The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts. It discusses ways to reduce collisions in a LAN, such as reducing collision domains or adding managed switches. It also covers switching techniques like cut-through switching, which transfers frames as soon as the destination MAC is read, and store-and-forward switching. Additional topics include BPDUs, broadcast storms, and factors routers use to make forwarding decisions like destination IP addresses.
Q1 On Ch10 Routing Fundamentals And Subnetsjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, and the OSI model. Specifically, it asks about determining the subnet address from an IP and subnet mask, benefits of subnetting, minimum bits that can be borrowed for subnetting, link-state routing protocols, routing protocol metrics, facts that can be determined from a subnet mask, the router function of path determination, routed protocols, effects of broadcast storms, processes in packet switching, parts of the IP packet header, non-routable protocols, the field that prevents endless loops, protocols that route based on network number only, and the OSI layer that provides reliable connections.
Q1 On Ch09 Tcpip Protocol Suite And Ip Addressingjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers from a Cisco networking basics chapter. It tests knowledge of networking concepts like protocols, network layers, IP addressing, and the OSI model. Some key points covered include that TFTP uses UDP, devices need the destination MAC address to communicate locally, and servers should have static IP addresses assigned by an administrator.
The Lite Linke suite of MTP® Elite solutions utilises best in-class components, bespoke design and UK manufacturing to meet the challenges your network experiences today and tomorrow - in a turnaround time unmatched in the Data center and Telecom industry.
This document discusses Cisco networking products and preparing network connections. It describes Cisco switches like the Catalyst 1900 and 2800 series switches. It explains their chassis, ports, LED indicators, and how to power them on. It also discusses Cisco routers and recommends different product lines for home, small office, branch office, and central site solutions. The document provides information on identifying and understanding Cisco networking hardware before making physical connections.
1. The document describes a lesson on cryptographic systems that includes objectives, concepts, and examples.
2. Some key concepts covered are encryption, hashes, digital signatures, and how they provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data.
3. Examples of encryption techniques described include transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers like the Caesar cipher, and the Vigenère cipher table.
This document discusses the benefits of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) for reducing latency. It states that 10GE allows for lower CPU utilization and reduced latency within servers compared to Gigabit Ethernet. It also discusses that while Infiniband promised low latency, it required application rewrites and added complexity due to needing translation to Ethernet outside local networks. The document explores 10GE cabling options like SFP+ which provide the lowest latency, and network interface cards that support technologies like RDMA for further reducing latency within servers. With the right hardware and software, organizations can see over an 80% reduction in overall end-to-end latency by moving from Gigabit Ethernet to 10GE.
The document summarizes a CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition book that covers the CCNA 640-802 exam syllabus. It contains theory and practical knowledge needed to pass the CCNA exam and work as a network engineer. The book includes lab setups and outputs to verify concepts. Obtaining this guide is described as the best investment for becoming an accomplished network engineer.
Understanding CleanAir Technology to improve enterprise WLAN spectrum managementCisco Mobility
Managing the Radio Frequency and Spectrum is a critical challenge for modern WLAN networks especially with advanced applications like VoWLAN. This session looks at the theory of operations and best practices for taking advantage of Radio Resource Management and usage of several tools included or available from Cisco like ´Planning Mode´ and ´Cisco Spectrum Expert´. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/cleanair
Q1 On Ch10 Routing Fundamentals And Subnetsjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts such as IP addressing, subnetting, routing protocols, and the OSI model. Specifically, it asks about determining the subnet address from an IP and subnet mask, benefits of subnetting, minimum bits that can be borrowed for subnetting, link-state routing protocols, routing protocol metrics, facts that can be determined from a subnet mask, the router function of path determination, routed protocols, effects of broadcast storms, processes in packet switching, parts of the IP packet header, non-routable protocols, the field that prevents endless loops, protocols that route based on network number only, and the OSI layer that provides reliable connections.
Q1 On Ch09 Tcpip Protocol Suite And Ip Addressingjerometnewman
The document contains questions and answers from a Cisco networking basics chapter. It tests knowledge of networking concepts like protocols, network layers, IP addressing, and the OSI model. Some key points covered include that TFTP uses UDP, devices need the destination MAC address to communicate locally, and servers should have static IP addresses assigned by an administrator.
The Lite Linke suite of MTP® Elite solutions utilises best in-class components, bespoke design and UK manufacturing to meet the challenges your network experiences today and tomorrow - in a turnaround time unmatched in the Data center and Telecom industry.
This document discusses Cisco networking products and preparing network connections. It describes Cisco switches like the Catalyst 1900 and 2800 series switches. It explains their chassis, ports, LED indicators, and how to power them on. It also discusses Cisco routers and recommends different product lines for home, small office, branch office, and central site solutions. The document provides information on identifying and understanding Cisco networking hardware before making physical connections.
1. The document describes a lesson on cryptographic systems that includes objectives, concepts, and examples.
2. Some key concepts covered are encryption, hashes, digital signatures, and how they provide confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data.
3. Examples of encryption techniques described include transposition ciphers, substitution ciphers like the Caesar cipher, and the Vigenère cipher table.
This document discusses the benefits of 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) for reducing latency. It states that 10GE allows for lower CPU utilization and reduced latency within servers compared to Gigabit Ethernet. It also discusses that while Infiniband promised low latency, it required application rewrites and added complexity due to needing translation to Ethernet outside local networks. The document explores 10GE cabling options like SFP+ which provide the lowest latency, and network interface cards that support technologies like RDMA for further reducing latency within servers. With the right hardware and software, organizations can see over an 80% reduction in overall end-to-end latency by moving from Gigabit Ethernet to 10GE.
The document summarizes a CCNA Complete Guide 2nd Edition book that covers the CCNA 640-802 exam syllabus. It contains theory and practical knowledge needed to pass the CCNA exam and work as a network engineer. The book includes lab setups and outputs to verify concepts. Obtaining this guide is described as the best investment for becoming an accomplished network engineer.
Understanding CleanAir Technology to improve enterprise WLAN spectrum managementCisco Mobility
Managing the Radio Frequency and Spectrum is a critical challenge for modern WLAN networks especially with advanced applications like VoWLAN. This session looks at the theory of operations and best practices for taking advantage of Radio Resource Management and usage of several tools included or available from Cisco like ´Planning Mode´ and ´Cisco Spectrum Expert´. Learn More: http://www.cisco.com/go/cleanair
This chapter introduces fundamental networking concepts including networking principles, types of networks, networking components, LAN topologies, standards organizations, Ethernet standards, the OSI and TCP/IP models, configuring network interfaces, and network troubleshooting. It aims to provide students with the knowledge needed to install devices on a network and understand basic networking concepts. The chapter covers various networking terms and technologies and includes worksheets, labs, and Packet Tracer activities for students.
This document summarizes Jeff Schmidt's presentation on Telstra's deployment of IPv6 for mobiles. Key points include:
1) Telstra implemented IPv6 to future-proof their network and address IPv4 depletion issues, using dual-stack and 464XLAT architectures.
2) Business drivers were addressing the growing traffic demand and enabling new technologies like IoT, while technical drivers addressed IPv4 depletion and inefficiencies.
3) The deployment included addressing and subnetting plans, network security designs, and testing multiple deployment models.
- Palo Alto Networks provides a next-generation firewall platform that can identify applications, users, and content to enable safe application usage while protecting against both known and unknown threats. This is achieved through technologies like App-ID, User-ID, Content-ID, WildFire, and SP3 architecture.
- The platform offers high performance, visibility, control, and threat prevention across applications, users, and content to replace traditional firewalls and security tools in a single device. This allows for a simplified security posture.
- Palo Alto Networks has seen strong revenue growth and increased its global customer base significantly in recent years, showing the success of its disruptive next-generation firewall approach.
This document discusses Juniper's data center fabric architecture. It begins by outlining challenges in modern data centers like scale, performance, virtualization support and complexity reduction. It then defines an ideal network fabric with attributes of performance, scalability and resiliency. Juniper's QFabric architecture is presented as separating the data plane across interconnect and edge devices while keeping a federated control and single point of management to achieve the properties of a single logical switch. Hardware components of the QFabric including interconnect and edge nodes are also introduced.
This white paper discusses various transition technologies that service providers need to support both IPv4 and IPv6 networks during the lengthy transition period to IPv6. It covers dual-stack networking, different types of network address translation (NAT44, NAT64, NAT444, etc.), and various tunneling methods like 6rd, DS-Lite, and IPv6 in MPLS. Dual-stack is preferred but requires maintaining both protocols. NAT extended the life of IPv4 by allowing private addressing but broke the end-to-end IP model. Transition technologies aim to provide a smooth path to the full deployment of IPv6 while still supporting legacy IPv4 devices and applications.
This document provides an overview of virtual private networks (VPNs) and Cisco's implementation of VPN technologies. It describes the purpose and types of VPNs, including site-to-site and remote access VPNs. The document focuses on IPsec VPNs, explaining the IPsec framework, protocols, modes, authentication methods, and key exchange process. It also provides instructions for configuring IPsec VPNs through both the command line interface and Cisco Secure Device Manager.
The Anue 5200 Net Tool Optimizer from Ixia helps maximize ROI from existing network monitoring tools by improving network visibility, optimizing tool utilization, and boosting staff productivity. It extends network monitoring coverage and scales to high-density and 40G networks while allowing expensive tools to monitor faster links. This reduces tool costs and overhead while simplifying monitoring. It also adds security by controlling access between core devices and tools.
The document outlines the topics covered in a CCNA Security evening seminar. The course teaches network security concepts and hands-on skills for entry-level security jobs. Topics include securing routers, implementing AAA, using ACLs to mitigate threats, secure network management, Layer 2 attacks, firewalls, IPS, and site-to-site VPNs. The course prepares students for the CCNA Security certification exam and provides skills for careers in network security support, administration, and specialist roles.
Webinar: eFolder Expert Series:Three Myths of Cloud Recovery RevealedDropbox
The document summarizes cloud recovery and discusses three myths of cloud recovery. It introduces eFolder Continuity Cloud, which offers a flexible pricing model for cloud-based disaster recovery. Key points covered include that cloud recovery can be cost-effective through predictable monthly pricing and does not require large upfront commitments. It also allows complex network configurations through virtualization.
Fibre optic connections are often assumed to be secure, but they can be tapped. Senetas, a company that develops high-speed network encryption technology, explains how fibre tapping can be done with readily available devices. With some technical knowledge and effort, optical fibres can be tapped without detection by splicing into or polishing the fibres to create an evanescent wave coupler that splits the signal. While difficult, motivated attackers could potentially intercept transmitted data this way if not encrypted. Senetas recommends encryption to protect valuable data and discusses their CN range of encryptors that provide full-duplex encryption up to 10Gbps with low latency.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF, by Santanu Dasgupta.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 APNIC Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF session on Tue, 8 Sep 2015.
NFV is an initiative to virtualize network functions that were previously carried out by dedicated hardware. Alten Calsoft is a pioneer in the NFV space since 2012 and is a member of ETSI NFV ISG. NFV works by decoupling network functions like routers, firewalls, and load balancers from dedicated hardware devices and running them as virtual machines on commercial off-the-shelf servers. A hypervisor manages the virtual machines and allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware processor or host. Virtual machines can imitate multiple virtual hardware platforms in an isolated manner and enable operating systems like Linux or Windows server to run on the same physical host, saving costs by reducing physical hardware systems.
We will also discuss optimizations for MPI collectives communications, that are frequently used for processes synchronization and show how their performance is critical for scalable, high-performance applications.
Content aware p2 p video streaming with lowlatencyxiaoran815
1) The document describes a content-aware peer-to-peer video streaming system called Stanford P2P Multicast (SPPM) that uses an overlay network of multiple multicast trees to distribute video with low latency.
2) SPPM employs local retransmission and a Congestion-Distortion Optimized scheduler to prioritize more important video packets and mitigate packet loss.
3) Experiments on PlanetLab showed that SPPM provides high video quality, fewer frame freezes, and fast startup delays on average of 5 seconds.
Deploying HPC Cluster with Mellanox InfiniBand Interconnect Solutions Mellanox Technologies
This document provides guidance on deploying a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster with Mellanox InfiniBand interconnect solutions. It covers designing a fat-tree topology, performance calculations, communication library and quality of service support, subnet manager configuration, installation, verification and testing procedures. Best practices for cabling, labeling, and stress testing the cluster are also outlined.
The document provides an overview and agenda for optimizing a Wi-Fi network. It discusses optimizing the physical layer by properly placing access points to ensure adequate coverage and overlapping signals to allow for seamless roaming. It also discusses optimizing the data link layer by adjusting settings like SSIDs, transmission power levels, and channels to improve performance, capacity and roaming. Tools like Cisco Prime and WLCCA are recommended to analyze settings like channels, power levels, and neighbor relations to validate that RF resource management is working correctly.
An experimental study of the skype peer to-peer vo ip systemxiaoran815
This document summarizes an experimental study of the Skype peer-to-peer VoIP system conducted from September 2005 to January 2006. The study collected over 82 million data points on the number of online clients, supernodes, and their traffic characteristics. Key findings include that the number of active Skype clients shows daily and weekly patterns correlated with normal working hours, supernode population is relatively stable reducing churn, and typical bandwidth usage of supernodes is relatively low even when relaying VoIP traffic. The study aims to further understanding of a significant P2P VoIP system and provide data useful for modeling such systems.
Cache Consistency – Requirements and its packet processing Performance implic...Michelle Holley
The audio starts at 9:00 due to a glitch while recording.
The topic can be as well stated as “All Processor Accesses are not created equally” – H/W and S/W Synergy – Methods and Mechanism:
- The developers in the audience, throughout the class, will wear different hats – first as a hard design engineer and look at platform design choices.
- Then they will wear the hat of driver developer and see the requirements and assumptions of driver on the hardware behavior.
- Then they will wear the hat of system architect and venture out to find out choices as how s/w and h/w can be in synergy and communicate – thereby potential optimum implementation can be made.
About the presenter: M Jay (Muthurajan Jayakumar) has worked with the DPDK team since 2009. He joined Intel in 1991 and has been in various roles and divisions: 64-bit CPU front side bus architect, 64 bit HAL developer, among others, before he joined the DPDK team. M Jay holds 21 US patents, both individually and jointly, all issued while working at Intel. M Jay was awarded the Intel Achievement Award in 2016, Intel's highest honor based on innovation and results.
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final PresentationWatchara Amasiri
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system allows users to select different antennas through a mobile or PC interface. Experimental results found the attenuation loss and return loss to be acceptable. Going forward, the researchers suggest developing cross-platform mobile applications, integrating the system with software-defined radios, and using more accurate measurement instruments.
This document discusses Ethernet networking concepts like CSMA/CD, collision domains, Ethernet frames, and switch operation. It explains that switches reduce collision domains by connecting multiple ports and forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses, thereby also reducing broadcast domains. The document also provides information on basic switch configuration and other data link layer protocols like wireless Ethernet, PPP, ATM, DOCSIS, and DSL.
This chapter introduces fundamental networking concepts including networking principles, types of networks, networking components, LAN topologies, standards organizations, Ethernet standards, the OSI and TCP/IP models, configuring network interfaces, and network troubleshooting. It aims to provide students with the knowledge needed to install devices on a network and understand basic networking concepts. The chapter covers various networking terms and technologies and includes worksheets, labs, and Packet Tracer activities for students.
This document summarizes Jeff Schmidt's presentation on Telstra's deployment of IPv6 for mobiles. Key points include:
1) Telstra implemented IPv6 to future-proof their network and address IPv4 depletion issues, using dual-stack and 464XLAT architectures.
2) Business drivers were addressing the growing traffic demand and enabling new technologies like IoT, while technical drivers addressed IPv4 depletion and inefficiencies.
3) The deployment included addressing and subnetting plans, network security designs, and testing multiple deployment models.
- Palo Alto Networks provides a next-generation firewall platform that can identify applications, users, and content to enable safe application usage while protecting against both known and unknown threats. This is achieved through technologies like App-ID, User-ID, Content-ID, WildFire, and SP3 architecture.
- The platform offers high performance, visibility, control, and threat prevention across applications, users, and content to replace traditional firewalls and security tools in a single device. This allows for a simplified security posture.
- Palo Alto Networks has seen strong revenue growth and increased its global customer base significantly in recent years, showing the success of its disruptive next-generation firewall approach.
This document discusses Juniper's data center fabric architecture. It begins by outlining challenges in modern data centers like scale, performance, virtualization support and complexity reduction. It then defines an ideal network fabric with attributes of performance, scalability and resiliency. Juniper's QFabric architecture is presented as separating the data plane across interconnect and edge devices while keeping a federated control and single point of management to achieve the properties of a single logical switch. Hardware components of the QFabric including interconnect and edge nodes are also introduced.
This white paper discusses various transition technologies that service providers need to support both IPv4 and IPv6 networks during the lengthy transition period to IPv6. It covers dual-stack networking, different types of network address translation (NAT44, NAT64, NAT444, etc.), and various tunneling methods like 6rd, DS-Lite, and IPv6 in MPLS. Dual-stack is preferred but requires maintaining both protocols. NAT extended the life of IPv4 by allowing private addressing but broke the end-to-end IP model. Transition technologies aim to provide a smooth path to the full deployment of IPv6 while still supporting legacy IPv4 devices and applications.
This document provides an overview of virtual private networks (VPNs) and Cisco's implementation of VPN technologies. It describes the purpose and types of VPNs, including site-to-site and remote access VPNs. The document focuses on IPsec VPNs, explaining the IPsec framework, protocols, modes, authentication methods, and key exchange process. It also provides instructions for configuring IPsec VPNs through both the command line interface and Cisco Secure Device Manager.
The Anue 5200 Net Tool Optimizer from Ixia helps maximize ROI from existing network monitoring tools by improving network visibility, optimizing tool utilization, and boosting staff productivity. It extends network monitoring coverage and scales to high-density and 40G networks while allowing expensive tools to monitor faster links. This reduces tool costs and overhead while simplifying monitoring. It also adds security by controlling access between core devices and tools.
The document outlines the topics covered in a CCNA Security evening seminar. The course teaches network security concepts and hands-on skills for entry-level security jobs. Topics include securing routers, implementing AAA, using ACLs to mitigate threats, secure network management, Layer 2 attacks, firewalls, IPS, and site-to-site VPNs. The course prepares students for the CCNA Security certification exam and provides skills for careers in network security support, administration, and specialist roles.
Webinar: eFolder Expert Series:Three Myths of Cloud Recovery RevealedDropbox
The document summarizes cloud recovery and discusses three myths of cloud recovery. It introduces eFolder Continuity Cloud, which offers a flexible pricing model for cloud-based disaster recovery. Key points covered include that cloud recovery can be cost-effective through predictable monthly pricing and does not require large upfront commitments. It also allows complex network configurations through virtualization.
Fibre optic connections are often assumed to be secure, but they can be tapped. Senetas, a company that develops high-speed network encryption technology, explains how fibre tapping can be done with readily available devices. With some technical knowledge and effort, optical fibres can be tapped without detection by splicing into or polishing the fibres to create an evanescent wave coupler that splits the signal. While difficult, motivated attackers could potentially intercept transmitted data this way if not encrypted. Senetas recommends encryption to protect valuable data and discusses their CN range of encryptors that provide full-duplex encryption up to 10Gbps with low latency.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF, by Santanu Dasgupta.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 APNIC Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF session on Tue, 8 Sep 2015.
NFV is an initiative to virtualize network functions that were previously carried out by dedicated hardware. Alten Calsoft is a pioneer in the NFV space since 2012 and is a member of ETSI NFV ISG. NFV works by decoupling network functions like routers, firewalls, and load balancers from dedicated hardware devices and running them as virtual machines on commercial off-the-shelf servers. A hypervisor manages the virtual machines and allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware processor or host. Virtual machines can imitate multiple virtual hardware platforms in an isolated manner and enable operating systems like Linux or Windows server to run on the same physical host, saving costs by reducing physical hardware systems.
We will also discuss optimizations for MPI collectives communications, that are frequently used for processes synchronization and show how their performance is critical for scalable, high-performance applications.
Content aware p2 p video streaming with lowlatencyxiaoran815
1) The document describes a content-aware peer-to-peer video streaming system called Stanford P2P Multicast (SPPM) that uses an overlay network of multiple multicast trees to distribute video with low latency.
2) SPPM employs local retransmission and a Congestion-Distortion Optimized scheduler to prioritize more important video packets and mitigate packet loss.
3) Experiments on PlanetLab showed that SPPM provides high video quality, fewer frame freezes, and fast startup delays on average of 5 seconds.
Deploying HPC Cluster with Mellanox InfiniBand Interconnect Solutions Mellanox Technologies
This document provides guidance on deploying a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster with Mellanox InfiniBand interconnect solutions. It covers designing a fat-tree topology, performance calculations, communication library and quality of service support, subnet manager configuration, installation, verification and testing procedures. Best practices for cabling, labeling, and stress testing the cluster are also outlined.
The document provides an overview and agenda for optimizing a Wi-Fi network. It discusses optimizing the physical layer by properly placing access points to ensure adequate coverage and overlapping signals to allow for seamless roaming. It also discusses optimizing the data link layer by adjusting settings like SSIDs, transmission power levels, and channels to improve performance, capacity and roaming. Tools like Cisco Prime and WLCCA are recommended to analyze settings like channels, power levels, and neighbor relations to validate that RF resource management is working correctly.
An experimental study of the skype peer to-peer vo ip systemxiaoran815
This document summarizes an experimental study of the Skype peer-to-peer VoIP system conducted from September 2005 to January 2006. The study collected over 82 million data points on the number of online clients, supernodes, and their traffic characteristics. Key findings include that the number of active Skype clients shows daily and weekly patterns correlated with normal working hours, supernode population is relatively stable reducing churn, and typical bandwidth usage of supernodes is relatively low even when relaying VoIP traffic. The study aims to further understanding of a significant P2P VoIP system and provide data useful for modeling such systems.
Cache Consistency – Requirements and its packet processing Performance implic...Michelle Holley
The audio starts at 9:00 due to a glitch while recording.
The topic can be as well stated as “All Processor Accesses are not created equally” – H/W and S/W Synergy – Methods and Mechanism:
- The developers in the audience, throughout the class, will wear different hats – first as a hard design engineer and look at platform design choices.
- Then they will wear the hat of driver developer and see the requirements and assumptions of driver on the hardware behavior.
- Then they will wear the hat of system architect and venture out to find out choices as how s/w and h/w can be in synergy and communicate – thereby potential optimum implementation can be made.
About the presenter: M Jay (Muthurajan Jayakumar) has worked with the DPDK team since 2009. He joined Intel in 1991 and has been in various roles and divisions: 64-bit CPU front side bus architect, 64 bit HAL developer, among others, before he joined the DPDK team. M Jay holds 21 US patents, both individually and jointly, all issued while working at Intel. M Jay was awarded the Intel Achievement Award in 2016, Intel's highest honor based on innovation and results.
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System , Final PresentationWatchara Amasiri
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system allows users to select different antennas through a mobile or PC interface. Experimental results found the attenuation loss and return loss to be acceptable. Going forward, the researchers suggest developing cross-platform mobile applications, integrating the system with software-defined radios, and using more accurate measurement instruments.
This document discusses Ethernet networking concepts like CSMA/CD, collision domains, Ethernet frames, and switch operation. It explains that switches reduce collision domains by connecting multiple ports and forwarding traffic based on MAC addresses, thereby also reducing broadcast domains. The document also provides information on basic switch configuration and other data link layer protocols like wireless Ethernet, PPP, ATM, DOCSIS, and DSL.
The document provides an overview of Avaya's Ethernet switching portfolio, including key highlights and positioning of their modular, stackable, and access switching product lines. It describes features such as high performance, resiliency, virtualization, quality of service, security, and energy efficiency. The presentation also outlines Avaya's roadmap and investment strategy for Ethernet switching technology.
This document discusses Ethernet switching and how switches work to segment collision domains to improve network performance. It explains that switches divide the network into smaller collision domains by learning MAC addresses and directing traffic only to relevant ports. This reduces bandwidth-limiting broadcast traffic and allows for full-duplex communication between connected devices without collisions. The document also covers spanning tree protocol, switch operation modes, and how routers further segment broadcast domains.
The document discusses the history and technical details of Ethernet networking. It describes how the original Ethernet standard was established in 1980 and details the physical media and frame sizes used. It also explains how Ethernet addresses devices using unique 48-bit MAC addresses for unicast, multicast using addresses starting with 01-00-5E, and broadcast using all ones. The document also briefly mentions CSMA/CD and how Ethernet has expanded beyond local area networks up to 1 Gbps.
An Ethernet-Based Coaxial Switching System : Progress PresentationWatchara Amasiri
This document describes an Ethernet-based coaxial switching system developed by S. Lerdnantawat and W. Amasiri of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Thammasat University. The system uses an OMRON G2RL-1-E relay to switch between different radio antennas and allows control via an Android application, PC application or web browser. It provides monitoring of connection status, switching status and IP address.
This document discusses configuring security on Ethernet switches. It covers securing the command line interface (CLI) with passwords, usernames and encryption. It describes how to configure secure shell (SSH) for encrypted access. Methods for securing access include using simple passwords, local usernames/passwords, and external authentication servers. The document also covers encrypting passwords, configuring banners, and other security-related commands.
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationDsunte Wilson
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
This document contains a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It includes several multiple choice questions about networking topics like Ethernet standards, cable types, WAN implementations, early Ethernet developers, crossover cable uses, connector types, cable uses, switch benefits, ISDN, and network device definitions. The questions are attributed to a student named Perrine and dated July 15, 2009.
This document contains questions and answers about networking concepts from Cisco Networking Basics Chapter 2. It discusses LANs and their business needs, disadvantages of electronic bulletin boards, LAN design goals, WAN technologies, reasons for networking standards, problems networks experienced in the 1980s, factors that determine throughput, and tools for estimating network performance. The document also covers the OSI model, encapsulation details, network device types, VPN technologies, bandwidth characteristics, and transmission times on T1 links.
The document contains questions and answers about networking technologies like Ethernet. It discusses the maximum distance for thick Ethernet without a repeater, common aspects of different versions of Gigabit Ethernet, cable specifications for Gigabit Ethernet, applications that take advantage of 1000BASE-T, factors limiting fiber bandwidth, why half-duplex operation is undesirable for Gigabit Ethernet, devices that can interconnect 1000BASE-T and 100BASE-T networks, applications where Gigabit Ethernet became dominant, transmission modes for 100BASE-TX, media types for 10BASE-T networks, encoding methods for Gigabit Ethernet variants, components needed for a 10BASE-T installation, advantages of 10BASE5 networks, Ethernet
The document contains a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It includes several questions and answers about networking topics like network interface cards, IP addressing, subnet masking, and hexadecimal conversion. The questions are multiple choice and cover topics such as the functions of web browsers, types of broadband internet connections, components of computers, and factors to consider when purchasing a network interface card.
This document contains a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It includes several multiple choice questions about networking protocols like SNMP, SMTP, Telnet, FTP, TCP, and TFTP. It also tests knowledge of IP addressing, domain names, and the OSI model. The document is made up of multiple choice questions and answers related to networking fundamentals.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_1_chapter_4_v5_0_exam_answers_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document provides the answers to exam questions for CCNA 1 Chapter 4 v5.0 from 2014. It includes 23 multiple choice questions and answers related to networking concepts like physical layer protocols, fiber optic cabling, Ethernet standards, wireless networks, and more. The questions assess knowledge of topics like frame encoding techniques, multimode fiber, OSI model layers, throughput calculations, cable interference factors, wireless network concerns, and data link layer functions.
The document is a chapter from a Cisco networking basics textbook. It contains multiple choice questions about networking topics like network cabling, fiber optics, and wireless transmission. The questions cover topics such as the types of signals carried by different cable types, the characteristics of various cabling standards, and potential sources of interference for wireless networks.
The document discusses network design concepts for building a resilient network. It emphasizes the importance of considering redundancy at multiple levels, from the physical infrastructure to network protocols. Well-designed networks are modular, have clearly defined functional layers, and incorporate redundancy through techniques like load balancing and diverse circuit paths. Hierarchical network designs with logical areas can also improve convergence times during failures.
This document discusses how big data is growing faster than Moore's law and how the network is becoming a bottleneck. It introduces Solarflare as a company providing high-performance networking solutions for applications handling big data workloads. Solarflare's products are optimized for financial services, HPC, storage and cloud/web applications. The document highlights how Solarflare's hardware and software can optimize network performance and reduce latency compared to standard server networking approaches. It also provides an example of a turnkey big data management solution leveraging Solarflare's networking products.
Routers forward data packets between networks while switches operate at the data link layer and forward packets within a local area network. Hubs simply broadcast all incoming data to all ports. The document provides answers to common CCNA interview questions about networking fundamentals like IP addressing, routing, switching, protocols and Cisco router components.
This chapter discusses preparing network connections by installing networking devices like switches and routers, cabling up LAN and WAN connections, and establishing console connections. It describes Cisco's networking products for different network layers, including hubs, switches, and routers. Hubs function at the physical layer and connect devices in the same collision domain. Switches function at the data link layer and solve bandwidth and collision problems by separating devices into different ports/segments. Routers are used to solve broadcast problems and contain traffic and come in models for different office/network sizes.
1) The document introduces ExpEther and Wireless ExpEther, which extend PCI Express over Ethernet and provide reliable low-latency wireless connections, respectively.
2) ExpEther allows PCIe devices to be disaggregated over Ethernet networks while maintaining compatibility with existing software. Wireless ExpEther aggregates multiple wireless links to provide a virtual reliable connection with latency under 1ms.
3) NEC offers these technologies as IP cores and evaluation modules to enable wireless solutions for applications that require latency under 10ms, such as industrial robots, AGVs, and machine tools.
This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a networking and protocols course, including introductions to networking concepts like the Internet, protocols, sockets, security, and remote access. Specific topics that will be discussed include TCP/IP, packet switching, physical media, protocol layers, the history of networking, socket programming, authentication, encryption, and network analysis tools. The course appears to provide an in-depth overview of computer networking from the ground level up.
Microsoft's Production Configurable Cloud leverages FPGAs and a programmable infrastructure to provide accelerated computing capabilities. Key aspects include:
- Using FPGAs on servers and smartNICs to accelerate networking, storage, security and other functions through reconfigurable hardware.
- Developing a pod architecture that connects multiple FPGAs within a rack for low-latency sharing of resources.
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Readying the campus for the internet of things (io t) - Networkshop44Jisc
Avaya, alongside Leeds Beckett University, will look at a better way to build the smart campus and ready it for the agility and security demands placed upon it by the IoT. Can vastly reducing the number of protocols required to build a campus network lead to reduction in complexity and simultaneously increase security, agility, resilience and performance?
This document discusses network measurement. It provides an overview of why measurement is needed, what metrics can be measured, and how measurement can be done. It then covers specific techniques for measuring bandwidth, including one packet modeling, packet pair modeling, and packet train modeling. It discusses tools that use these techniques and their limitations. It also addresses challenges with current implementations and the need for better solutions.
This document outlines the teaching and examination scheme for the subject of Computer Networks. It includes 3 hours of theory and 2 hours of practical classes per week. The theory exam will be worth 100 marks and include two tests worth 25 marks each. The objectives are to understand computer network concepts, topologies, devices, transmission media, and models like OSI and TCP/IP. The practical focuses on skills like network installation, configuration, and troubleshooting. Five recommended textbooks are provided for additional learning resources.
The document provides information about Cisco certifications including the CCNA exam requirements and benefits, describes common networking devices like hubs, switches, routers and their functions, and explains basic networking concepts such as topologies, protocols, and the layered OSI model which is important for understanding network communication. It covers a wide range of foundational networking topics in preparation for Cisco certification exams.
Ntc 362 forecasting and strategic planning -uopstudy.comULLPTT
The document provides information about the NTC 362 Fundamentals of Networking course, including a study guide link, assignments for weeks 1 through 4, and quizzes covering various topics. Key topics covered include networking models, infrastructure, addressing, protocols, routing, subnets, VLANs, and performance/recovery. The document contains links to additional online course materials.
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- A link to the course homepage with information on accessing assignments and quizzes.
- Sample questions from Week 1 and Week 2 quizzes covering topics like the OSI model, network devices, protocols, topologies and more.
- Additional links to resources and information on accessing other parts of the course.
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GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
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What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Q1 On Ch08 Ethernet Switching
1. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following would alleviate the problem of excessive collisions in a
LAN? (Choose two.)
1. reduce the size of collision domains
2. reduce number of broadcast domains
3. add extra hubs
4. add extra managed switches
5. add additional transceivers
6. increase the length of UTP cable runs
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 1
2. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following would alleviate the problem of excessive collisions in a
LAN? (Choose two.)
• reduce the size of collision domains
• reduce number of broadcast domains
• add extra hubs
• add extra managed switches
• add additional transceivers
• increase the length of UTP cable runs
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 2
3. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is created with switched full-duplex transmission?
1. more collision domains
2. fewer collision domains
3. no collision domains
4. no increase in broadcast domains
5. more broadcast domains
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 3
4. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is created with switched full-duplex transmission?
• more collision domains
• fewer collision domains
• no collision domains
• no increase in broadcast domains
• more broadcast domains
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 4
5. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which switching mode describes a switch that transfers a frame as soon as the
destination MAC address is read?
1. fragment-free
2. cut-through
3. store-and-forward
4. latency forwarding
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 5
6. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which switching mode describes a switch that transfers a frame as soon as the
destination MAC address is read?
• fragment-free
• cut-through
• store-and-forward
• latency forwarding
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 6
7. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is the switching technique that reads the header and
passes the frame prior to the checksum being sent? (Not a good question!)
1. fragment-free
2. cut-through
3. store-and-forward
4. latency forwarding
5. fast forward
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 7
8. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is the switching technique that reads the header and
passes the frame prior to the checksum being sent? (Not a good question!)
• fragment-free
• cut-through
• store-and-forward
• latency forwarding
• fast forward
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 8
9. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
What does a switch broadcast to let other switches know of its existence on the
LAN?
1. STP
2. STA
3. BDPU
4. BPU
5. BPDU
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 9
10. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
What does a switch broadcast to let other switches know of its existence on the
LAN?
• STP
• STA
• BDPU
• BPU
• BPDU
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 10
11. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following network types uses networking devices to extend the
distances that cable can be run?
1. length/shared media
2. extended shared media
3. point-to-point network
4. extended point-to-point network
5. multiple access/point-to-point
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 11
12. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following network types uses networking devices to extend the
distances that cable can be run?
• length/shared media
• extended shared media
• point-to-point network
• extended point-to-point network
• multiple access/point-to-point
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 12
13. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is a term associated with replacing hubs with switches to
increase the number of collision domains?
1. encapsulation
2. latency
3. segmentation
4. layered model
5. broadcast domain
6. extended
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 13
14. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following is a term associated with replacing hubs with switches to
increase the number of collision domains?
• encapsulation
• latency
• segmentation
• layered model
• broadcast domain
• extended
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 14
15. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
While working on her computer, Mary noticed longer than normal network data
transfers. Mary investigates the problem and notices that her co-worker John has
been hosting an online video conference. What is the network probably
experiencing?
1. collision storm
2. broadcast storm
3. IP storm
4. data rain storm
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 15
16. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
While working on her computer, Mary noticed longer than normal network data
transfers. Mary investigates the problem and notices that her co-worker John has
been hosting an online video conference. What is the network probably
experiencing?
• collision storm
• broadcast storm
• IP storm
• data rain storm
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 16
17. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following does a router use to make a forwarding decision?
1. destination IP address
2. MAC address
3. source IP address
4. encapsulation address
5. default gateway
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 17
18. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following does a router use to make a forwarding decision?
• destination IP address
• MAC address
• source IP address
• encapsulation address
• default gateway
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 18
19. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which switching mode has the lowest latency?
1. cut-through
2. fast-forward
3. store-and-forward
4. fragment-free
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 19
20. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which switching mode has the lowest latency?
• cut-through
• fast-forward
• store-and-forward
• fragment-free
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 20
21. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which LAN switching methods have a fixed latency time? (Choose two.)
1. store-and-forward
2. cut-through
3. fast-forward
4. free-forward
5. cut-and-store
6. fragment-free
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 21
22. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which LAN switching methods have a fixed latency time? (Choose two.)
• store-and-forward
• cut-through
• fast-forward
• free-forward
• cut-and-store
• fragment-free
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 22
23. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
A network administrator has a multi-floor LAN to monitor and maintain. Through
careful monitoring, the administrator has noticed a large amount of broadcast
traffic slowing the network. Which device would you use to best solve this
problem?
1. bridge
2. hub
3. router
4. transceiver
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 23
24. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
A network administrator has a multi-floor LAN to monitor and maintain. Through
careful monitoring, the administrator has noticed a large amount of broadcast
traffic slowing the network. Which device would you use to best solve this
problem?
• bridge
• hub
• router
• transceiver
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 24
25. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which device uses full-duplex mode to provide full bandwidth between two
nodes on a network?
1. hub
2. router
3. switch
4. gateway
5. repeater
6. transceiver
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 25
26. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which device uses full-duplex mode to provide full bandwidth between two
nodes on a network?
• hub
• router
• switch
• gateway
• repeater
• transceiver
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 26
27. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following protocols is used to eliminate loops?
1. STP
2. BDPU
3. UDP
4. EIGRP
5. learning
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 27
28. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following protocols is used to eliminate loops?
• STP
• BDPU
• UDP
• EIGRP
• learning
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 28
29. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
What is the area referred to as, that controls frame propagation within that
area?
1. MAC address domain
2. collision domain
3. broadcast domain
4. propagation domain
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 29
30. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
What is the area referred to as, that controls frame propagation within that
area?
• MAC address domain
• collision domain
• broadcast domain
• propagation domain
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 30
31. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following describes shared media environment?
1. a collision free environment made up of systems on the same medium
2. multiple hosts have access to the same cable ISP system
3. multiple hosts have access to the same medium.
4. multiple router environment in a mesh topology
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 31
32. Cisco 1 - Networking Basics Chapter 8
Which of the following describes shared media environment?
• a collision free environment made up of systems on the same medium
• multiple hosts have access to the same cable ISP system
• multiple hosts have access to the same medium.
• multiple router environment in a mesh topology
Perrine. J 07/15/09 Page 32