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2. Esophagitis occurs as a result of reflux of gastric
acid or intestinal contents through the LES ( lower
esophageal sphincter) into the esophagus.

3. The esophagus becomes inflamed ( swollen,
irritated and red)
Irritation and infection may cause the esophagus to
become inflamed and even develop ulcers.

4. Reflux of stomach contents
Excessive vomiting
Injury from chemicals
Infection
Pills getting stuck

5. Overweight or obese
Hiatal hernia
Pregnancy
Smoking
Excessive consuming
of citrus fruits, spicy
foods
Allergies
Medications
Lying down
immediately after a
meal
Low immunity

6. 1. ACUTE :
It is caused by ingestion of an irritating agent, viral
inflammation or intubation.
2. CHRONIC : Risk of chronic esophagitis is
increased with –
Hiatal hernia
Reduced LES pressure
Increased abdominal pressure
Delayed gastric empying
Recurrent vomiting

7. A valve like structure called the lower esophageal
shpincher .
If this valve open when it should not close properly the
contents of the stomach may back up into the
esophagus ( gastroesophageal reflux).
GERD is a condition in which this backflow of acid is a
frequent .
A complication of GERD is chronic inflammation and
tissue damage in the esophagus.

8. It occurs with a high concentration of these white
blood cell in the esophgaus, most likely in response
to an allergy causing agent or acid or both.
This type of esophagitis may be triggerd by foods
such as milk, wheat, soy, peanut, beans, rye and
beef.
People with eosinophilic esophagitis may have
other nonfood allergies. For example, sometimes
inhaled allergens, such as pollen, may be the
cause.

9. Lymphocytic esophagitis is an uncommon
esophageal condition in whch there are an
increased number of lymphocytes in the
lining of the esophagus.

10. Several oral medications may cause tissue damage
if they remain in contact with the lining of the
esophagus for too long.
For example, if you swallow a pill with little or no
water, the pill itself or residue from the pill may
remain in the esophagus.

11. A bacterial, viral or fungal infection in tissues of
the esophagus may cause esophagitis.
It is relatively rare and occurs most often in people
with poor immune system function, such as people
with HIV/ AIDS or cancer.
A fungus normally present in the mouth called
candida albicans is a common cause of infectious
esophagitis.

12. Difficulty in
swallowing
Pain when swallowing
Feeling like something
stuck in the throat
Burning sensation in
the esophagus
Acid reflux
Blood in vomiting
Abdominal pain
Lack of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Cough
Mouth sore

13. 1. UPPER ENDOSCOPY – A test in which a long,
flexible lighted tube, called an endoscope is used
to look at the esophagus.
2. BIOPSY – During this test, a small sample of
the esophageal tissue is removed and then sent to
a laboratory to be examined under a microscope.

14. 3. UPPER GI SERIES OR BARIUM
SWALLOW
4. BARIUM X- RAY
5. LABORATORY TESTS
6. ALLEGY TEST

15. Antibiotics drug
Analgesic drug
Antipyretic drug
Antiemetics drug
Vitamins supplimentory

16.  NURSES RESPONSIBILITY