. The document outlines differences between the two protocols in areas like packet fragmentation, checksums, and address types.
SCSI(small computer system interface)
This document discusses storage computer interfaces and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) technology. It describes what SCSI is, its history beginning with SASI in 1978, and the various types including internal and external connections. SCSI host adapters, ID assignment, daisy chaining, and termination methods are outlined. Advantages include faster performance than IDE/SATA, support for many devices, and common device characteristics, while disadvantages are higher cost and more complex configuration than newer standards.
MAC & IP addresses
A MAC address is a 48-bit hardware address that uniquely identifies network interfaces for communication in an Ethernet network. It is stored in the network card's firmware and is usually written as 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens. An IP address is a 32-bit logical address that identifies a device on an IP network and can be configured manually or automatically via DHCP. Private IP address ranges like 10.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.0.0/16 are non-routable and used for local area networks.
IPv4 Addressing
This document discusses the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 and 6. It describes the key tasks of IP including addressing computers and fragmenting packets. IP version 4 uses 32-bit addresses while IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses and has improvements like larger address space and better security. The document also covers IP address classes, private addressing, subnetting, Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR), and address blocks.
Unit 4 - Network Layer
The document discusses topics related to the network layer, including:
1. It describes virtual circuits and datagrams, which are two methods for transferring data across networks.
2. It covers IPv4 addressing concepts such as address space, notations, classful and classless addressing, subnetting, and network address translation.
3. It provides an overview of additional network layer topics like IPv6 addressing, routing algorithms, internet control protocols, and routing protocols.
User datagram protocol (udp)
UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol that runs over IP. It provides an unreliable best-effort service where packets may be lost, delivered out of order, or duplicated. UDP has a small 8-byte header and is lightweight, with no connection establishment or guarantee of delivery. This makes it fast and low overhead, suitable for real-time applications like streaming media where resending lost packets would cause delay.
IPV6 ADDRESS
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses used to identify nodes in an IPv6 network. They are conventionally written in hexadecimal colon notation, divided into eight sections of four hexadecimal digits each. IPv6 addresses have a hierarchical structure, with the type prefix in the first bits indicating the address category such as unicast, multicast, anycast, reserved, or local. Unicast addresses are used to identify a single interface, multicast for groups of interfaces, and anycast to select the nearest available node in a group.
IPv4
- The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communications protocol for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. There are two major versions - IPv4 which is the dominant protocol, and IPv6 which is its successor.
- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E). It allows for over 4 billion addresses but deficiencies in the classful addressing system led to address depletion.
- Classless addressing was introduced to overcome depletion by granting variable length address blocks defined by an IP address and network mask. This provides a hierarchical addressing structure and greater flexibility.
Internetworking devices
Networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, and gateways interconnect networks and manage data flow. Hubs operate at the physical layer and connect segments but do not filter traffic. Switches operate at the data link layer and can direct traffic to specific ports for better performance than hubs. Routers operate at the network layer and can connect networks across LANs, MANs, and WANs using IP addressing to route packets. Gateways can operate at multiple layers and act as connections between different network protocols or applications.
Layer 2 switching
Layer 2 switching uses devices' MAC addresses on a LAN to segment a network into multiple collision domains. Switches and bridges are used to break up one large collision domain into smaller ones. Switches have more ports than bridges and can inspect incoming traffic to make forwarding decisions based on destination MAC addresses, placing each port on its own collision domain.
Tcp IP Model
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Application layer protocols
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
Palo alto networks NAT flow logic
The document provides examples and explanations of network address translation (NAT) configurations on Palo Alto Networks next-generation firewalls. It shows how NAT policies work with security policies to translate source and destination IP addresses and apply firewall rules. The first example demonstrates static destination NAT to map any internal address to a single public address. The second example uses source NAT to map a DMZ subnet to an internal address. Flow charts illustrate how the firewall evaluates zones, NAT rules, security rules and applies address translations at each step.
TCP & UDP ( Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol)
This document provides information about the Transport Layer protocols TCP and UDP. It describes:
1) TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, in-order delivery of data through features like flow control, error control, and congestion control. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery or order of packets.
2) The TCP header contains fields for source/destination ports, sequence numbers, acknowledgement numbers, flags, window size, checksum, and options. The UDP header contains fields for source/destination ports, length, and checksum.
3) The main differences between TCP and UDP are that TCP is connection-oriented, provides error control and flow control, and supports full duplex communication
I pv4 format
IPv4 uses datagram switching at the network layer and is connectionless. It includes fields for identification, flags, fragmentation offset, and time to live. IPv6 was developed to address IPv4's inefficient address space, lack of security, and inability to support real-time audio/video. IPv6 features a larger 128-bit address space, better header format, extensions, flow labeling, and more security. A smooth transition involves dual stack, tunneling, or header translation methods.
Presentation on arp protocol
The document discusses address resolution protocol (ARP) which maps logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses on a local area network. It explains that ARP broadcasts a request to find the MAC address associated with a given IP address, and the device with that IP address responds with its MAC. This dynamic address mapping is stored in an ARP cache for future use. It also describes how different network protocols may use ARP or similar methods to perform address mapping between logical and physical addresses.
Cisco Internetworking Operating System (ios)
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating
System) is software used on most Cisco Systems
routers and current Cisco network switches.
(Earlier switches ran CatOS.) IOS is a package of
routing, switching, internetworking and
telecommunications functions integrated into a
multitasking operating system.
DHCP basics
This ppt contains what is dhcp, it's need, advantages, disadvantages, IP address assignment process and types, DHCP architecture and lastly some differences.
Wireless Network security
This document discusses wireless network security. It begins by outlining the security requirements of authentication, confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, availability, and detection/isolation. It then discusses threats to wireless networks like eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Finally, it outlines methods to secure wireless networks, including using encryption, changing default passwords, and implementing the 802.11i security standard to authenticate devices and securely transmit data through techniques like WPA2.
Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv4 uses a datagram format with a header and data. The header contains information for routing and delivery and is 20-60 bytes. It includes fields for the version, length, identification, fragmentation, protocol, and source/destination addresses. Datagrams can be fragmented into smaller pieces if their size exceeds the MTU of a network. Fragments are reassembled at the destination using the identification field. The time to live field limits the number of hops a packet can make to prevent endless routing.
Hidden & exposed terminal problem
This document discusses hidden terminals, exposed terminals, near terminals, and far terminals in wireless networks. It defines a hidden terminal as a situation where terminal A sends to B, but terminal C cannot receive A and causes a collision when it sends to B. An exposed terminal is defined as terminal C waiting to send to D when it does not need to because it is out of range of A. Near and far terminals refer to a situation where the stronger signal from the closer terminal B drowns out the weaker signal from the farther terminal A.
13 palo alto url web filtering concept
https://www.facebook.com/MostafaElLathyIT
mostafa.it@hotmail.com
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEiVvBP3DbIKUcoZBcaHvQ
19 Network Layer Protocols
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
, Datagram Format
, Fragmentation
, Options
, Security of IPv4 Datagrams
,ICMPv4
, MESSAGES
, Debugging Tools
, ICMP Checksum
, MOBILE IP
, Addressing
, Agents
, Three Phases
, Inefficiency in Mobile IP
Cisco Networking (Routing and Switching)
Cisco Networking ppt, ppt contains an upperview of cisco packet tracer and how to create to create a network in it.
Network devices
Network devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches and routers are used to extend and segment networks. Repeaters regenerate signals to increase cable length while hubs connect cables without regeneration. Bridges segment networks at the data link layer using MAC addresses. Switches increase performance by opening virtual circuits between devices. Routers connect multiple networks at the network layer using IP addresses and dynamic routing.
Token bus
The document discusses Token Bus, which combines features of Ethernet and Token Ring. It operates as a physical bus but with stations logically organized into a ring, passing a token among them. Only the station holding the token can transmit data. Token Bus was limited to industrial applications and saw no commercial use for data communication. It uses the token passing mechanism over a physical bus topology at the data link layer.
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final Presentation
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system allows users to select different antennas through a mobile or PC interface. Experimental results found the attenuation loss and return loss to be acceptable. Going forward, the researchers suggest developing cross-platform mobile applications, integrating the system with software-defined radios, and using more accurate measurement instruments.
Q1 On Ch08 Ethernet Switching
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts. It discusses ways to reduce collisions in a LAN, such as reducing collision domains or adding managed switches. It also covers switching techniques like cut-through switching, which transfers frames as soon as the destination MAC is read, and store-and-forward switching. Additional topics include BPDUs, broadcast storms, and factors routers use to make forwarding decisions like destination IP addresses.
More Related Content
What's hot
IPV6 ADDRESS
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses used to identify nodes in an IPv6 network. They are conventionally written in hexadecimal colon notation, divided into eight sections of four hexadecimal digits each. IPv6 addresses have a hierarchical structure, with the type prefix in the first bits indicating the address category such as unicast, multicast, anycast, reserved, or local. Unicast addresses are used to identify a single interface, multicast for groups of interfaces, and anycast to select the nearest available node in a group.
IPv4
- The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communications protocol for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. There are two major versions - IPv4 which is the dominant protocol, and IPv6 which is its successor.
- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E). It allows for over 4 billion addresses but deficiencies in the classful addressing system led to address depletion.
- Classless addressing was introduced to overcome depletion by granting variable length address blocks defined by an IP address and network mask. This provides a hierarchical addressing structure and greater flexibility.
Internetworking devices
Networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, and gateways interconnect networks and manage data flow. Hubs operate at the physical layer and connect segments but do not filter traffic. Switches operate at the data link layer and can direct traffic to specific ports for better performance than hubs. Routers operate at the network layer and can connect networks across LANs, MANs, and WANs using IP addressing to route packets. Gateways can operate at multiple layers and act as connections between different network protocols or applications.
Layer 2 switching
Layer 2 switching uses devices' MAC addresses on a LAN to segment a network into multiple collision domains. Switches and bridges are used to break up one large collision domain into smaller ones. Switches have more ports than bridges and can inspect incoming traffic to make forwarding decisions based on destination MAC addresses, placing each port on its own collision domain.
Tcp IP Model
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Application layer protocols
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
Palo alto networks NAT flow logic
The document provides examples and explanations of network address translation (NAT) configurations on Palo Alto Networks next-generation firewalls. It shows how NAT policies work with security policies to translate source and destination IP addresses and apply firewall rules. The first example demonstrates static destination NAT to map any internal address to a single public address. The second example uses source NAT to map a DMZ subnet to an internal address. Flow charts illustrate how the firewall evaluates zones, NAT rules, security rules and applies address translations at each step.
TCP & UDP ( Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol)
This document provides information about the Transport Layer protocols TCP and UDP. It describes:
1) TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable, in-order delivery of data through features like flow control, error control, and congestion control. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery or order of packets.
2) The TCP header contains fields for source/destination ports, sequence numbers, acknowledgement numbers, flags, window size, checksum, and options. The UDP header contains fields for source/destination ports, length, and checksum.
3) The main differences between TCP and UDP are that TCP is connection-oriented, provides error control and flow control, and supports full duplex communication
I pv4 format
IPv4 uses datagram switching at the network layer and is connectionless. It includes fields for identification, flags, fragmentation offset, and time to live. IPv6 was developed to address IPv4's inefficient address space, lack of security, and inability to support real-time audio/video. IPv6 features a larger 128-bit address space, better header format, extensions, flow labeling, and more security. A smooth transition involves dual stack, tunneling, or header translation methods.
Presentation on arp protocol
The document discusses address resolution protocol (ARP) which maps logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses on a local area network. It explains that ARP broadcasts a request to find the MAC address associated with a given IP address, and the device with that IP address responds with its MAC. This dynamic address mapping is stored in an ARP cache for future use. It also describes how different network protocols may use ARP or similar methods to perform address mapping between logical and physical addresses.
Cisco Internetworking Operating System (ios)
Cisco IOS (originally Internetwork Operating
System) is software used on most Cisco Systems
routers and current Cisco network switches.
(Earlier switches ran CatOS.) IOS is a package of
routing, switching, internetworking and
telecommunications functions integrated into a
multitasking operating system.
DHCP basics
This ppt contains what is dhcp, it's need, advantages, disadvantages, IP address assignment process and types, DHCP architecture and lastly some differences.
Wireless Network security
This document discusses wireless network security. It begins by outlining the security requirements of authentication, confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, availability, and detection/isolation. It then discusses threats to wireless networks like eavesdropping, denial of service attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Finally, it outlines methods to secure wireless networks, including using encryption, changing default passwords, and implementing the 802.11i security standard to authenticate devices and securely transmit data through techniques like WPA2.
Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv4 uses a datagram format with a header and data. The header contains information for routing and delivery and is 20-60 bytes. It includes fields for the version, length, identification, fragmentation, protocol, and source/destination addresses. Datagrams can be fragmented into smaller pieces if their size exceeds the MTU of a network. Fragments are reassembled at the destination using the identification field. The time to live field limits the number of hops a packet can make to prevent endless routing.
Hidden & exposed terminal problem
This document discusses hidden terminals, exposed terminals, near terminals, and far terminals in wireless networks. It defines a hidden terminal as a situation where terminal A sends to B, but terminal C cannot receive A and causes a collision when it sends to B. An exposed terminal is defined as terminal C waiting to send to D when it does not need to because it is out of range of A. Near and far terminals refer to a situation where the stronger signal from the closer terminal B drowns out the weaker signal from the farther terminal A.
13 palo alto url web filtering concept
https://www.facebook.com/MostafaElLathyIT
mostafa.it@hotmail.com
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEiVvBP3DbIKUcoZBcaHvQ
19 Network Layer Protocols
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)
, Datagram Format
, Fragmentation
, Options
, Security of IPv4 Datagrams
,ICMPv4
, MESSAGES
, Debugging Tools
, ICMP Checksum
, MOBILE IP
, Addressing
, Agents
, Three Phases
, Inefficiency in Mobile IP
Cisco Networking (Routing and Switching)
Cisco Networking ppt, ppt contains an upperview of cisco packet tracer and how to create to create a network in it.
Network devices
Network devices like repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches and routers are used to extend and segment networks. Repeaters regenerate signals to increase cable length while hubs connect cables without regeneration. Bridges segment networks at the data link layer using MAC addresses. Switches increase performance by opening virtual circuits between devices. Routers connect multiple networks at the network layer using IP addresses and dynamic routing.
Token bus
The document discusses Token Bus, which combines features of Ethernet and Token Ring. It operates as a physical bus but with stations logically organized into a ring, passing a token among them. Only the station holding the token can transmit data. Token Bus was limited to industrial applications and saw no commercial use for data communication. It uses the token passing mechanism over a physical bus topology at the data link layer.
What's hot (20)
TCP & UDP ( Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol)
TCP & UDP ( Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol)
Viewers also liked
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final Presentation
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system allows users to select different antennas through a mobile or PC interface. Experimental results found the attenuation loss and return loss to be acceptable. Going forward, the researchers suggest developing cross-platform mobile applications, integrating the system with software-defined radios, and using more accurate measurement instruments.
Q1 On Ch08 Ethernet Switching
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts. It discusses ways to reduce collisions in a LAN, such as reducing collision domains or adding managed switches. It also covers switching techniques like cut-through switching, which transfers frames as soon as the destination MAC is read, and store-and-forward switching. Additional topics include BPDUs, broadcast storms, and factors routers use to make forwarding decisions like destination IP addresses.
Avaya ethernet switching portfolio presentation [level 3 - tdi][1]
The document provides an overview of Avaya's Ethernet switching portfolio, including key highlights and positioning of their modular, stackable, and access switching product lines. It describes features such as high performance, resiliency, virtualization, quality of service, security, and energy efficiency. The presentation also outlines Avaya's roadmap and investment strategy for Ethernet switching technology.
Cisco CCNA module 8
This document discusses Ethernet switching and how switches work to segment collision domains to improve network performance. It explains that switches divide the network into smaller collision domains by learning MAC addresses and directing traffic only to relevant ports. This reduces bandwidth-limiting broadcast traffic and allows for full-duplex communication between connected devices without collisions. The document also covers spanning tree protocol, switch operation modes, and how routers further segment broadcast domains.
Ethernet technology
The document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It describes how the original Ethernet standard was established in 1980 and details the physical media and frame sizes used. It also explains how Ethernet addresses devices using unique 48-bit MAC addresses for unicast, multicast using addresses starting with 01-00-5E, and broadcast using all ones. The document also briefly mentions CSMA/CD and how Ethernet has expanded beyond local area networks up to 1 Gbps.
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System : Progress Presentation
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by S. Lerdnantawat and W. Amasiri of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system uses an OMRON G2RL-1-E relay to switch between different radio antennas and allows control via an Android application, PC application or web browser. It provides monitoring of connection status, switching status and IP address.
CCNA R&S-09-Configuring Ethernet Switching
This document discusses configuring security on Ethernet switches. It covers securing the command line interface (CLI) with passwords, usernames and encryption. It describes how to configure secure shell (SSH) for encrypted access. Methods for securing access include using simple passwords, local usernames/passwords, and external authentication servers. The document also covers encrypting passwords, configuring banners, and other security-related commands.
Ch 08 -- Ethernet & LAN Switching Troubleshooting
This chapter provides a brief discussion on what to look for in Ethernet and LAN switching when you troubleshoot a network with Wireshark
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch Configuration
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
Viewers also liked (9)
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final Presentation
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final Presentation
Avaya ethernet switching portfolio presentation [level 3 - tdi][1]
Avaya ethernet switching portfolio presentation [level 3 - tdi][1]
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System : Progress Presentation
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System : Progress Presentation
Similar to Ethernet and switching
SATA Protocol
This document discusses the history and technical details of Serial ATA (SATA) storage interfaces. It covers:
- The evolution of parallel ATA standards over time and their limitations that led to SATA.
- The key benefits of SATA including smaller connectors, higher speeds, and support for multiple devices via point-to-point connections.
- An overview of the SATA architecture and protocol stack, including the physical, link, and transport layers.
- Details of the physical layer such as connectors, cabling, and out-of-band signaling.
- How the link layer implements 8b/10b encoding, scrambling, frame structure, and flow control primitives.
Storage interface sata_pata
Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA replaces the older AT Attachment standard (later referred to as Parallel ATA or PATA), offering several advantages over the older interface: reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars . It is based on the standand of ieee802.15.4 and data sheet of the radio transceiver cc2420.
Note that some slides are borrowed.
ethernet.ppt
Ethernet is a widely used shared access network technology where multiple nodes share the same physical link. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control protocol. When a node has a packet to transmit, it first listens to ensure the link is idle before transmitting. If a collision is detected during transmission, the node stops transmitting and performs exponential backoff before retransmitting. This helps ensure fair access among nodes. Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet were later developed to provide higher bandwidths up to 1Gbps while maintaining compatibility with Ethernet's CSMA/CD protocol.
ethernet.ppt
Ethernet is a widely used shared access network technology where multiple nodes share the same physical link. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control protocol. When a node has a packet to transmit, it first listens to ensure the link is idle before transmitting. If a collision is detected during transmission, the node stops transmitting and performs exponential backoff before retransmitting. This helps ensure fair access among nodes. Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet were later developed to provide higher bandwidths up to 1Gbps while maintaining compatibility with Ethernet's CSMA/CD protocol.
Networking basics
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network components, layers of the OSI model, network structures, IP addressing, subnetting, routing, and TCP/IP protocols. Key points covered include the core, distribution, and access layers of a network hierarchy; functions of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers; MAC addressing; IP addressing classes and subnetting; TCP and port numbers; and routing protocols.
Computer Networking 101
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts across the OSI 7-layer model. It describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, and routers. It explains layers of the TCP/IP model including physical layer standards, data link protocols, IP addressing, TCP and UDP, and application layer protocols like DNS, DHCP, and HTTP. It also covers topics like wired and wireless connectivity standards, network security, and basic troubleshooting tools.
Is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in this digital world?
Historically, professional two-way radio has dealt with the problem of congested spectrum/channels by narrowing the channel spacing, i.e. 50 kHz -> 25 kHz -> 12.5 kHz -> 6.25 kHz, but with new technologies emerging and vast advancements in spectral efficiency Paul Daigneault asks if this is really necessary and, more importantly, is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in the digital world?
This presentation considers the narrowband two-way radio technologies at present and weighs up options of the old FDMA analog network versus its newer digital 'successor'.
Paul Daigneault, CEO, MiMOMax Wireless
Ethernet copy
Ethernet is a widely used shared access network technology where multiple nodes share the same physical link. It uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) as its media access control protocol. When a node has a packet to transmit, it first listens to ensure the link is idle before transmitting. If a collision is detected during transmission, the node stops transmitting and performs exponential backoff before retransmitting. This helps ensure fair access among nodes. Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet were later developed to provide higher bandwidths up to 1Gbps while maintaining compatibility with Ethernet's CSMA/CD protocol.
IT8602 Mobile Communication - Unit III
The document provides information about wireless networks and standards including IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, and WiMAX. It discusses the goals and architecture of wireless LANs and PANs, as well as standards like IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, and their protocols. Key topics covered include the IEEE 802.11 standard including physical layer specifications and MAC architecture, Bluetooth architecture and piconet/scatternet topologies, and protocols in the Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 stacks.
SAI Design and Verification Specs
The SAI interface (Serial Audio Interface) is a peripheral that communicates with external audio devices, supporting a wide set of audio protocols:
PDM Interface (Pulse Density Modulation)
I2S Philips standards, (Inter-IC Sound)
SPDIF Output, (Sony/Philips Digital InterFace)
PCM, (Pulse Code Modulation)
TDM, (Time Division Multiplexing)
AC’97, (Audio Codec ’97 from Intel)
Bluetooth.ppt
Bluetooth is a wireless technology named after the 10th-century Danish king Harald Bluetooth. It allows for short-range wireless connections between devices like headsets, computers, and cell phones. Bluetooth devices operate on a shared frequency hopping spread spectrum that allows multiple devices to operate within range without interference. Devices can operate in a piconet, where one device acts as the master that controls communication, or scatternets, where devices participate in multiple overlapping piconets. Bluetooth provides security features like authentication and encryption to securely transmit data between connected devices.
Bluetooth.ppt
King Harald Bluetooth unified warring Viking tribes in the 10th century. In the 21st century, a wireless Bluetooth network is named after him. Bluetooth allows for personal ad-hoc networks, cable replacement, and landline data/voice access through access points. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band using frequency hopping and supports data rates up to 1Mbps.
3-MACSublayer.ppt
This document summarizes the medium access control (MAC) sublayer. It discusses functions like carrier sensing, collision detection, and dynamic channel allocation protocols. It provides details on MAC protocols including ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD (Ethernet), switched Ethernet, and wireless LANs. The key technologies and frame structures are explained for each protocol.
MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL Sublayer IN CN.ppt
The document discusses the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and various MAC protocols. It begins by explaining the channel allocation problem and describing static and dynamic channel allocation technologies. It then provides details on several dynamic channel allocation protocols including ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD (Ethernet), switched Ethernet, and wireless LANs. For each protocol, it describes key aspects such as how they determine when a node can transmit, use of carrier sensing, collision detection and resolution, and frame structure. The goal of the MAC sublayer is to efficiently share access to the transmission medium among multiple nodes.
Ethernet_Networking2.ppt
The document discusses collision and broadcast domains in Ethernet networking. It defines a collision domain as a set of devices that could experience frame collisions and a broadcast domain as a set of NICs that will receive broadcast frames from one another. It describes Ethernet implementations like 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseT with hubs and switches. Hubs create a single collision domain while switches create multiple collision domains with full-duplex ports. The document also covers Ethernet addressing, framing, cabling, encapsulation, and LAN design models.
Bluetooth mobileip
- Bluetooth allows for connection of peripheral devices like headsets and joysticks through short-range wireless communication. It uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4GHz band for robust connectivity.
- Bluetooth devices can operate in a piconet with one master device and up to seven slave devices. Multiple piconets can interconnect to form a scatternet, allowing many devices to communicate in an area.
- The Bluetooth protocol stack includes layers for radio transmission, baseband control, link management, logical link/multiplexing, service discovery, and adoption of protocols like TCP/IP, OBEX, and telephony control.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
This chapter starts with discussing the key elements of ethernet/802.3 networks such as CSMA/CD, communication using unicast, multicast, and broadcast, the ethernet frame, MAC address, duplex settings, half-duplex and full-duplex, switch port settings, auto-MDIX, and the switch MAC table.
After that, there is a discussion about the design considerations for Ethernet networks such as bandwidth, throughput, goodput, collision domains, broadcast domains, LAN segmentation, and network latency.
Switch forwarding modes: store and forward and cut-through and the difference between symmetric and asymmetric switching.
Memory Buffering: port-based memory and shared memory.
The difference between layer 3 switches and routers.
Cisco switch CLI commands, accessing the history, switch boot sequence and recovering from system crash.
Managing the MAC address table, dynamic MAC addresses and static MAC addresses and backing configuration files to a TFTP server.
Configuring switch passwords and password recovery, configuring telnet and SSH.
Common Security Attacks such as MAC address flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks and telnet attacks.
Switch port security, sticky port security and security violation modes: protect, restrict and shutdown and verifying poert security
CCNA- part 8 switch
The document discusses the differences between hubs, switches, bridges and routers. Hubs operate at the physical layer using broadcasting, while switches are intelligent devices that operate at the data link layer using MAC addresses to reduce broadcasting. Spanning tree protocol is used to prevent loops when there are redundant links between switches by blocking certain ports.
Usr gprs232-730 spec-eng
USR-GPRS232-730 is a low-power GPRS serial device terminal (DTU) that allows RS-232 and RS-485 devices to transmit data over GPRS and GSM networks. It supports transparent data transmission between serial ports and GPRS networks using AT commands. The DTU has an aluminum alloy case, supports TCP/IP protocols, virtual serial ports, and network connection on up to 4 channels simultaneously using a single SIM card.
Similar to Ethernet and switching (20)
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars
WSN protocol 802.15.4 together with cc2420 seminars
Is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in this digital world?
Is there still room for linking narrowband PMR sites in this digital world?
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch2 - Basic Switch Concepts and Configuration
Recently uploaded
快速办理(Vic毕业证书)惠灵顿维多利亚大学毕业证完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Vic毕业证书)惠灵顿维多利亚大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版新西兰林肯大学毕业证(Lincoln毕业证书)学历如何办理
原版办【微信号:95270640】【新西兰林肯大学毕业证(Lincoln毕业证书)】【微信号:95270640】《成绩单、外壳、雅思、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
一比一原版(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uc毕业证书)加拿大卡尔加里大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Bengaluru Dreamin' 24 - Personal Branding
Session on Personal Branding presented at Bengaluru Dreamin
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process Hollowing
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
快速办理(新加坡SMU毕业证书)新加坡管理大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(新加坡SMU毕业证书)新加坡管理大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
怎么办理(umiami毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学毕业证文凭证书实拍图原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(umiami毕业证书)美国迈阿密大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
How to make a complaint to the police for Social Media Fraud.pdf
How to make a complaint to the police for Social Media Fraud.pdf
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Recently uploaded (11)
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process Hollowing
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process Hollowing
How to make a complaint to the police for Social Media Fraud.pdf
How to make a complaint to the police for Social Media Fraud.pdf
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...
Ethernet and switching
- 1. Ethernet and Switching Hari Utomo SME Pre-Sales
- 2. Topic • CSMA CD • Collision Domain • Ethernet Frame • Switch Operation – Collision Domain – Switch Operation • Broadcast Domain
- 3. CSMA CD CSMA CD Controls access in shared Media, if there is a collision, it is detected and frame are retransmitted
- 5. Ethernet Frame Destination MAC Address Source MAC Address Type Data FCS 48 Bits 48 Bits 16 Bits Varies 32bit s Type : 0x0800 IPv4 0x86DD IPv6 FCS : Uses CRC for hash , Used for error checking
- 7. Switches
- 8. Collision Domain Collision domain Collision domain Collision domain
- 9. Switch Operation Switchport Number Address 1 A 2 B 3 C A 1 B C 2 3
- 10. Broadcast Domain
- 12. SWITCH CONFIGURATION • Basic Security Configuration – Line console 0 – Line VTY 0 4 – Hostname – Banner – Privileged Mode : Enable secret <password> • Virtual Address – Interface Vlan 1 – Add IP address
- 13. Other Data Link Layer Protocol • Ethernet 802.3 – 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps , 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps and more • Wireless Ethernet (802.11 a,b,g,n,ac) – 54 Mbps and 300 Mbps Wireless Hub • Point to point protocol (PPP) over serial link – 600 baud – 56 K, 256 Kbps – 1.5Mbps, 44 Mbps • ATM • DOCSIS ( Data Over Cable Interface Spesification) Protocol to send data over coax cable • Digital Subscriber Line Protocol to send data over two wire telephone line