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1. ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION
MS. BEENAVAZA

2. INTRODUCTION
An esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the
esophagus, the passaway from the throat to the
stomach.
Stomach acid, accidently swallowed harsh chemicals
and other irritants may injure the esophageal lining ,
causing esophagitis and the formation of scar tissue.
This may gradually lead to obstruction of the
esophagus, preventing food and fluids from reaching
the stomach

4. ETIOLOGY
Persistent reflux of gastric
acid
Systemic sclerosis
(scleroderma)
Swallowing lye or other
corrosive chemicals
Pills lodge in the
esophagus
Esophageal surgery
Esophageal cancer
Radiation therapy to the
chest or neck
Esophageal damage
caused by endoscope
Esophageal verices
Infectious esophagitis
HIV/ AIDS

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors
Narrowing or tightening of the esophagus
Stomach acid and other irritant damage the lining of
esophagus

6. CONT…
Caused inflammation and scar tissue
Esophagus Narrow
Esophageal stricture OR Esophageal obstruction

7. SIGN & SYMPTOMS
Difficulty in swallowing
Chest pain after meals
Increased salivation
Regurgitation of foods
and liquids
Weight loss
Frequent burping or
hiccups
Heartburn
Dehydration
Coughing particularly at
night
Sensation of something
stuck in the chest after
eat

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
History collection
Physical examination
Barium swallow test
Esophageal pH monitoring
Upper GI endoscopy

9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
PPI ( Proton pump inhibitors)
The PPIs used to control GERD include:
Ex.
Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Pantoprazole
Esomeprazole

10. CONT…
Antacids : provide short term relief by neutrilizing acids
in the stomach
Antihistamines : Ranitidine and famotidine decrease the
secreation of acid.
Supportive drugs : Multivitamins B complex

11. ESOPHAGEAL STENT
PLACEMENT (PROCEDURE)
The insertion of esophageal stents can provide relief from
esophageal stricture.
A stent is a thin tube made of plastic , expandable metal or a
flexible mesh material.
Esophageal stents can help keep a blocked esophagus open so
you can swallow food and liquids.
Patient will be under general or moderate sedation for the
procedure.
Doctor will use an endoscope to guide the stent into place.

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY