Atoms are the smallest units that make up elements and are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms combine to form compounds with different properties than the individual elements. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a defined crystalline structure and chemical composition. Common minerals include quartz, halite, and diamonds, which are made up of elements like silicon, sodium, chlorine, and carbon bonded together in specific ratios.

1. Atoms to minerals

2. What is an atom? atom: the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element what are some things that atoms have? electrons protons neutrons

5. Atomic Number Atomic number = number of protons in an atom Mass number = average number of protons and neutrons in an atom Atomic number + # of neutrons = mass number

6. Atomic number 19 K Potassium 39.098 Atomic number = 19 = # of protons

7. 92 U Uranium 238

8. Isotopes Isotopes = same element, different # of neutrons Example: carbon Carbon : has 6 protons Carbon 12: has 6 protons, 6 neutrons Carbon 14: has 6 protons, 8 neutrons

10. Compounds Compound: a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined. Often have different properties Examples: H2O, NaCl

11. Mixtures Can be separated physically. Example: salt water How: evaporation Compound =/= mixture!

12. What is a mineral? A mineral: 1. occurs naturally 2. is a solid 3. has a definite chemical composition (elements are combined in definite proportions) 4. its atoms are arranged in a pattern (CRYSTALS) 5. is inorganic (not formed by plants, animals, or other organisms)

13. Examples of minerals gold diamond quartz rock salt (halite) Each occurs naturally, is a solid, has a definite chemical composition, is arranged in a pattern, is inorganic

14. a mineral

16. Minerals Minerals may be elements or compounds Most minerals are compounds e.g. quartz = silicon and oxygen Most minerals are made up of a few common elements

18. Ionic bonds in minerals