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Esri News for Oceans Fall 2012 newsletter
1. The Tide Is in for Ocean Geodesign
SeaSketch Makes Marine Spatial Planning Easier and More Collaborative
By Will McClintock and Evan Paul, Marine Science Institute, McClintock Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara
Technology enables planners to conduct rapid and iterative analysis
of the impacts of a potential initiative or project. This feedback on
designs using geospatial technologies is called geodesign, and it has
come to play a large role in diverse fields of planning. By using geode-
sign techniques and technologies to create plans, scientists and others
are better able to balance competing interests among the policy
makers, resource managers, environmentalists, and stakeholders who
manage the earth’s resources.
for Oceans
Esri News
Fall 2012
Geodesign is beginning to be used in planning for the oceans.
Recently, Esri launched its Oceans GIS initiative, which includes im-
proving the global Ocean Basemap, developing better oceanographic
charting capabilities, and creating a bathymetric data management
solution. Another part of this initiative is Esri’s support of SeaSketch, an
application that will be used in marine spatial planning efforts around
the world. SeaSketch is a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution that
SeaSketch can be used to reroute shipping lanes so ships will avoid the feeding grounds and migratory routes of endangered whales.
continued on page 3
3. incorporates ArcGIS technologies. People will find SeaSketch useful
for marine work such as aquaculture (fisheries) siting, offshore energy
development, and marine protected area management planning.
Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), re-
cently finished the initial development of SeaSketch. It’s a GIS platform
designed for marine spatial planners and ocean resource managers
who need to work with partner agencies and stakeholders to make de-
cisions about ocean resources. In SeaSketch, planners set up an online
collaborative workspace where stakeholders sketch plan elements (e.g.,
marine protected areas, aquaculture sites, offshore energy facilities),
understand the designs’ potential consequences, and work with other
users to find agreement.
SeaSketch can be customized for particular planning tasks, and
analytical tools can be incorporated for the specific needs of planning
projects. Users can plan diverse sketch elements with tailored analyti-
cal tools within SeaSketch. This workflow supports multiple-objective
planning by providing a venue for comprehensive data visualization
and analysis and a forum for productive, cross-disciplinary discus-
sions. The designs can then be submitted for consideration within the
decision-making process to determine how best to protect marine life,
manage fisheries, modify shipping lanes, and produce energy within
the constraints of regulations, boundaries, timelines, and budgets.
Traditional planning techniques have been constrained by time, dis-
tance, and the availability of expertise. SeaSketch enables stakeholders
to participate remotely and in face-to-face meetings, at any time, and
use an intuitive mapping interface to better understand and discuss
proposals. The result is a more robust, authentic, and science-based
involvement of stakeholders in the planning process.
SeaSketch developers built on the many strengths of MarineMap,
their previous marine spatial planning tool. MarineMap was initially
developed to support the planning process for California’s Marine
Life Protection Act Initiative, which required the state to evaluate and
redesign its system of marine protected areas. Users with web access
can take advantage of MarineMap to display maps, sketch marine
protected area proposals, generate analytical reports, and share
proposals with others.
SeaSketch is less expensive, easier to maintain, and faster to deploy
than its predecessor. Project managers use an administrative interface
to create and configure new projects. They also configure details such
as the study area, available data layers, and the feature classes to be
collected from users. Because SeaSketch incorporates Esri’s ArcGIS
API for JavaScript, project managers move seamlessly from their
ArcGIS for Desktop and ArcGIS for Server environments into SeaSketch.
SeaSketch also leverages an agency’s investments in ArcGIS for
Server by directly pulling in the agency’s published map services,
ensuring that SeaSketch is using the organization’s most current data.
Esri’s ArcGIS Online map service, which is a cloud-based, collaborative
content management system for maps, applications, data, and other
geospatial information, plays a major role in SeaSketch by enabling
project managers to discover and view an enormous amount of ad-
ditional geospatial data that may be helpful for their projects.
For more information about SeaSketch,
contact Will McClintock at mcclintock@
msi.ucsb.edu. If you are interested in
using SeaSketch for an upcoming
marine spatial planning project, contact
Evan Paul at evan.paul@msi.ucsb.edu.
Read more about geodesign at
esri.com/geodesign.
Ñ Stakeholders can
propose new designs,
conduct analyses,
and produce reports.
3Fall 2012 esri.com/oceans
The Tide Is in for Ocean Geodesign continued from page 1
4. Chief Scientist Announces
Esri Ocean GIS Initiative
GIS technology, which has long provided effective solutions for the
integration, visualization, and analysis of information about land, is now
being similarly applied to oceans. Our ability to measure change in
the oceans (including open ocean, nearshore, and coast) is increasing
not only because of improved measuring devices and scientific
techniques but also because new GIS technology is aiding us in better
understanding this dynamic environment. The domain has progressed
from applications that merely collect and display data to complex
simulation and modeling and the development of new research
methods and concepts.
Esri chief scientist Dawn Wright announced Esri’s Ocean GIS
Initiative at the 2012 Esri International User Conference. “The team
supporting this initiative is composed of professional services staff, GIS
software engineers, project managers, instructors, Esri partners, and
many others,” said Wright.
For several years, Esri has provided GIS nautical chart production
tools and applications for commercial shipping and maritime defense/
intelligence. With the Ocean GIS Initiative, Esri will develop technology
useful for offshore energy (e.g., oil and gas, wind energy), ocean science,
and resource management. Esri is pursuing a greater engagement
with the ocean science community, as complex questions and data are
increasingly used to inform the responsible use and governance of the
oceans as well as effective management and conservation. Many of the
following ocean initiative activities are under way:
•• Growing the Ocean Basemap
•• Building a more integrated elevation service
•• Providing intelligent bathymetry in the cloud
•• Establishing ArcGIS Resource Center for oceans and maritime
•• Convening an Oceans Summit to build consensus on GIS needs
•• Updating and supporting the Arc Marine Data Model
•• Developing vertical, time-dependent data transformations
•• Improving support for multidimensional data analyses
•• Supporting ocean numerical models
For more information about
Esri’s Ocean GIS Initiative, download the
e-book at esri.com/oceangis.
“Esri has recently launched
a major Ocean GIS Initiative across
the entire company.”
Dawn Wright, Esri Chief Scientist
Ô Dawn Wright announced the Esri Ocean GIS Initiative at the Esri
International User Conference.
5. Esri Ocean GIS Initiative
Esri Oceans
Summit Guides GIS
Development
The Esri Oceans Summit is the first GIS event dedicated to oceans.
Esri invited members of the international ocean science community
to Esri headquarters in Redlands, California, on November 7–8, 2012,
to define and prioritize technology gaps in ocean science GIS and
address data and method standards. Their input will help Esri better
support ocean data integration and develop analytical tools that
improve standardization, workflows, and collaborative platforms for
the ocean science community.
Esri Joins
World Ocean Council
Esri has joined the ocean business alliance World Ocean Council
(WOC) and will support its international initiatives for sustainable de-
velopment and conservation of the ocean. Esri’s chief scientist Dawn
Wright will share her geospatial expertise with WOC’s working groups
Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) and Ocean Science.
WOC develops and implements programs that improve the sci-
ence, data, and maps needed to address the challenges of sustain-
able ocean use. For example, WOC helps ocean organizations un-
derstand and participate in geospatial activities that support robust
ocean use maps. In addition, WOC has launched the Smart Ocean/
Smart Industries program, which will increase the number and types
of industry vessels and ocean platforms that collect georeferenced
ocean, climate, and weather data.
“Esri’s alliance with the World Ocean Council and participation
in its working groups will help us advance our Ocean GIS Initiative,”
said Wright. “The success of the council’s programs and objectives
requires spatial thinking, spatial data, and spatial methods. GIS will
play a key role in meeting sustainability objectives and developing
international ocean policy.“
ArcGIS Resource
Center Offers Ocean
GIS Services
Esri’s ArcGIS Resource Center helps you stay up-to-date with what’s
trending with GIS. Access the community resource pages Ocean Use
Planning (resources) and ArcGIS for Maritime (charting). This portal
puts web mapping data services, basemaps, and templates at your
fingertips. Join a forum discussion, share ideas, link to ocean agency
GIS sites, watch videos, stroll through the ocean map gallery, and
follow social media. We have put it all together for you in one place.
Connect to an
ArcGIS Resource community at
resources.arcgis.com/en/communities.
Stay current with ocean technology at the ArcGIS Resource Center.
5Fall 2012 esri.com/oceans
6. Create Charts and Manage Bathymetric Data
on the Platform
ArcGIS for Maritime is a comprehensive geospatial platform for chart
production and nautical and bathymetric data management. The plat-
form helps users manage maritime information systems and efficiently
generate a variety of navigational and nonnavigational products in
compliance with industry and organizational standards and require-
ments. This platform supports a wide variety of users in port manage-
ment, maritime transport, coastal management, offshore activities,
nautical chart production, and maritime defense.
Use the ArcGIS for Maritime platform to build, maintain, and create
standard nautical charts. Manage, visualize, and share bathymetric data
as measurements and surfaces. The platform provides multiuser search
tools to access massive collections of nautical information. ArcGIS for
Maritime supports two products, ArcGIS for Maritime: Charting, which
helps in creating map products, and ArcGIS for Maritime: Bathymetry,
which helps in managing data.
ArcGIS for Maritime: Charting makes it easier for users to create,
edit, manage, and distribute nautical products. Useful for national
hydrographic offices, charting agencies, and subcontractors, it sig-
nificantly increases the speed and flexibility of production operations.
It is interoperable and improves, standardizes, and expedites data
and workflow management from data acquisition to product creation.
Users can produce charts in days, not weeks, and share data across
the organization and with other agencies. With ArcGIS for Maritime:
Charting, users can do the following:
•• Generate high-quality electronic, hard-copy, and raster prod-
ucts directly from the database that comply with International
Hydrographic Organization
(IHO) M4 and S-57 standards
for navigational products
•• Allow the widest possible use
of data by storing, managing,
and sharing it efficiently and
flexibly without the need to
export to a separate product
•• Combine data for myriad uses,
from real-time emergency
planning to protected area
analysis, using dynamic data
sources that were previously
trapped in static products
•• Ensure the quality and timeli-
ness of data by tracking who
updated the data, what the
updates were, and why and
when the updates were made
•• Interact with other ArcGIS
products to enhance the
visualization and reporting
experience
ArcGIS for Maritime: Bathymetry allows scientific, government, and
commercial organizations to simplify and unify management of their
bathymetric data. This makes it easier to use the same data for various
common bathymetric purposes. Use ArcGIS for Maritime: Bathymetry
for these tasks:
•• Create a single bathymetric surface on the fly to visualize multiple
surfaces in one frame of reference.
•• Control hydrographic survey footprints to identify data holdings and
quickly see data gaps.
•• Combine it with other extraction capabilities and geoprocessing
tools for spatial analysis of bathymetric data.
•• Work directly with ArcGIS for Maritime: Charting for a continuous
and seamless workflow on the same platform.
Learn how the ArcGIS for Maritime
geospatial platform can help
organizations significantly improve data
and chart workflow efficiency. Visit
esri.com/maritime.
ArcGIS for Maritime provides tools for creating, publishing, and distributing nautical charts.
6 Esri News for Oceans Fall 2012
7. Esri Ocean GIS Initiative
Ocean Basemap Is on ArcGIS Online
The Ocean Basemap is a global GIS map that
shows the seafloor of the oceans, along with
both surface and subsurface feature names.
Esri developed the map service and hosts it
on ArcGIS Online (ArcGIS.com) so that people
interested in bathymetry, marine science and
resource conservation, and oceanic mapping
in general have a superior cartographic refer-
ence map of the ocean.
The Ocean Basemap contains more
information about the ocean than any exist-
ing terrestrial basemap service. It includes
bathymetric portrayal, marine water body
names, undersea feature names, and derived
depth values in meters. The information in
the Ocean Basemap is a cached cartographic
representation of the seabed to be used as
a basemap. Think of the Ocean Basemap as
the basement of the ocean. It shows coastal
regions and ocean seafloor rather than dry
land masses.
The Ocean Basemap includes higher-res-
olution bathymetric and altimetric data from
coastal areas, which are the most surveyed
parts of the ocean. Data tends to be plentiful
along the shore and becomes sparser away
from the coastline toward deeper seas.
The Ocean Basemap currently provides
coverage for the world with resolution down
to a scale of around 1:577,000. Additional data
coverage for United States waters improves
resolution down to 1:72,000. A few data pro-
viders have added bathymetry data at an even
higher resolution of 1:9,000. This demonstrates
how the Ocean Basemap will be extended
with higher-resolution bathymetric data.
Information Sources
The Ocean Basemap blends publicly available,
authoritative ocean data sources into one car-
tographically uniform basemap. Some Ocean
Basemap data contributors are the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), National Geographic, DeLorme, and
NAVTEQ. Worldwide coverage is sourced
from the General Bathymetric Chart of the
Oceans GEBCO_08 Grid version 20100927,
International Hydrographic Organization—
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IHO-IOC) GEBCO Gazetteer of
Undersea Feature Names (August 2010 ver-
sion), and Esri topographic content.
to underlie their research and create maps.
ArcGIS users can access the basemap through
ArcGIS for Desktop or any of the ArcGIS ap-
plications for smartphones and tablets (iOS,
Android, and Windows Mobile). Users have
access to the same basemap anywhere, at
their desk or on the go.
To make maps using the Ocean Basemap,
go to ArcGIS.com and access the web service.
To bring map service data into an ArcGIS 10.1
for Desktop project, choose File > Add Data >
Add Basemap (in version 9.3, choose File >
Add Data From ArcGIS Online) and select
Ocean Basemap. You can also add a layer
package (LPK file) into your ArcGIS for
Desktop map or globe. The LPK file combines
the Ocean Basemap map service and the
World Physical map service and its associated
reference layers.
Find helpful hints and
participate in Esri’s
ocean GIS community at
resources.arcgis.com/en
/communities/oceans.
Agencies, commercial concerns, academic
institutions, and nongovernmental organiza-
tions can contribute their authoritative data
to the Ocean Basemap through Esri’s
Community Maps Program. Esri makes sure
data contributions are of high quality and
the datasets have permissions in place for
public use. On the production side, Esri’s
cartographers build the map by integrating
newly contributed data with the existing
product. They then publish it to ArcGIS Online
as a map service. For example, the Canadian
Hydrographic Service (CHS) contributed addi-
tional marine data of its vast coastline via Esri
Canada Limited through the Community Maps
Program. Esri Canada updated the basemap
with CHS coastal area data at a resolution
between 1:500 meters and 1:1,000 meters.
How to Use the Ocean Basemap
The Ocean Basemap was created with uniform
cartography for consistency and a muted
color palette, which makes it ideal when
overlaying additional user-specific content
or content from ArcGIS Online. Maritime
professionals, such as ocean scientists, port
managers, and ocean use planners, now have
a consolidated, uniform cartographic source
The Ocean Basemap is part of Esri’s Community Maps Program. This map showing the Aleutian
Trench in the Bering Sea was built using data provided by Esri; GEBCO; NOAA; California State
University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB); National Geographic; DeLorme; and NAVTEQ.
7Fall 2012 esri.com/oceans
8. Digital Maps Improve Polar Ice Navigation
By Barbara Shields, Esri
The Arctic polar ice cap is thinning and shrink-
ing. This creates longer navigation seasons,
which opens routes for commerce; makes
natural resources more accessible for drilling;
and provides opportunities for shorter, more
efficient voyage routing, all of which lead to
increased ship traffic in icy arctic waters. Ship
commanders operating near, through, and
beneath sea ice rely on ice data supplied by
the National Ice Center (NIC).
NIC is a cooperative partnership be-
tween the US Navy, the US Coast Guard,
and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). Residing in the
NOAA Satellite Operations Facility in
Suitland, Maryland, NIC is tucked into a corner
of a striking postmodern structure bedecked
with satellite dishes. In an operations room,
a staff of 15–18 ice analysts (most of whom
have a background in meteorology) study and
interpret ice images. They are supported by
small teams of cryogenics scientists and GIS/
IT technicians using ArcGIS from Esri.
NIC experts analyze data from satellite im-
agery and other sources to assess, on a daily,
Each GeoPDF provides a quick visual display of the nutrient spreading restrictions currently in place. Determinations are based on slope, bodies
of water, infrastructure, and many other factors.
weekly, and biweekly basis, sea ice conditions
in the Arctic, the Antarctic, the Great Lakes,
and Chesapeake Bay. They decipher the types
of ice at the poles based primarily on images
from a diverse number of satellite missions
such as SCA, RADARSAT-1 and 2, ESA Envisat,
and NASA Terra and Aqua.
Making sense of ice data is very different
from deciphering land use. Images of sea ice
do not have many traditionally recognizable
features, so interpretation requires differ-
ent skills. Rather than vegetation, rivers, and
human development, the ice analyst looks
for visual clues indicating characteristics such
as ice concentration, stage of development
(age), and ice form (floe size).
More than 95 percent of the data used in
sea ice analyses is derived from polar orbiting
satellites. Every day, the center receives ap-
proximately 6,000 images, or roughly
160 gigabytes of data, which automated
routines migrate into GIS-ready files. These
images are cataloged and made available
to the individual analysts through a custom
imagery browser application. They load their
“ArcGIS is providing us
with wonderful data
management, image
analysis, output, and
dissemination capabilities.”
Semeon Sertsu, Director of Information
Technology, NIC
Ô The National Ice Center is located in
the NOAA Satellite Operations Facility in
Suitland, Maryland.
9. imagery selections into an ArcGIS extension
called the Satellite Image Processing and
Analysis System (SIPAS). The majority of the
analysts’ work takes place in this environment.
This extension makes the workflow more
efficient. The analyst opens SIPAS, zooms
to a polar sector, selects imagery from the
Image Browser, and sets to work. The analyst
examines and compares images and then
selects the most appropriate source for
determining the significant characteristics of
the ice for that particular location. Next, the
analyst carefully digitizes the edges of the
various ice types (defined by thickness; floe
size; and age—first year, second year, or older)
to delineate each from different types of ice
nearby and from the open sea. Features such
as fractures, leads, and polynyas (FLAP) are
also captured. A fracture is a break or rupture
in close-packed ice, a lead is a fracture or pas-
sageway through sea ice that is navigable by
surface vessels, and a polynya is a nonlinear
area of open water enclosed by ice. All these
descriptors characterize the ice and surround-
ing waters. With this information, the ship’s
master knows about conditions and risks that
Case Study
lie ahead and can make informed decisions
about how, or if, to proceed.
SIPAS is designed to allow analysts to focus
on the critical and difficult task of understand-
ing the ice conditions they see by freeing
them from other concerns. For example,
preconfigured constraints built into the at-
tribute coding tools help ensure quality of the
data. Map topology rules are in place so that
splinters or overlapping polygons aren’t cre-
ated. Additional quality checks verify that an
area’s regional boundary edges and attributes
match polygons already created in neighbor-
ing regions. Digitized polygons are directly
input to NIC’s enterprise geodatabase.
“A great majority of NIC ice information
products are created using the ArcGIS SIPAS
editor,” explained Mark Denil, GIS analyst, NIC.
“This editing environment handles most of the
data shuffling, processing, and housekeeping
operations for ice analysts, allowing experts to
concentrate on interpreting ice conditions.”
In addition to mapping sea ice, NIC also
names, tracks, and reports weekly on large
icebergs in the Southern Hemisphere. An
iceberg must be at least 10 nautical miles
across to receive this attention, so these are
more ice islands than bergs. Still, NIC tracked
41 of these through 2011 and has tracked 223
since 1973. Iceberg tracking is one of the few
NIC analysis activities not handled through
SIPAS; it has its own ArcGIS software-based
data creation and mapping tool.
NIC usually generates between 70 and
80 standard output products each week that
are used by the US Navy as well as by organi-
zations interested in cargo shipment, oil and
gas exploration, fishing access, and scientific
study. Almost all these products are made
available to the public via the NIC website. In
addition to these automated products, NIC
also creates ice analysis maps and reports
on request in support of a variety of special
operations.
Special support products are made avail-
able directly to the requesting customer
through a variety of avenues. A consumer
visiting the NIC website can, with a few clicks,
access maps and data through interactive
map interfaces and/or download data in
formats such as a shapefile, geodatabase
Ñ Using the Image
Browser utility, the
analyst searches by area,
date, and sensor to see
available images.
9Fall 2012 esri.com/oceans
continued on page 10
10. feature class, raster layer, PDF, KML, and
movie loop. Since many NIC data consum-
ers operate in remote regions with very low
bandwidth capabilities, the website provides
options for selecting high- or low-bandwidth
interfaces. With either option, the user can
search and query the data by date and area
of interest. A calendar tool facilitates access
to historical data so users can see how the ice
has changed during the last 40 years. The site
also has interactive user help and allows the
user to provide feedback.
Because NIC has been keeping track of
polar ice since 1972, it has built a baseline
for evaluating change. In the early days, NIC
produced all its global ice condition charts
using hard-copy cartography techniques
for dissemination by fax. Starting in 1996,
however, NIC began making its historical data
more useful for environmental research and
studying ice-related climatology by digitiz-
ing the archive of older paper-based charts,
reconfiguring its data so it could be used for
digital analysis.
In 1999, Semeon Sertsu, the center’s director
of information technology, committed NIC to
using GIS because it had the greatest capacity
to meet the center’s needs. “It was worth the
effort, because today ArcGIS is providing us
with wonderful data management, image
analysis, output, and dissemination capabili-
ties,” said Sertsu. “For instance, we have a GIS
tool that can perform a routine in about
30 seconds that once took us a week to do.”
The analyst team includes US Navy civilian
employees and enlisted men and women.
Most come to NIC with no previous GIS expe-
rience, but they find they can easily step up to
the workflow requirements, because imagery
handling and data generation are integrated
in a unified and accessible ArcGIS software
environment. This means users no longer
need to learn to manipulate and integrate
multiple types of imagery viewing and data
generation software and tools.
Professionals, such as ice analyst Brian
Jackson, are assigned to analyze a specific
area. Using the graphic, menu-driven Image
Browser, Jackson selects the best satellite
imagery and brings it into the SIPAS work
environment. He then manually analyzes the
images using heads-up digitizing to draw
boundaries of specific ice types. He does
not have to transfer data between systems.
He draws a line in ArcGIS and shares it in the
exact same file so there is no loss of clarity.
“One aspect of the software that I par-
ticularly find amazing is that I can be working
on an Arctic polar section, click an icon, and
within 20 seconds access Antarctic real-time
satellite data, within the same desktop envi-
ronment,” Jackson said.
Although Jackson sees polar regions
changing, he will not venture an opinion as
to whether this is caused by climate change,
nor will anyone else at NIC. They leave this to
the scientific community. However, they did
comment that there are notable changes in
the northern sea route (along the Asian coast
north of Siberia), which in 2011 was open for
four weeks—the longest period in NIC’s
40 years of analysis. This creates opportunity
for surrounding nations to develop shipping,
fishing, and natural resource enterprises.
Sertsu has been working with a collabora-
tive committee to get nations located around
the poles to share their polar data for collabo-
ration. “Nobody knows their own backyard
better,” he said. “If nations agree to this idea,
they will have a comprehensive polar map.
Working together on such a map may well
lead them to work together as a global com-
munity to address polar ice cap concerns.”
Digital Maps Improve Polar Ice Navigation continued from page 9
A SIPAS interface makes it possible for the user to load a moderate-
resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) image into GIS and
edit this region for the Chukchi Sea.
An ice analyst draws a polygon on the MODIS ice image and uses
a SIPAS attributing tool to create an egg diagram that describes ice
concentration and type.
10 Esri News for Oceans Fall 2012
11. Geodesign Summit
January 24–25, 2013
Redlands, California, USA
geodesignsummit.com
Esri Federal GIS Conference
February 25–27, 2013
Washington, DC, USA
esri.com/fedcon
Esri Developer Summit
March 25–28, 2013
Palm Springs, California, USA
Esri Homeland Security Summit
July 2013 date to be announced
San Diego, California, USA
esri.com/homeland
Esri International User Conference
July 8–12, 2013
San Diego, California, USA
esri.com.user-conference
Esri on the Road
11Fall 2012 esri.com/oceans
GIS for the Oceans Is
More Than a Sea Tale
Download the free e-book at esri.com/library/ebooks/oceans.
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