Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix that is most common in adolescents and young adults. It is usually caused by a blockage of the appendix by a fecal stone or tumor, which increases pressure and causes ischemia and bacterial infection. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, and fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like CT scans, and physical examination. Treatment is initially with antibiotics and supportive care, while a laparoscopic appendectomy is the standard surgical treatment to remove the infected appendix.

1. APPENDICITIS
Ms.Beena Vaza

2. INTRODUCTION
• The appendix sits at the junction of the small intestine
and large intestine.
• It’s a thin tube about four inches long. Normally, the
appendix sits in the lower right abdomen.
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3. DEFINITION
•Appendicitis is an inflammation of the
vermiform appendix that develops most
commonly in adolescents and young
adults.
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4. ETIOLOGY
OBSTRUCTIVE CAUSES :
• Fecal calculus or stone that occlude lumen of the appendix.
• Twisting or curling of the appendix.
• Swelling of the bowel wall
NON ONSTRUCTIVE CAUSES :
• Spread of infection
• Vascular occlusion
• Trauma
• Diet lacking fibres
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5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to etiological factors
Obstruction of appendix due to fecalith tumor
Increased intraluminal pressure
Ischemic injury
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6. CONT…
Bacterial proliferation (Tissue becomes infected by
bacterial in the digestive tract)
Puss accumulation
Appendicitis
Rupture appendix
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7. SIGN & SYMPTOMS
• Lower abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Anorexia
• Fever
• Haematuria (Uncommon)
• Constipation
• Abdominal rigidity
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8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Blood tests
- Elevated WBC count
- Elevated C reactive protein
• Urinanalysis
• X- ray
• Abdominal USG
• CT scan
• MRI
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9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• To treat infection
• Give antibiotics for bacterial infection
• Give analgesics for pain
• Give antipyretics for fever
• Give antiemetics for vomiting
• Give fluid therapy for electrolyte balance
• Give supportive drugs for nutritional support
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10. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
• The surgical procedure for the removal of the appendix is
called an appendectomy.
• Appendectomy can be performed through open or
laparoscopic surgery.
• Laparoscopic appendectomy has several advantages over
open appendectomy as an intervention for appendicitis.
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11. PRE – OPERATIVE
PREPARATION
• Once diagnosis is suspected , the patient is admitted to
hospital
• Give IV fluid ( NS or RL)
• Ryle’s tube is not necessary in simple appendicitis.
• Second generation cephalosporin along with metronidazole is
given.
• Informed consent is taken.
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12. APPENDECTOMY
• It is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix from the
abdomen.
• It can be performed either with a small incision on the
abdomen or laparoscopically ( key hole surgery).
INDICATIONS FOR OPEN APPENDECTOMY :
• Severe inflammation or prior surgical procedures.
• Perforated or gangrenous appendicitis.
• peritonitis.
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13. LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY
• Become popular nowdays.
• Less post operative pain.
• Speedy recovery.
• If intraoperative complication that cannot be handled with
laparoscopy arise during laparoscopic appendectomy,
conversion to an open appendectomy.
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14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
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