Three key considerations for ethanol storage are:
1) Ensuring storage tanks are constructed of compatible materials and operated properly to minimize water ingress and allow for good recirculation.
2) Monitoring ethanol characteristics like pH (pHe), water content, and conductivity during storage to ensure proper storage conditions.
3) Adding the proper amount of corrosion inhibitor and pH buffer additives to manage corrosion and maintain ethanol stability over long storage periods.
This document provides an overview of petroleum refinery engineering. It discusses the origin and composition of crude oil, refinery processes like distillation, cracking and reforming, and auxiliary operations. It also lists recommended books and introduces concepts like crude oil properties, hydrocarbon groups, non-hydrocarbon compounds, origin of hydrocarbons, exploration techniques, and physical properties of crude oil.
This document provides an abstract for a report on ethylene production. It discusses commercial steam cracking technologies used to produce ethylene from naphtha, ethane/propane, including developing technologies like gas-to-ethylene. It examines the costs of producing ethylene from different feedstocks and regional supply and demand. The abstract outlines the major commercial technologies, developments in different regions, and provides an overview of the steam cracking process used for natural gas liquids and naphtha.
This document provides an overview of amines, amides, and amino acids. It discusses the structures, properties, nomenclature and reactions of amines and amides. Amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of carbons bonded to nitrogen. Amides are formed from the reaction of amines with carboxylic acids or acid derivatives. Amides have higher boiling points than comparable amines due to hydrogen bonding. Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Esterification Bio-oil using Acid Catalyst and EthanolDr. Amarjeet Singh
Fuel energy sources are limited. It is necessary to
obtain alternative energy that can be reached. Bio-oil is one
of the promising renewable energy that production of bio-oil
derived from agricultural wastes and industrial wastes by fast
pyrolysis process but the quality bio-oil is not good as bio-fuel
it needs upgrading method. One of the methods to upgrading
bio-oil is using esterification. Esterfication method reduces
viscosity, density, and ash. The purpose of this research was
to increasing bio-oil quality by type of acid catalyst. Catalyst
used was H2SO4, HCl and citric acid, concentration catalyst
was used according to free fatty acid (FFA) and free fatty
acid was 5.09 before esterification. The bio-oil after
esterification show FFA lower than 2.00 and indicate it
worked. Esterification with acid catalyst shows some critical
change like acid number, viscosity kinematic, density, pH,
and ash. The result found acid number 0.64, 1.02 and 3.39 Mg
of KOH/g, viscosity kinematic 11.61, 11.83, and 13.64 cSt
@40oC, density 1.11, 1.12 and 1.21 kg/dm3 @20oC, pH values
2.05, 2.33 and 3.06, ash 0.0003, 0 and 0.004. The
concentration catalyst according to FFA with esterification
process has a good impact on bio-oil characteristics according
to standards and its high activity.
This document provides an overview of the polymerization process used in petroleum refining to produce high octane gasoline. Polymerization involves combining light olefin gases like ethylene and propylene into higher molecular weight hydrocarbons using a phosphoric acid catalyst. It was widely used in the 1930s-40s but replaced by alkylation after WWII before making a comeback due to leaded gasoline phase outs. Polymerization occurs at 300-450°F and 200-1200 psi to polymerize olefins into gasoline blending components with octane numbers of 83-97. Safety risks include fires and runaway reactions due to cooling water loss or corrosion from phosphoric acid exposure.
This document provides an overview of amines and amides. It discusses the bonding characteristics of nitrogen in organic compounds and classifies amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of hydrocarbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. The document also covers amine and amide nomenclature, isomerism, physical properties, basicity, and methods of preparation. Key topics include hydrogen bonding of amines, substituted ammonium ions, amine salt formation through reaction with acids, and interconversion between amines and their salts.
Propylene Production by Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH)Amir Razmi
In this article a description about different processes which are commercialized to produce propylene via Propane dehydrogenation were presented.
To receive more reports about cost estimation analysis and other reports (about the propylene and PDH ) contact the author.
The key process variables in an alkylation unit are reaction temperature, acid strength, isobutane concentration, and olefin space velocity. Reaction temperature and acid strength affect product quality, with lower temperatures and appropriate acid strengths producing higher quality alkylate. Isobutane concentration is generally expressed as the isobutane to olefin ratio, with higher ratios increasing octane number and yield. Olefin space velocity also affects product quality, with lower velocities increasing octane number. Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are the primary catalysts used. Olefins and isobutane are the main feedstocks.
This document provides an overview of petroleum refinery engineering. It discusses the origin and composition of crude oil, refinery processes like distillation, cracking and reforming, and auxiliary operations. It also lists recommended books and introduces concepts like crude oil properties, hydrocarbon groups, non-hydrocarbon compounds, origin of hydrocarbons, exploration techniques, and physical properties of crude oil.
This document provides an abstract for a report on ethylene production. It discusses commercial steam cracking technologies used to produce ethylene from naphtha, ethane/propane, including developing technologies like gas-to-ethylene. It examines the costs of producing ethylene from different feedstocks and regional supply and demand. The abstract outlines the major commercial technologies, developments in different regions, and provides an overview of the steam cracking process used for natural gas liquids and naphtha.
This document provides an overview of amines, amides, and amino acids. It discusses the structures, properties, nomenclature and reactions of amines and amides. Amines are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of carbons bonded to nitrogen. Amides are formed from the reaction of amines with carboxylic acids or acid derivatives. Amides have higher boiling points than comparable amines due to hydrogen bonding. Proteins are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
Esterification Bio-oil using Acid Catalyst and EthanolDr. Amarjeet Singh
Fuel energy sources are limited. It is necessary to
obtain alternative energy that can be reached. Bio-oil is one
of the promising renewable energy that production of bio-oil
derived from agricultural wastes and industrial wastes by fast
pyrolysis process but the quality bio-oil is not good as bio-fuel
it needs upgrading method. One of the methods to upgrading
bio-oil is using esterification. Esterfication method reduces
viscosity, density, and ash. The purpose of this research was
to increasing bio-oil quality by type of acid catalyst. Catalyst
used was H2SO4, HCl and citric acid, concentration catalyst
was used according to free fatty acid (FFA) and free fatty
acid was 5.09 before esterification. The bio-oil after
esterification show FFA lower than 2.00 and indicate it
worked. Esterification with acid catalyst shows some critical
change like acid number, viscosity kinematic, density, pH,
and ash. The result found acid number 0.64, 1.02 and 3.39 Mg
of KOH/g, viscosity kinematic 11.61, 11.83, and 13.64 cSt
@40oC, density 1.11, 1.12 and 1.21 kg/dm3 @20oC, pH values
2.05, 2.33 and 3.06, ash 0.0003, 0 and 0.004. The
concentration catalyst according to FFA with esterification
process has a good impact on bio-oil characteristics according
to standards and its high activity.
This document provides an overview of the polymerization process used in petroleum refining to produce high octane gasoline. Polymerization involves combining light olefin gases like ethylene and propylene into higher molecular weight hydrocarbons using a phosphoric acid catalyst. It was widely used in the 1930s-40s but replaced by alkylation after WWII before making a comeback due to leaded gasoline phase outs. Polymerization occurs at 300-450°F and 200-1200 psi to polymerize olefins into gasoline blending components with octane numbers of 83-97. Safety risks include fires and runaway reactions due to cooling water loss or corrosion from phosphoric acid exposure.
This document provides an overview of amines and amides. It discusses the bonding characteristics of nitrogen in organic compounds and classifies amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of hydrocarbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. The document also covers amine and amide nomenclature, isomerism, physical properties, basicity, and methods of preparation. Key topics include hydrogen bonding of amines, substituted ammonium ions, amine salt formation through reaction with acids, and interconversion between amines and their salts.
Propylene Production by Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH)Amir Razmi
In this article a description about different processes which are commercialized to produce propylene via Propane dehydrogenation were presented.
To receive more reports about cost estimation analysis and other reports (about the propylene and PDH ) contact the author.
The key process variables in an alkylation unit are reaction temperature, acid strength, isobutane concentration, and olefin space velocity. Reaction temperature and acid strength affect product quality, with lower temperatures and appropriate acid strengths producing higher quality alkylate. Isobutane concentration is generally expressed as the isobutane to olefin ratio, with higher ratios increasing octane number and yield. Olefin space velocity also affects product quality, with lower velocities increasing octane number. Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are the primary catalysts used. Olefins and isobutane are the main feedstocks.
Conference for Catalysis Webinar 2021: "The Key Role of Catalysts and Adsorb...Dr. Meritxell Vila
Energy transition is a challenge for refineries and petrochemical plants. In this sense, the role of catalysts and adsorbents will be crucial in three areas:
New schemes of refineries: crude oil to chemicals (COTC)
Production of biofuels
Production of green hydrogen
This presentation was done at Catalysis Webinar 2021, the 24th March.
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass BrownYose Rizal
The document discusses four thermochemical pathways for converting biomass to renewable fuels and bioproducts: (1) gasification followed by catalytic synthesis of alcohols and hydrocarbons, (2) fast pyrolysis producing bio-oil and char, (3) syngas fermentation using microbes to produce alcohols and acids, and (4) fermenting sugars extracted from bio-oil. Each approach is outlined along with its advantages and disadvantages compared to biochemical and other thermochemical methods. Research teams at Iowa State University are working to develop these thermochemical biorefinery technologies.
The document discusses various petroleum refining processes including catalytic isomerization, UOP Butamer and Penex isomerization processes, catalytic polymerization, UOP catalytic polymerization process, alternative UOP tubular reactor design, and the IFP Dimersol process. It provides details on the chemistry and operating principles of each process, including feedstocks, reactions, yields, equipment used and product properties. The overall purpose is to describe several key technologies used in refineries to convert petroleum fractions into higher octane products like gasoline.
The document discusses various side reactions that can occur during solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), including peptide fragmentation, deletion reactions, β-elimination reactions, rearrangements, cyclizations, modifications of amino acid side chains, and oxidations. Specific examples are provided for each category, such as acidolysis of Asp-Pro bonds and N-acetyl-N-alkyl peptides, β-elimination of cysteine and phosphorylated residues, acid- or base-catalyzed acyl shifts, aspartimide and asparagine deamidation, and disulfide scrambling or degradation. Factors affecting the side reactions like acidity, sequence dependence, and excipient impurities are also examined.
Filter media selection in amine gas sweetening systemsmanvir guriyan
This document discusses filter media selection for amine gas sweetening systems. Polypropylene filters are better than cellulose filters as polypropylene resists degradation in amine solutions and plugging, extending filter life. Cellulose filters can degrade, generating heat stable salts that reduce amine absorption capacity and cause corrosion. Open-grade polypropylene microfiber media can reduce total suspended solids in amine by over an order of magnitude compared to cellulose filters. Proper filter selection is important for optimizing amine system performance and costs.
This document compares conventional sulfuric acid alkylation, CDAlky, and RHT alkylation technologies. It provides design assumptions for a 100,000 Bbls/day FCC unit and 20100 Bbls/day C4 stream. Key metrics like alkylate production, octane, and capital costs are listed for each technology. RHT alkylation has the highest octane at 95.2, lowest capital cost at $2419/bbl, and provides the greatest overall economic advantage of $27.9 million/year compared to conventional technology.
This document discusses the structure, classification, naming, physical properties, preparation, and reactions of amines. It begins by describing amines as derivatives of ammonia with hydrogens and/or alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Amines can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of alkyl groups. Common methods for preparing amines include SN2 reactions with alkyl halides, reduction of nitro compounds, and reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. The document notes that amines act as bases and undergo nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and other reactions similar to ammonia. It provides examples of biologically active amines that function as neurotransmitters, hormones
Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Waste Activated Bleaching Earth as...ZY8
The document describes a pilot plant study of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE). Waste ABE containing vegetable oils was used as a raw material with lipase and methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be used as biodiesel fuel. In a 50-liter pilot plant reactor, the process achieved 97% FAME yield within 12 hours using 1% lipase at 25°C and an agitation rate of 30 rpm. Analysis showed the biodiesel quality of a 45:55 mixture of FAME and diesel oil met European fuel standards. Emissions testing found reduced carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from burning the biod
The document summarizes the RHT-Alkylation process technology, which provides improvements over conventional alkylation processes. Key advantages of the RHT process include using simple eductor mixing without complex reactor internals, allowing isothermal low-temperature operation. It also uses a low-cost vapor absorption system instead of compression, and standard equipment for acid-hydrocarbon separation. This leads to lower capital and operating costs compared to conventional processes.
General Chemistry 2 Assignment - Preparation of amine (Group 13 and 18)H Vignes C Pl
The document discusses various methods for reducing nitro compounds and nitriles to amines. Nitro compounds can be reduced to amines through catalytic hydrogenation using metals like platinum or Raney nickel. They can also be reduced using metals like iron, tin, or zinc in acidic solutions. Nitriles can be reduced to amines using lithium aluminium hydride or hydrogen gas over a metal catalyst. Primary amides can be reduced to primary amines through the Hofmann rearrangement, which involves conversion of the amide to an isocyanate intermediate that then hydrolyzes to form the amine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups. They can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of alkyl/aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Amines exhibit hydrogen bonding and have higher boiling points than comparable alkanes. They act as bases and react with acids to form salts. Primary amines react with nitrous acid to form nitrogen gas and alcohols/alkenes, while secondary amines form nitrosamines. Aromatic amines are used to synthesize azo dyes through diazonium salt formation. Nylon is produced by condensation polymerization of diamines and dic
An aliphatic amine has no aromatic ring attached directly to the nitrogen atom. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring as in the various anilines. The aromatic ring decreases the alkalinity of the amine, depending on its substituents. The presence of an amine group strongly increases the reactivity of the aromatic ring, due to an electron-donating effect.
Amines are organized into four subcategories:
Primary amines—Primary amines arise when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic. Important primary alkyl amines include, methylamine, most amino acids, and the buffering agent tris, while primary aromatic amines include aniline.
Secondary amines—Secondary amines have two organic substituents (alkyl, aryl or both) bound to the nitrogen together with one hydrogen. Important representatives include dimethylamine, while an example of an aromatic amine would be diphenylamine.
Tertiary amines—In tertiary amines, nitrogen has three organic substituents. Examples include trimethylamine, which has a distinctively fishy smell, and EDTA.
Cyclic amines—Cyclic amines are either secondary or tertiary amines. Examples of cyclic amines include the 3-membered ring aziridine and the six-membered ring piperidine. N-methylpiperidine and N-phenylpiperidine are examples of cyclic tertiary amines.
It is also possible to have four organic substituents on the nitrogen. These species are not amines but are quaternary ammonium cations and have a charged nitrogen center. Quaternary ammonium salts exist with many kinds of anions.
Polypropylene was first polymerized in the 1950s and commercially produced in the late 1950s. It has properties that make it tough, chemically inert, and cheap to manufacture. Common applications include packaging and containers due to its high melting point and resistance to fatigue. However, it is degraded by UV light and difficult to bond with other materials.
Aromatic amines:
Methods of Preparation, reaction, Basicity of Aromatic Amines, Effect of Substituents on Acidity of Aromatic amines, Aryl diazonium salt and Uses of Aromatic Amines.
The document discusses alkylation, which is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. It specifically discusses alkylation processes used in oil refineries, where iso-butane is alkylated with olefins. It describes nucleophilic, electrophilic, and carbene alkylating agents and their mechanisms. It also discusses sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation units used in refineries, and how cracking and polymerization can be combined with alkylation to increase gasoline yields from crude oil.
The evolving role of ethanol corrosion inhibitors (r 1098)Phillip Bureman
This document discusses the evolving role of corrosion inhibitors in ethanol fuel. It describes how early ethanol fuel specifications did not require corrosion inhibitors, but issues with engine wear emerged with high-ethanol blends like E85. Research revealed acidity measurements needed improving and a pH of 5 or lower caused more cylinder wear. Setting a pH specification of 7±1 for Brazilian ethanol addressed this by adding inhibitors. Inhibitors now maintain ethanol pH between 6.5-9.0 to prevent fuel system corrosion and component failure.
Synthesis of Polyurethane Solution (Castor oil based polyol for polyurethane)IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document discusses the synthesis of polyurethane solutions using castor oil as the sole polyol component. Castor oil is a triglyceride fatty acid composed of approximately 90% ricinoleic acid. The goal was to examine whether a natural oil polyol like castor oil could be used directly to make flexible polyurethane solutions. Four different polyols were tested, including two petroleum-based polyols and two natural oil polyols (castor oil and soybean oil-based polyol). The castor oil-based solutions showed higher glass transition temperatures, indicating more rigid structures. While castor oil provided a first success in making flexible solutions from a natural oil polyol alone, further optimization
Conference for Catalysis Webinar 2021: "The Key Role of Catalysts and Adsorb...Dr. Meritxell Vila
Energy transition is a challenge for refineries and petrochemical plants. In this sense, the role of catalysts and adsorbents will be crucial in three areas:
New schemes of refineries: crude oil to chemicals (COTC)
Production of biofuels
Production of green hydrogen
This presentation was done at Catalysis Webinar 2021, the 24th March.
Thermochemical Processing Of Biomass BrownYose Rizal
The document discusses four thermochemical pathways for converting biomass to renewable fuels and bioproducts: (1) gasification followed by catalytic synthesis of alcohols and hydrocarbons, (2) fast pyrolysis producing bio-oil and char, (3) syngas fermentation using microbes to produce alcohols and acids, and (4) fermenting sugars extracted from bio-oil. Each approach is outlined along with its advantages and disadvantages compared to biochemical and other thermochemical methods. Research teams at Iowa State University are working to develop these thermochemical biorefinery technologies.
The document discusses various petroleum refining processes including catalytic isomerization, UOP Butamer and Penex isomerization processes, catalytic polymerization, UOP catalytic polymerization process, alternative UOP tubular reactor design, and the IFP Dimersol process. It provides details on the chemistry and operating principles of each process, including feedstocks, reactions, yields, equipment used and product properties. The overall purpose is to describe several key technologies used in refineries to convert petroleum fractions into higher octane products like gasoline.
The document discusses various side reactions that can occur during solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), including peptide fragmentation, deletion reactions, β-elimination reactions, rearrangements, cyclizations, modifications of amino acid side chains, and oxidations. Specific examples are provided for each category, such as acidolysis of Asp-Pro bonds and N-acetyl-N-alkyl peptides, β-elimination of cysteine and phosphorylated residues, acid- or base-catalyzed acyl shifts, aspartimide and asparagine deamidation, and disulfide scrambling or degradation. Factors affecting the side reactions like acidity, sequence dependence, and excipient impurities are also examined.
Filter media selection in amine gas sweetening systemsmanvir guriyan
This document discusses filter media selection for amine gas sweetening systems. Polypropylene filters are better than cellulose filters as polypropylene resists degradation in amine solutions and plugging, extending filter life. Cellulose filters can degrade, generating heat stable salts that reduce amine absorption capacity and cause corrosion. Open-grade polypropylene microfiber media can reduce total suspended solids in amine by over an order of magnitude compared to cellulose filters. Proper filter selection is important for optimizing amine system performance and costs.
This document compares conventional sulfuric acid alkylation, CDAlky, and RHT alkylation technologies. It provides design assumptions for a 100,000 Bbls/day FCC unit and 20100 Bbls/day C4 stream. Key metrics like alkylate production, octane, and capital costs are listed for each technology. RHT alkylation has the highest octane at 95.2, lowest capital cost at $2419/bbl, and provides the greatest overall economic advantage of $27.9 million/year compared to conventional technology.
This document discusses the structure, classification, naming, physical properties, preparation, and reactions of amines. It begins by describing amines as derivatives of ammonia with hydrogens and/or alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Amines can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of alkyl groups. Common methods for preparing amines include SN2 reactions with alkyl halides, reduction of nitro compounds, and reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. The document notes that amines act as bases and undergo nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and other reactions similar to ammonia. It provides examples of biologically active amines that function as neurotransmitters, hormones
Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production From Waste Activated Bleaching Earth as...ZY8
The document describes a pilot plant study of lipase-catalyzed biodiesel production from waste activated bleaching earth (ABE). Waste ABE containing vegetable oils was used as a raw material with lipase and methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be used as biodiesel fuel. In a 50-liter pilot plant reactor, the process achieved 97% FAME yield within 12 hours using 1% lipase at 25°C and an agitation rate of 30 rpm. Analysis showed the biodiesel quality of a 45:55 mixture of FAME and diesel oil met European fuel standards. Emissions testing found reduced carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from burning the biod
The document summarizes the RHT-Alkylation process technology, which provides improvements over conventional alkylation processes. Key advantages of the RHT process include using simple eductor mixing without complex reactor internals, allowing isothermal low-temperature operation. It also uses a low-cost vapor absorption system instead of compression, and standard equipment for acid-hydrocarbon separation. This leads to lower capital and operating costs compared to conventional processes.
General Chemistry 2 Assignment - Preparation of amine (Group 13 and 18)H Vignes C Pl
The document discusses various methods for reducing nitro compounds and nitriles to amines. Nitro compounds can be reduced to amines through catalytic hydrogenation using metals like platinum or Raney nickel. They can also be reduced using metals like iron, tin, or zinc in acidic solutions. Nitriles can be reduced to amines using lithium aluminium hydride or hydrogen gas over a metal catalyst. Primary amides can be reduced to primary amines through the Hofmann rearrangement, which involves conversion of the amide to an isocyanate intermediate that then hydrolyzes to form the amine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Amines are organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups. They can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of alkyl/aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Amines exhibit hydrogen bonding and have higher boiling points than comparable alkanes. They act as bases and react with acids to form salts. Primary amines react with nitrous acid to form nitrogen gas and alcohols/alkenes, while secondary amines form nitrosamines. Aromatic amines are used to synthesize azo dyes through diazonium salt formation. Nylon is produced by condensation polymerization of diamines and dic
An aliphatic amine has no aromatic ring attached directly to the nitrogen atom. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring as in the various anilines. The aromatic ring decreases the alkalinity of the amine, depending on its substituents. The presence of an amine group strongly increases the reactivity of the aromatic ring, due to an electron-donating effect.
Amines are organized into four subcategories:
Primary amines—Primary amines arise when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic. Important primary alkyl amines include, methylamine, most amino acids, and the buffering agent tris, while primary aromatic amines include aniline.
Secondary amines—Secondary amines have two organic substituents (alkyl, aryl or both) bound to the nitrogen together with one hydrogen. Important representatives include dimethylamine, while an example of an aromatic amine would be diphenylamine.
Tertiary amines—In tertiary amines, nitrogen has three organic substituents. Examples include trimethylamine, which has a distinctively fishy smell, and EDTA.
Cyclic amines—Cyclic amines are either secondary or tertiary amines. Examples of cyclic amines include the 3-membered ring aziridine and the six-membered ring piperidine. N-methylpiperidine and N-phenylpiperidine are examples of cyclic tertiary amines.
It is also possible to have four organic substituents on the nitrogen. These species are not amines but are quaternary ammonium cations and have a charged nitrogen center. Quaternary ammonium salts exist with many kinds of anions.
Polypropylene was first polymerized in the 1950s and commercially produced in the late 1950s. It has properties that make it tough, chemically inert, and cheap to manufacture. Common applications include packaging and containers due to its high melting point and resistance to fatigue. However, it is degraded by UV light and difficult to bond with other materials.
Aromatic amines:
Methods of Preparation, reaction, Basicity of Aromatic Amines, Effect of Substituents on Acidity of Aromatic amines, Aryl diazonium salt and Uses of Aromatic Amines.
The document discusses alkylation, which is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. It specifically discusses alkylation processes used in oil refineries, where iso-butane is alkylated with olefins. It describes nucleophilic, electrophilic, and carbene alkylating agents and their mechanisms. It also discusses sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid alkylation units used in refineries, and how cracking and polymerization can be combined with alkylation to increase gasoline yields from crude oil.
The evolving role of ethanol corrosion inhibitors (r 1098)Phillip Bureman
This document discusses the evolving role of corrosion inhibitors in ethanol fuel. It describes how early ethanol fuel specifications did not require corrosion inhibitors, but issues with engine wear emerged with high-ethanol blends like E85. Research revealed acidity measurements needed improving and a pH of 5 or lower caused more cylinder wear. Setting a pH specification of 7±1 for Brazilian ethanol addressed this by adding inhibitors. Inhibitors now maintain ethanol pH between 6.5-9.0 to prevent fuel system corrosion and component failure.
Synthesis of Polyurethane Solution (Castor oil based polyol for polyurethane)IJARIIE JOURNAL
This document discusses the synthesis of polyurethane solutions using castor oil as the sole polyol component. Castor oil is a triglyceride fatty acid composed of approximately 90% ricinoleic acid. The goal was to examine whether a natural oil polyol like castor oil could be used directly to make flexible polyurethane solutions. Four different polyols were tested, including two petroleum-based polyols and two natural oil polyols (castor oil and soybean oil-based polyol). The castor oil-based solutions showed higher glass transition temperatures, indicating more rigid structures. While castor oil provided a first success in making flexible solutions from a natural oil polyol alone, further optimization
The document discusses Nalco's ethanol corrosion inhibitor product EC5624A PLUS. It provides reasons to choose the product, including Nalco's experience in formulating fuel additives, membership in industry organizations, and large customer base. It describes benefits of EC5624A PLUS such as improved consistency, effective corrosion protection, and easy measurement using a handheld instrument. The document also covers operator training, monthly on-site service, and tracer technology used to accurately measure treat rates.
PVDF material compatible with bioethanolHudi Leksono
This document discusses the advantages and production of bioethanol. It summarizes that bioethanol has benefits over fossil fuels such as being renewable, having lower greenhouse gas emissions, and providing economic benefits. The document then describes the production process of bioethanol and some of the materials compatibility challenges with biofuels. It highlights that PVDF is well-suited for use with biofuels since it exhibits low permeation, maintains its physical properties, and is resistant to corrosion from biofuels.
The document discusses the synthesis and characterization of polymeric additives and their effectiveness as pour point depressants and viscosity improvers for waxy crude oils. Polyethylene acrylic acid (PEAA) was esterified with docosanol to produce PEAA-DcA, which was then grafted with vinyl acetate to produce PEAA-DcA-g-VA. The products were characterized using FT-IR and 1H NMR. Rheological measurements and pour point tests were performed on crude oils treated with the polymers. The pour point of crude oils was reduced from 27°C to 6°C depending on polymer composition and concentration. PEAA-DcA-g-VA performed best at reducing pour point, indicating these
Fundamentals of petroleum processing_ lecture7-1.pdfRobinsonA9
This document discusses various fuel refining processes including catalytic isomerization and polymerization. It provides details on catalytic isomerization of light hydrocarbons to improve gasoline octane. The document describes isomerization feedstocks, catalysts used, reaction conditions, and the process technology. It also summarizes the polymerization process for producing high-octane gasoline from olefin molecules and the visbreaking process for reducing viscosity of vacuum residues through mild cracking.
Implications Of ULSD Or Low Sulphur RegimeM Hussam Adeni
The document discusses the implications of removing sulphur from diesel and gasoline fuels under the Euro IV fuel regime. Sulphur is removed through hydro-treatment at refineries to reduce emissions, but this removal also eliminates natural lubricity compounds and conductivity properties. As a result, lubricity and static dissipater additives are now required to be dosed. The removal of sulphur also promotes microbial growth, requiring biocides to be added. After-treatment additives are now necessary to provide functions like cleaning, lubrication, and conductivity that were previously inherent in fuels.
This document discusses various alternative fuels including methanol, ethanol, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and biodiesel. For each fuel, it describes how it is produced, its uses, and advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional fossil fuels. The document concludes that developing alternative fuels is important both economically and environmentally given the limited supply of current fuels and the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels.
Biomass to olefins cracking of renewable naphthapxguru
This document discusses cracking renewable naphtha produced from biomass to produce light olefins like ethylene and propylene. The biomass is first converted to a renewable naphtha fraction using a two-step process involving hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking. Comprehensive characterization of the renewable naphtha showed it consists mainly of paraffins suitable for steam cracking. Steam cracking this naphtha in a pilot plant yielded high amounts of ethylene (31 wt%) and propylene (17.5 wt%) while producing small amounts of byproducts. Experimental coking studies also showed this naphtha feed has attractive coking properties. Simulations predict higher run lengths compared to fossil n
What is this stuff on my filter, argentina 2009 (nx power lite)Phillip Bureman
The sediment layer forming in B20 and B5 blends after long term storage is caused by the oxidation and degradation of biodiesel components. Testing found the sediment contains oxidation products of biodiesel fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as acids, aldehydes and high molecular weight compounds. While biodiesel alone may oxidize, the sediment only forms when blended with petroleum diesel, likely due to polar degradation products aggregating in the non-polar diesel. Adding a small amount of antioxidant to the biodiesel prevents sediment formation. Rancimat testing is not a reliable predictor, as biodiesel with different Rancimat results all formed sediment in blends. Producers
Separation techniques in oils & fats scienceSadanand Patel
Novel Separation Techniques in Oil/Fats, Fatty acids and By products viz, sterols, tocopherols etc.
Chromatographic techniques, urea inclusion and exclusion, distillation, fractionation, crystallization etc
The document discusses the principles of green chemistry. It provides 10 principles of green chemistry including prevention of waste, increasing atom economy in chemical processes, designing safer chemical syntheses, safer solvents and auxiliaries, use of renewable feedstocks, reducing unnecessary derivatization, use of catalysis, design for energy efficiency, and design of chemicals for degradation. Each principle is explained with examples to illustrate how it can be applied to make chemistry more sustainable.
Globally, the demand for industrial catalysts is driven by the surging demand for chemicals in various end applications in industries such as personal care products, lubricants, petroleum refinery, pharmaceuticals and foods & beverages. Growing awareness among manufacturers of chemicals and consumers, related to environment and increasing emissions impacting the eco system have led to highly intense competition in the global market for catalysts.
As per research reports, the global industrial catalyst market is estimated at roughly USD 17.5 bn (depicted in Figure 5) as of FY15 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 4% - 5% during FY15 to FY20, on account of rising consumption of chemicals and their applicability. The APAC region remains the major market followed by North America and Europe. In the forecast period, the APAC region is expected to continue to witness strong growth driven by India and China
2012 05 08 eu asia biomass conference malaysia 9 may 2012 dwaAtkinderek
The document discusses developments in biobased products and bioplastics in Europe and globally. It provides an overview of Purac, a company focused on natural lactic acid, and their global presence and investments. The document then covers topics like the growing market for biobased chemicals, developments in bioplastics including increasing global production capacity, and compares bio-routes to producing different bioplastics and their theoretical versus actual yields from sugar.
This document discusses European standards and regulations for biofuels. It outlines the EU policy to increase the required percentage of biofuels blended into transportation fuels to 5.75% in 2010, 7% in 2015, and 10% in 2020. It also summarizes the progress made in developing CEN standards for biodiesel (EN 14214) and ethanol (prEN 15376) and the need to further develop standards to allow higher blends of biofuels to match advances in engine technology. The conclusion states that high-quality biofuel standards compatible with engine requirements are essential to enable the sustainable use of biofuels blended with fossil fuels.
The document describes the process for manufacturing ethanol from molasses. Key steps include:
1) Molasses from sugar industries is stored and diluted in storage and dilution tanks.
2) Yeast is cultivated and stored to ferment the molasses into an 8-10% alcohol solution.
3) Distillation processes including beer stills, aldehyde stills, rectifying columns, and anhydrous stills are used to separate and purify the ethanol into 95% and 100% concentrations.
4) Products include ethanol for industrial use, portable ethanol, and denatured ethanol for fuel. Heat integration and energy recovery are important to the efficiency of the process.
This document summarizes the preparation and characterization of a vegetable oil-based lubricant produced from oleic acid and n-octyl alcohol through an enzymatic esterification reaction. The lubricant was characterized based on various properties including acid value, viscosity, flash point, fire point and pour point. The results showed the lubricant has desirable properties for lubrication such as a viscosity of 85.5 cP, flash point of 115°C, fire point of 150°C and pour point of -19°C, indicating it could serve as a renewable and biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based lubricants.
Investigation of the Potential Use of (IILs) Immobilized Ionic Liquids in Sha...Gerard B. Hawkins
The document discusses using immobilized ionic liquids (IILs) in shale gas sweetening reactions. It proposes immobilizing a cobalt catalyst in the surface ionic liquid layer of a solid supported ionic liquid catalyst. This would create a "homogeneous catalyst" dissolved within the fixed IIL layer. Competing reactions like oxidation of sulfides to sulfones would need to be considered. Related work on using similar approaches for hydroformylation reactions is referenced. The concept aims to develop a solid IIL catalyst for sweetening reactions involving oxidation using techniques from other areas like hydroformylation.
UAN is a widely used liquid nitrogen fertilizer that offers farmers convenience and precision in application. However, UAN is also corrosive and can damage storage and transport infrastructure if not properly managed. A comprehensive corrosion management program involves mechanical, operational, and chemical strategies. This includes regular maintenance, monitoring pH and ammonia levels, using high-quality corrosion inhibitors formulated for UAN, and advanced monitoring technologies to quickly address any issues that arise. Together, these approaches help fertilizer producers safely store and transport UAN while protecting their assets.
I developed this presentation to introduce my prospects to the capabilities of Marquis Energy to produce high purity ethanol and the contract blending & packaging capabilities of Marquis XT.
This document discusses DSM's yeast technologies for ethanol production. It introduces several DSM sales and technical representatives. DSM offers two yeast products, eBOOST and eBOOST GT, which can increase ethanol yields by 3% on average compared to standard yeast. These yeasts also reduce glycerol production by up to 68% and decrease levels of contaminants like acetaldehyde. Commercial trial data shows higher ethanol levels and yields from eBOOST yeast. Charts are presented comparing eBOOST GT to a competitor's yeast showing eBOOST GT's higher sugar consumption and ethanol tolerance.
Fluid Tech is a company with 35 years of experience providing corrosion-resistant fiberglass and lined pipe, valves, pumps, tanks, and other products for applications handling corrosive chemicals. They offer a full range of fiberglass and lined products through their Cortrol family of companies. Their 9-step process involves evaluating the application details like chemical, concentration, temperature and pressure to select the proper corrosion-resistant material. They provide prefabricated piping, tanks, and other products as well as field installation and repair services.
Fluid Technology Corp, Case Study 13 FRP in fuel ethanol plantPhillip Bureman
This case study describes the use of fiberglass pipe and ducting in an ethanol plant. Fiberglass pipe between 1-42 inches in diameter was used for applications like anaerobic sludge, biogas, dilution water, and wastewater. Custom fiberglass ducting was also utilized to transport biogas and gas streams containing substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide under pressure and at high temperatures. The case study provides specifications on the fiberglass materials used, including the manufacturer, construction method, standards, and applications within the ethanol facility.
This document provides information about a career in sales engineering. It begins with the author's background and experience working in technical sales. It then discusses the company he works for, Nalco Water, and its merger with Ecolab. The author explains that he is there to talk about career directions in sales engineering. He provides examples of how sales engineers can help process engineers solve technical problems. The document discusses internship and full-time opportunities at Nalco Water. It also addresses common misconceptions about sales careers and compares sales engineering to traditional chemical engineering roles.
Although the majority of the bioethanol used in transportation fuels in Europe is imported
from either Brazil or the US, there are an increasing number of European ethanol
producers coming on-line. This article also compares the established quality specifications for fuel ethanol produced in Europe, Brazil and the USA.
This paper was presented at the Biodiesel Exposicion Technica in Rosario Argentina in July 2007. It covers the basics of biodiesel stability issues and mechanical, operational and chemical solutions to protect biodiesel stability.
The Nalco Yeast Activity Monitor (YAM) provides a more efficient alternative to traditional cell counting methods for monitoring yeast activity during fermentation. The YAM evaluates a larger population of yeast cells than cell counting and provides direct, precise, and accurate measures of yeast viability and metabolic rate. Using the YAM can help optimize propagation and fermentation processes, establish trends, identify problems earlier, and increase ethanol production. Nalco offers the YAM for purchase or low-cost trial and can provide a price quote.
Nalco Tracer Technology Is Now Available
in a pHe Buffering Ethanol Corrosion Inhibitor
GIVING ETHANOL PRODUCERS UNPRECENDENTED POWER TO MANAGE ETHANOL QUALITY
Ethanol corrosion inhibitor is vital tool for fuel marketers. Proper dosage prevents corrosion and protects fuel system components. Ethanol corrosion inhibitor dosage has long been difficult to control because there wasn’t a good way to measure inhibitor content.
To solve the problem, Nalco adapted our Trasar Technology – which Nalco has used in water treatment chemicals for 20+ years to this important fuel additive. Now ethanol producers and their customers can be assured that the optimal amount of EC5624ATR has been added.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Ethanol Storage Best Practices
1. ethanol storage biofuels
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What considerations are necessary when storing ethanol?
Good ethanol
storage practices
F
or more than 30 years, of petrol corrosion inhibitor
fuel ethanol has been in combination with caustic
transported and stored contaminants sometimes found
safely and effectively around in petrol. The exact cause is still
the world. The two main areas being investigated. However, the
of consideration for fuel ethanol industry trend among ethanol
storage are physical construction producers now is to minimise
and operation of the storage tank corrosion inhibitor/pHe buffer
and preventing any contamination usage. Ethanol marketers should
or unwanted changes to the be aware that as inhibitor treat
fuel ethanol during the storage Without proper buffering additive, fuel ethanol pHe quickly falls below rates are lowered, there is an
period. First, physical attributes specification increased potential for pHe
of the storage tank that should and other corrosion problems
be considered include ensuring byproducts of fermentation. ethanol as a blend component. prevented by the corrosion
the incorporation of compatible The pHe of fuel ethanol is a The Renewable Fuels inhibitor. Therefore as dosage
materials of construction and the measure of the acid strength Association in the US has gets closer to the minimum
specific tank operation, such as and is currently accepted as a recommended a procedure for required, accurate inhibitor
a high or low product draw and predictor of the fuel ethanol’s evaluation of corrosion inhibitor/ treat rate control becomes ever
good tank recirculation capability. corrosion potential. Low pHe pHe buffer performance that more important. Since both
Due to ethanol’s affinity for fuel ethanol has been linked to includes a requirement that over and under treatment of
water, ‘open’ floating roof tanks higher potential for corrosion. proper buffering be maintained inhibitor can result in engine
-storage tanks with the floating High pHe fuel ethanol may for up to 16 weeks. Fuel damage, fuel ethanol purchasers
roof operating as the roof of the contribute to failure of plastic and ethanol buyers should check should insist that the type and
tank that is also open to the other elastomeric parts found in for proper pHe on incoming amount of corrosion inhibitor
atmosphere, should be avoided engine fuel systems. In the US, shipments. There is a written be included on the certificate of
in an effort to minimize the risk of fuel ethanol pHe is specified to be ASTM procedure to determine analysis for every shipment.
water ingress. Secondly, many maintained between 6.5 and 9. pHe, ASTM D6423.
advancements have been made to Fortunately, corrosion and Contaminants
confirm the stability of fuel ethanol pHe can be easily managed by Every action has an
during storage over the past the application of the proper opposite reaction The corrosivity of any fuel
two decades. Monitoring of fuel amount of chemical fuel additive. including ethanol can be
ethanol characteristics, specifically The dominant type of additive The use of pHe buffering worsened by contaminants such
the pHe, water content and used consists of a blend of corrosion inhibitors, especially as chlorides and sulphates.
conductivity, during storage are organic acid corrosion inhibitor in excessive amounts, has been Though these contaminants are
recommended to confirm proper (commonly used in petrol and linked to engine problems such tightly controlled at the ethanol
storage conditions have been diesel fuel) along with an organic as intake valve deposits (IVDs). producer level, they can appear
maintained. A further discussion of amine that acts to neutralise the The problem IVDs may also be again in mid-level blends with
the properties to monitor follows. effects of the small amounts of caused or contributed to by petrol, which itself can be a
Pioneering research by General acids found in new ethanol and the use of excessive amounts source of chloride and sulfate
Motors in the early 1990s created those acids that may be formed
the concept of pHe – the pH over time. Together, these two
of fuel ethanol. By definition, components manage corrosion
pH is associated with water. issues and they are capable of
But fuel ethanol is essentially buffering the ethanol pHe for
anhydrous. GM’s research led long periods of time. This type of
to the discovery that ethanol additive is almost always used in
that contained large amounts North America, but is not normally
of dissolved CO2 (a natural used in South America. However,
byproduct of fermentation) along much of the ethanol now being
with small amounts of water will imported from South America
form carbonic acid over time. In to Europe is being treated with
addition, fuel ethanol may contain corrosion inhibitor/pHe buffer
small amounts of acetic and by the major oil companies
lactic acids that are unwanted and fuel marketers that use Intake valve deposits
supplement biofuels international april 2012 7