This document discusses European standards and regulations for biofuels. It outlines the EU policy to increase the required percentage of biofuels blended into transportation fuels to 5.75% in 2010, 7% in 2015, and 10% in 2020. It also summarizes the progress made in developing CEN standards for biodiesel (EN 14214) and ethanol (prEN 15376) and the need to further develop standards to allow higher blends of biofuels to match advances in engine technology. The conclusion states that high-quality biofuel standards compatible with engine requirements are essential to enable the sustainable use of biofuels blended with fossil fuels.
Biofuel terminology is very imprecise and there is a general market concern that biofuel is a necessary evil imposed by legislation because of the real operational issues that have been experienced in the market. Discover Crown HVO.
Webinar broadcast 24 May 2012. Second in a series previewing results of a long-term study by the ICCT of India's program to regulate and control emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles—cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. Offers a broad overview of the influence of fuel quality on vehicle emissions, and assesses India's past, present, and possible future fuel-quality standards and compliance programs in the context of international best practices, with particular emphasis on sulfur content of fuels.
Biofuel terminology is very imprecise and there is a general market concern that biofuel is a necessary evil imposed by legislation because of the real operational issues that have been experienced in the market. Discover Crown HVO.
Webinar broadcast 24 May 2012. Second in a series previewing results of a long-term study by the ICCT of India's program to regulate and control emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles—cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. Offers a broad overview of the influence of fuel quality on vehicle emissions, and assesses India's past, present, and possible future fuel-quality standards and compliance programs in the context of international best practices, with particular emphasis on sulfur content of fuels.
Engines in ships, aircraft, vehicles and tanks can be much more energy efficient. This is because nano-clusters of fuel particles can be better utilized, reducing emissions and fuel wastage. The life of the engine is enhanced.
Fev at the third edition of Take A Breath, workshop organized by Loccioni Group, to discuss the potential of innovation in the automotive industry.
On 28th and 29th June 2012, 50 companies of 12 countries - including automobile manufacturers (OEMs), automotive component manufacturers (Tier 1) and the international scientific community - met in Italy in Marche region, to discuss the future of the motor.The international speakers parterre - from Volksvagen to Daimler, from General Motors to Ferrari, with Denso, Magneti Marelli, Continental, Delphi, Bosch, IAV, Cummins, Fev, Ricardo with the Polytechnic of Turin and Chalmers University - has drawn the technical, economic and scientific scenario of the sector as well as the current international strategies.
Comparative Study for Biodiesel Properties and Standards for Gas TurbineJOACHIM AGOU
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, decrease of the conventional oil reserves,
environmental and economic concerns, bio-fuels have gathered a significant attention
as alternative fuels for the future. Their applications in automobiles, industrial gas
turbines and aviation are increasing day by day. This article will discuss bio-diesels and
will provide an overview of their physical properties and compositions, which play an
important role in their injection, atomization, combustion performance and emissions.
Furthermore, it will be judicious to mention the conformity of bio-diesels and their
blends with the standards and regulations. Consequently, the purpose of this study will
be to reveal the acceptance criteria imposed by the standards in order to determine
which bio-diesels will be the most adequate.
Engines in ships, aircraft, vehicles and tanks can be much more energy efficient. This is because nano-clusters of fuel particles can be better utilized, reducing emissions and fuel wastage. The life of the engine is enhanced.
Fev at the third edition of Take A Breath, workshop organized by Loccioni Group, to discuss the potential of innovation in the automotive industry.
On 28th and 29th June 2012, 50 companies of 12 countries - including automobile manufacturers (OEMs), automotive component manufacturers (Tier 1) and the international scientific community - met in Italy in Marche region, to discuss the future of the motor.The international speakers parterre - from Volksvagen to Daimler, from General Motors to Ferrari, with Denso, Magneti Marelli, Continental, Delphi, Bosch, IAV, Cummins, Fev, Ricardo with the Polytechnic of Turin and Chalmers University - has drawn the technical, economic and scientific scenario of the sector as well as the current international strategies.
Comparative Study for Biodiesel Properties and Standards for Gas TurbineJOACHIM AGOU
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, decrease of the conventional oil reserves,
environmental and economic concerns, bio-fuels have gathered a significant attention
as alternative fuels for the future. Their applications in automobiles, industrial gas
turbines and aviation are increasing day by day. This article will discuss bio-diesels and
will provide an overview of their physical properties and compositions, which play an
important role in their injection, atomization, combustion performance and emissions.
Furthermore, it will be judicious to mention the conformity of bio-diesels and their
blends with the standards and regulations. Consequently, the purpose of this study will
be to reveal the acceptance criteria imposed by the standards in order to determine
which bio-diesels will be the most adequate.
Découvrons le monde des whisky vieillis en fût de sherry! 3 produits en dégustation accompagnés de 3 bière et d'une présentation de Jean-François Pilon.
Une soirée dégustation de brandy ça vous dit?
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Seminar about the revolutionary impact given by the Pd catalysis to organic synthesis and, as consequence, to medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. A tribute to three amazing Nobel Prizes and a little bit of my personal experience....
O movimento social da cibercultura - Pierre Lévy - case BliiveBianca Bordignon
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The main aim of the project will be to design a SMS driven automatic display toolkit which can replace the currently used programmable electronic display.
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Spamalot: The Quest for the Holy Grail of Email MarketingJeff Ebbing
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HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) is non-toxic gas, used as a supplement to any traditional fuels such as Petrol (Gasoline), Diesel, Heavy oil, Acetylene, Propane, Kerosene, LPG etc to.
Increse Engine Performance, Milage
Polution Free Exhaust
www.watercar.in
Although the majority of the bioethanol used in transportation fuels in Europe is imported
from either Brazil or the US, there are an increasing number of European ethanol
producers coming on-line. This article also compares the established quality specifications for fuel ethanol produced in Europe, Brazil and the USA.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
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Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
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Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: The WebAuthn API and Discoverable Credentials.pdf
European Biofuel Standards & Regulations
1. EUROPEAN BIOFUEL STANDARDS
AND REGULATIONS
BARRY CAHILL (PSA PEUGEOT CITROEN)
CONVENOR CEN TASK FORCE ETHANOL
CONVENOR CEN TASK FORCE BIODIESEL
27 February 2007
PSA Peugeot Citroën 1
2. BIOFUELS : a positive double impact
An immediately available solution to reduce
exhaust pollutants and CO2
Gasoline pathway Diesel fuel pathway
MT Ethanol FAEE FAME BtL
Beet,
Syn- Ethyl esters of rapeseed, Methyl esters of rapeseed... « Biomass to liquid » :
Cereals
fuels sunflower, soy... Fischer Tropsch diesel
Sugar
® cane(Brazil)
Cellulose (R&D) NexBTL®, HBio®
Refinery component
HTU® + HD0
ETBE
2
3. European Biofuel Standards and Regulations
Intense activity in Europe regarding biofuels:
EU policy for 5.75% bio energy in automotive fuels in 2010
7% bio energy in 2015
10% bio energy in 2020
Reasons are well known :
reduce dependancy on petroleum products
reduce C02 emissions
support the agricultural community
A major activity supporting this policy is the establishment of
European regulations and standards
3
4. European Biofuel Standards and Regulations
In Europe, fuel specifications are established by three means:
By EU Directive: the parameters and limits are those that
influence the environment
e.g. lead, sulphur, volatility, PAH...
Generally a Directive is obligatory in all EU member states.
By CEN standards: these are full standards drawn up by
industry experts, incorporating Directive elements (when
they exist) and incorporated into National Regulations
Additionally, national standards apply for special cases,
e.g. France allows B30 for captive fleets
Sweden allows E95 for diesel bus fleets
4
5. STANDARDS PROGRESS TO DATE
What have we achieved so far?
A CEN Task Force worked on a Biodiesel specification that is
now the Standard EN 14214:
methyl ester based on knowledge of existing oils, mainly
rapeseed, sunflower
involved experts from Auto, Oil, Agricultural industries
fuel can be used at 100% in adapted vehicles, or as a blend
component in conventional diesel fuel
working well in market, 3.2 MT in 2005, will double soon.
component at 5% in EN590 diesel fuel
component at 30% in captive fleet fuel
finished fuel at 100% in Germany for adapted vehicles
5
6. STANDARDS PROGRESS TO DATE
CEN Taskforce working on European ethanol standard
since 2004, now practically finished:
known as prEN 15376
involves experts from Auto, Oil, Agricultural industries
specifies ethanol as a blending component at up to 5%
many new measurement standards developed
takes into account specific requirements of ethanol distribution
and use in Europe:
low water content
range of non-harmful denaturants
level of impurities that will not harm exhaust gas treatment systems
when used at up to 5%
draft standard will be voted this year
6
8. TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE
Engine technology is being driven to high levels of sophistication due to:
customer expectations for driveablity, power, low maintainance
reduced fuel consumption / CO2
increasingly severe exhaust emissions regulations
more space for vehicle occupants / less space for engines
down-sizing engines
The EPEFE programme in Europe, and similar programmes elsewhere,
have shown that engines are sensitive to fuel quality. So engine progress
must be matched by progress in fuel quality to adapt fuels to engine
needs.
The presence of biological components add an extra set of fuel
characteristics that may compromise good engine driveability and
durability.
8
9. Recent progress in Diesel engines
Many millions of high pressure direct injection « common rail »
engines are is use since introduction in 1998
9
10. Diesel Particulate Filter System
Injector +
régulator
High pressure Fuel tank
HDi pump Calculator
engine Feed pump
1 2 3 1. Pilot injection
ADDITIVE TANK
2. Principal injection
3. Secondary injection
Common rail Sensors : P and T
injectionl
Exhaust gas
DPF silencer
Oxydation
catalyst DPF
Engine fuel COMMON RAIL
system
The particule is intercepted
and burned
10
11. Effects of Biofuels on Engines
Ethanol in Gasoline
Increases volatility
driveablility impact
evaporative emissions impact
Water content increased
corrosion of components
water separation, engine damage
Biodiesel in petroleum-based Diesel fuel
less stable than conventional Diesel fuel
injector fouling, engine power loss
impurities,
catalyst damage
boiling characteristics
engine oil dilution, engine damage
11
12. Next Steps
Create a new diesel fuel standard to permit B10
Review EN14214 biodiesel standard to allow a wider
feedstock base
Create a new standard for gasoline permitting E10
Modify prEN15376 ethanol standard for use at all
percentage blends
Create a European standard for E85 fuel
12
13. World Biofuel Standards?
Engine requirements in terms of fuel are the same the
world over - see World Wide Fuel Charter
The engine constraints mentioned earlier incite engine
makers to demand fuels of very high quality
Biofuel producers must recognise and follow this trend if
they wish to access the market. If automobile owners
associate biofuel with vehicle problems, there is not any
future for biofuels
World biofuel standards may be possible, but only at high
quality levels consistent with engine requirements
13
14. Conclusion / Perspectives
The internal combustion engine will remain as the
automotive power source for many years to come.
Fossil fuels with renewable energy forms, including
biofuels blends, will contribute to sustainability.
Fuels of high quality, including biofuel blends with
backwards compatibility, are essential for trouble-free
vehicle operation.
Good fuel standards and market quality monitoring are an
essential components of this scenario
14