The document discusses the metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology of essentialism and perennialism. For essentialism, metaphysics focuses on what improves individual lives and benefits humanity. Epistemology holds that truth exists in science and is gained through experience and rational thought. Axiology asserts that values are determined by nature and exist in the best cultures. For perennialism, metaphysics seeks constant truths in Western culture. Epistemology views truth as unchanging and found through reflection on classics. Axiology considers values to be changeless and determined by reality itself.

1. Elton John B. Embodo BSEdMath-4
Metaphysics of essentialism, in my own opinion as what I see it, Humanity cannot survive
without the Union of Male and Female. Yes we do need people, food and things as essential to our
existence just like the plants need the sun and the rain and the richness of the soil, as the rain cannot
become a rain without water vapour, and the soil cannot be rich without the decayed organisms and other
plants. Humans can survive without religion but religion cannot survive without humans. So, the nature of
Essentialism focuses on the things that can really help the individuals in the society to live with happiness
and contentment. Students must learn the fundamental 3R’s because these are essential to the acquisition
of higher or more complex skills needed in the preparation for adult life while Metaphysics of
Perennialism refers to what is the meaning of life is the pursuit for unchanging or constant truth that can
be found in common wisdom of the Western culture. To search for truth, we must use our reasoning skills
thus; schools should develop the students’ rational and moral powers.
Epistemology of Essentialism, tells that truth exists in classic and modern science, which means
that truth comes from or can occur through science. Students must learn process and content, it means that
students should learn the content of certain thing to be taught and how it is being done or it’s process. The
students can gain knowledge through their daily interaction with the other people around them by using
their intellect while Epistemology of Perennialism tells that the truth is constant and unchangeable.
Anything that perceived as truth is will always be truth and will never be changed.
Axiology of Essentialism, Essentialism is determined through the natural order of things. Values
exist in the best of culture. It is governed through the natural order of things which means that what is
supposed or expected to happen on that certain thing determines the Essentialism. Example, human being
has growth and probably will die because that is what expected to happen to it. Values exist in the best of
culture. Accordingly, the values will only exist in the best of culture, so that means that values rely on its
best of culture while Perennialism is changeless and values is determined by the very nature of reality. So
that means that values are based on what occurs in the reality and it has no change.
Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology
Essentialism -what is pertinent is
what improves an
individual live healthy
& what brings
advantage to humanity
-truth exists in the
classics and modern
science. Students must
learn process & content.
Knowledge is gained
through the interaction
of experiences &
rational thought.
-it is determined by the
natural order of things.
Values exist in the best
of culture.
Perennialism -the meaning of life is
the pursuit for
consistent truth found in
the common wisdom of
Western culture.
-the truth and
knowledge are
unchanging, disclosed
through guided
reflection & in classics
of Western culture
-it is changeless.
Determined by the very
nature of reality.