The document discusses different types of isomers including constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, enantiomers, and diastereomers. It explains chirality and how molecules can be chiral if they are non-superimposable on their mirror images. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system for assigning R/S configurations is described, which involves ranking substituents and determining clockwise or counterclockwise orientation. Enantiomers have opposite optical rotations while diastereomers can have any optical rotation. Molecules can have multiple chiral centers leading to multiple stereoisomers that may be enantiomers or diastereomers.
Unit i.Optical Isomerism as per PCI syllabus of POC-III Ganesh Mote
Unit I optical isomerism which is included in PCI syllabus of Sem IV of POC-III subject
This Unit Includes all points of Unit I such as nomenclature, R& S, d&l, D& L isomerism, Meso compounds, diastereomers, chirality, resolution of racemic mixture, enantiomers, Asymmetric synthesis,
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Stereochemistry Assignment
Conformational isomerism
Conformations of Ethane:
Conformations of Cyclohexane
Representation of conformations:
Sawhorse projection:
Newman projection:
The conformational analysis of cyclohexane
CONFORMATION OF MONO SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANE
Biphenyl derivatives & Atropisomerism:Optical activity in Biphenyls, Stereochemistry of biphenyl derivatives, rules and assigning RS configuration to biphenyls
Unit i.Optical Isomerism as per PCI syllabus of POC-III Ganesh Mote
Unit I optical isomerism which is included in PCI syllabus of Sem IV of POC-III subject
This Unit Includes all points of Unit I such as nomenclature, R& S, d&l, D& L isomerism, Meso compounds, diastereomers, chirality, resolution of racemic mixture, enantiomers, Asymmetric synthesis,
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Stereochemistry Assignment
Conformational isomerism
Conformations of Ethane:
Conformations of Cyclohexane
Representation of conformations:
Sawhorse projection:
Newman projection:
The conformational analysis of cyclohexane
CONFORMATION OF MONO SUBSTITUTED CYCLOHEXANE
Biphenyl derivatives & Atropisomerism:Optical activity in Biphenyls, Stereochemistry of biphenyl derivatives, rules and assigning RS configuration to biphenyls
Chirality and its biological role (English language) - www.wespeakscience.comZeqir Kryeziu
This presentation focuses on organic chemistry, especially stereochemistry for 3D shape of molecules. When the same chemical substance differs in its spatial construct it changes in a drastic way its own features, in a biological environment.
Geometric isomerism of alkenes, cyclic compounds: cis-trans and (E)-(Z) system of
nomenclature
b) Conformational isomers: Open chain and cyclic system
c) Chirality of molecules: Enantiomers, diastereomers, racemic modification, Meso
compound, R & S configuration, sequence rule, Optical rotation
d) Asymmetric synthesis: Preparation of enantiomers by asymmetric synthesis & optical
resolution method
e) Stereo selective and stereo specific reaction
f) Pharmaceutical importance of studding stereochemistry
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
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Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
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Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
5. Chirality A molecule is chiral if its two mirror image forms are not superposable upon one another. A molecule is achiral if its two mirror image forms are superposable.
14. w x y C z The Chirality Center a carbon atom with fourdifferent groups attached to it also called: chiral centerasymmetric centerstereocenter stereogenic center
15. H F Cl C Br Chirality and chirality centers A molecule with a single chirality center is chiral. Bromochlorofluoromethane is an example.
16. H CH3 CH2CH3 C OH Chirality and chirality centers A molecule with a single chirality center is chiral. 2-Butanol is another example.
18. OH Examples of molecules with 1 chirality center Linalool, a naturally occurring chiral alcohol
19. H2C CHCH3 O Examples of molecules with 1 chirality center 1,2-Epoxypropane: a chirality center can be part of a ring attached to the chirality center are: —H —CH3 —OCH2 —CH2O
20. CH3 H C CH2 CH3 Examples of molecules with 1 chirality center Limonene: a chirality center can be part of a ring attached to thechirality center are: —H —CH2CH2 —CH2CH= —C=
21. H CH3 D C T Examples of molecules with 1 chirality center Chiral as a result of isotopic substitution
22. A molecule with a single chirality centermust be chiral. But, a molecule with two or more chirality centers may be chiral or it may not.
24. Optical Activity A substance is optically active if it rotates the plane of polarized light. In order for a substance to exhibit opticalactivity, it must be chiral and one enantiomer must be present in excess of the other.
25. Light has wave properties periodic increase and decrease in amplitude of wave
26. Light optical activity is usually measured using light having a wavelength of 589 nm this is the wavelength of the yellow light from a sodium lamp and is called the D line of sodium
27. Polarized light ordinary (nonpolarized) light consists of many beams vibrating in different planes plane-polarized light consists of only those beams that vibrate in the same plane
31. Configuration Relative configuration compares the arrangement of atoms in space of one compound with those of another. Absolute configuration is the precise arrangement of atoms in space.
32. Configuration Relative configuration compares the arrangement of atoms in space of one compound with those of another.until the 1950s, all configurations were relative Absolute configuration is the precise arrangement of atoms in space. we can now determine the absolute configuration of almost any compound
33. CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CHCH CH2 OH OH Relative configuration Pd [] + 33.2° [] + 13.5° No bonds are made or broken at the chirality centerin this experiment. Therefore, when (+)-3-buten-2-ol and (+)-2-butanol have the same sign of rotation, the arrangement of atoms in space is analogous. The twohave the same relative configuration.
34. H HO H HO OH OH H H Two possibilities H2, Pd H2, Pd But in the absence of additional information, we can't tell which structure corresponds to(+)-3-buten-2-ol, and which one to (–)-3-buten-2-ol.
35. H HO H HO OH OH H H Two possibilities H2, Pd H2, Pd Nor can we tell which structure corresponds to(+)-2-butanol, and which one to (–)-2-butanol.
36. H HO H HO OH OH H H Absolute configurations H2, Pd [] +33.2° [] +13.5° H2, Pd [] –13.5° [] –33.2°
37. CH3CH2CHCH2Br CH3CH2CHCH2OH CH3 CH3 Relative configuration HBr [] -5.8° [] + 4.0° Not all compounds that have the same relativeconfiguration have the same sign of rotation. No bondsare made or broken at the chirality center in thereaction shown, so the relative positions of the atoms are the same. Yet the sign of rotation changes.
39. Two requirements for a systemfor specifying absolute configuration 1. need rules for ranking substituents at chirality center in order of decreasing precedence 2. need convention for orienting molecule so that order of appearance of substituents can be compared with rank The system that is used was devised by R. S. Cahn, Sir Christopher Ingold, and V. Prelog.
40. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules 1. Rank the substituents at the chirality center according to same rules used in E-Z notation. 2. Orient the molecule so that lowest-ranked substituent points away from you.
41. 1 1 4 3 3 4 2 2 Example Order of decreasing rank:4 > 3 > 2 > 1
42. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules 1. Rank the substituents at the chirality center according to same rules used in E-Z notation. 2. Orient the molecule so that lowest-ranked substituent points away from you. 3. If the order of decreasing precedence traces a clockwise path, the absolute configuration is R. If the path is counterclockwise, the configuration is S.
43. 1 1 4 3 3 4 2 2 counterclockwise clockwise R S Example Order of decreasing rank:43 2
44. H H CH2CH3 CH3CH2 C HO C OH CH3 H3C (S)-2-Butanol (R)-2-Butanol Enantiomers of 2-butanol
45. Very important! Two different compounds with the same sign of rotation need not have the same configuration. Verify this statement by doing Problem. All four compounds have positive rotations. What are their configurations according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules?
46. H H3C R H H Chirality center in a ring —CH2C=C > —CH2CH2 > —CH3 > —H
47. Fischer Projections Purpose of Fischer projections is to show configuration at chirality center without necessity of drawing wedges and dashes or using models.
48. Rules for Fischer projections H Cl Br F Arrange the molecule so that horizontal bonds at chirality center point toward you and vertical bonds point away from you.
49. Rules for Fischer projections H Br Cl F Projection of molecule on page is a cross. When represented this way it is understood that horizontal bonds project outward, vertical bonds are back.
50. Rules for Fischer projections H Br Cl F Projection of molecule on page is a cross. When represented this way it is understood that horizontal bonds project outward, vertical bonds are back.
52. Physical properties of enantiomers Same: melting point, boiling point, density, etc Different: properties that depend on shape of molecule (biological-physiological properties) can be different
53. Odor CH3 CH3 O O H3C H3C CH2 CH2 (–)-Carvonespearmint oil (+)-Carvonecaraway seed oil
54. H H3C CH2CH(CH3)2 C C HO O Chiral drugs Ibuprofen is chiral, but normally sold asa racemic mixture. The S enantiomer is the one responsible for its analgesic and antiinflammatory properties.
56. O CH3CHCHCOH HO OH 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid 2 3 What are all the possible R and S combinations of the two chirality centers in this molecule? Carbon-2 R R S S Carbon-3 R S R S
57. O CH3CHCHCOH HO OH 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid 2 3 4 Combinations = 4 Stereoisomers Carbon-2 R R S S Carbon-3 R S R S
58. O CH3CHCHCOH HO OH 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid 2 3 4 Combinations = 4 Stereoisomers What is the relationship between these stereoisomers? Carbon-2 R R S S Carbon-3 R S R S
59. O CH3CHCHCOH HO OH 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid 2 3 enantiomers: 2R,3R and 2S,3S 2R,3S and 2S,3R Carbon-2 R R S S Carbon-3 R S R S
60. CO2H CO2H [] = -9.5° [] = +9.5° R S HO OH H H enantiomers OH HO H H R S CH3 CH3 CO2H CO2H S R OH HO H H enantiomers OH H HO H R S [] = -17.8° [] = +17.8° CH3 CH3
61. O CH3CHCHCOH HO OH 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic acid 2 3 but not all relationships are enantiomeric stereoisomers that are not enantiomers are diastereomers Carbon-2 R R S S Carbon-3 R S R S
63. CO2H CO2H R S HO OH H H OH HO H H R S CH3 CH3 diastereomers CO2H CO2H S R OH HO H H OH H HO H R S CH3 CH3 [] = -9.5° [] = +9.5° enantiomers enantiomers [] = -17.8° [] = +17.8°
64. Fischer Projections recall for Fischer projection: horizontal bonds point toward you; vertical bonds point away staggered conformation does not have correct orientation of bonds for Fischer projection CO2H CH3
65. Fischer projections transform molecule to eclipsed conformation in order to construct Fischer projection
67. Two chirality centers in a ring S R S R trans-1-Bromo-1-chlorocyclopropane nonsuperposable mirror images; enantiomers
68. Two chirality centers in a ring S S R R cis-1-Bromo-1-chlorocyclopropane nonsuperposable mirror images; enantiomers
69. Two chirality centers in a ring S S R R cis-1-Bromo-1-chloro-cyclopropane trans-1-Bromo-1-chloro-cyclopropane stereoisomers that are notenantiomers; diastereomers