Bursitis is inflammation of fluid-filled sacs called bursae located around joints. It is caused by repeated pressure or overuse of a joint. Common types include prepatellar bursitis around the kneecap, trochanteric bursitis near the hip joint, and retrocalcaneal bursitis in the heels. Symptoms include pain, swelling, warmth, and restricted movement near the affected joint. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging tests, and fluid aspiration. Treatment focuses on rest, ice, braces, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. Prevention emphasizes proper posture, warming up before exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding repetitive motions.

3. INTRODUCTION
BURSITIS:
- Bursae are fluid-filled sacs found about in the
joints.
- Bursitis 1 inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac.
- It is caused by repeated pressure on an area or by
using a joint too much.

4. DEFINITION:
Bursitis is defined by a
swelling of a synovial bursa.

5. ETIOLOGY:
- Strenuous or repeated physical activity-
- Injury or trauma
- Infection
- Underlying rheumatic conditions such as pseudogout
and gout
- Inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus
erythematosus.

6. RISK FACTORS
Aging
Chronic medical problem
Repetitive sport or activities
Repetitive use of a same joint
Improper posture
Getting an infection that can spread to bursae, bones and
joints
Injuries to the bursae

7. TYPES:
Prepatellar Bursitis
Tears or damage to your kneecaps or knee bursae may
cause swelling.
Trochanteric Bursitis
Is painful swelling near hip joint.
Retrocalcaneal Bursitis
Running, jumping or repetitive activities can inflame the
bursae in your heels.

8. CONT…
Infectious (Septic) Bursitis
Infectious or septic, bursitis occurs when the bursa
becomes inflamed due to an infection from bacteria.

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
• Stiff
• Tenderness or pain
• Heat
• Stiffness
• Restricted movement.
• Fever (over 102° F)

11. CONT…
• Swelling, redness, and warmth in the area
• General illness or more than one area that hurts
• Trouble moving the joint pressure or shocks

12. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
 Physical examination and full medical history.
 Ultrasound scanning.
 Blood tests - Sample of the fluid in the affected bursae
to rule out infection or underlying conditions.
 X-ray of the affected area to rule out other problems that
might be causing pain.
 MRI and ultrasound to study an image of joint.

13. MANAGEMET
 Avoid activities that make it worse.
 Rest and raise the affected area to restrict or stop the activity that
has caused the bursitis.
 Ice packs applied to the area to reduce swelling and discomfort.
 Wearing a support on the injured joint by put a brace, band, or
splint on the joint.
 Reducing pressure on the affected area by wearing pads around
the bursa and well-fitted shoes for heel bursitis.

14. CONT…
 Anti-inflammatory pain-relieving medications e.g.,
ibuprofen, naproxen.
 Cortisone (corticosteroid) injections into the affected
area.
 Occasionally, the fluid may need to be aspirated from
the affected bursa to relieve pressure. Need antibiotics if
aspirate infected fluid from infected bursa.
 Weight loss may be recommended for obese patient in
order to help to relieve pressure on the affected joint(s).

15. CONT…
 Physical therapy or joint. exercises to strengthen
the muscles around the affected joint.
 Sometime may be used needle to inject medicine
into the irritated area.

16. NURSING
MANAGEMENT

17. Prevention:
 Use cushions or pads when resting a joint on a hard
surface.
 Using kneeling pads for jobs or hobbies that require a lot
of kneeling.
 Bending the knees when lifting something, which will
reduce stress on the bursae of the hips.
 Warm up and stretch before play, and always use proper
form.

18.  Avoid make the same motions all the time.
 Gradually start a new exercise or sport.
 Do not sit still for a long time.
 Take rest between making the same motions over
and over again.
 Use good posture all day.
 Wheeling rather than carrying heavy loads, which
will reduce stress on the bursae of the shoulders.

19.  Maintaining a healthy bodyweight to reduce
stress on the joints..
 Exercising to strengthen muscles (which can
help to protect affected joints)
 Cleaning scratches or cuts on elbows and
knees to prevent infection.