This document discusses the three physical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. It explains that the state depends on particle arrangement and motion. Solids have fixed shapes from tightly packed particles that vibrate in place. Liquids have changing shapes from particles that can move past each other while remaining attracted. Gases have changing volumes and shapes from particles that spread out and exert pressure. Temperature affects gas properties, with increased heat speeding particles and expanding volume while decreased heat has the opposite effect. Examples of state changes in water are provided.

1. ( A D A P T E D F R O M ‘ M S . W E L L S ’
Physical States of Matter

2. States of Matter
 Different forms of matter:
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 State depends on 2 things:
 Particle (atoms/molecules) arrangement
 Particle motion

3. Solid Matter
 Fixed volume, Fixed shape
 Particles packed together
tightly – usually in a
repeating pattern
 Examples: wood, glass, salt,
plastic

4. Density
 What did you notice about the density of
 Solid
 Liquid
 …and Gas?

6. Solid Matter
 Particles vibrate in place
 remember – matter is always in motion!
 Want to separate the particles in a solid? BREAK it!

7. Liquid Matter
 Fixed volume, changing
shape
 Particles can move from
place to place
 Particles attracted to
each other, but more
easily separate
 Take the shape of the
container its put in
 Examples: milk, oil,
honey, water

8. Gas Matter
 Volume changes, shape
changes
 Examples: air, oxygen, water
vapor
 Particles always push outward
on container
 Spread to fill container if there
is more space
 Or pack closer together when
there is less space = PRESSURE
from the pushing!

10. Pressure: Gases and Temperature
 Increased temperature (add
heat)
 Particles speed up
(more energy)
= Volume increases!
 Decreased temperature
 (remove heat)
 Particles slow down
(less energy)
= Volume decreases!

11. Example: water
 1. Solid phase. What is the freezing/melting
temperature of water? What is solid phase of water
called?
 2. Liquid phase.
 3. Gas phase. What is the gas phase of water called?
 What is the boiling temperature of water?

13. Celsius scale
0 degrees Celsius = freezing point of water
Absolute zero =coldest possible temperature
All motions cease at absolute zero
The temperature at absolute zero = -273 degrees C.

14. Kelvin
 0 degrees K = absolute zero
 273 degrees K = 0 degrees C.
 10 degrees C = 283 degrees K.

15. Quiz
 1. Is the density of water higher in liquid or solid
phase?
 2.If the density of solid water were higher than
liquid, what would happen to a lake when it freezes
over during winter?
 3. 1 degree C is ____ degrees K.