Atoms are the smallest units that make up elements and are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms combine to form compounds with different properties than the individual elements. Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a defined crystalline structure and chemical composition. Common minerals include quartz, halite, and diamonds, which are made up of elements like silicon, sodium, chlorine, and carbon bonded together in specific ratios.

1. Atoms to minerals

2. What is an atom?atom: the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that elementwhat are some things that atoms have?electronsprotonsneutrons

5. Atomic NumberAtomic number = number of protons in an atomMass number = average number of protons and neutrons in an atomAtomic number + # of neutrons = mass number

6. Atomic number19KPotassium39.098Atomic number = 19 = # of protons

7. 92UUranium238

8. IsotopesIsotopes = same element, different # of neutronsExample: carbonCarbon : has 6 protonsCarbon 12: has 6 protons, 6 neutronsCarbon 14: has 6 protons, 8 neutrons

10. CompoundsCompound: a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined.Often have different properties Examples: H2O, NaCl

11. MixturesCan be separated physically.Example: salt waterHow: evaporationCompound =/= mixture!

12. What is a mineral?A mineral:1. occurs naturally2. is a solid3. has a definite chemical composition (elements are combined in definite proportions)4. its atoms are arranged in a pattern (CRYSTALS)5. is inorganic (not formed by plants, animals, or other organisms)

13. Examples of mineralsgolddiamondquartzrock salt (halite)Each occurs naturally, is a solid, has a definite chemical composition, is arranged in a pattern, is inorganic

14. a mineral

16. MineralsMinerals may be elements or compoundsMost minerals are compoundse.g. quartz = silicon and oxygenMost minerals are made up of a few common elements

18. Ionic bonds in minerals