Epidemiological trends and health care implication.

2. Healthcare that is provided by health care
professionals in the first contact of a patient with
the health care system.

3. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and
determinants of health related states or events
(including disease),and the application of this study
to the control of diseases and other health
problems.

4. Epidemiology is the science of the study of patterns
,causes and effects of the health and disease
conditions in defined populations.
It is corner stone of the public health ,and informs
policy decisions and evidencebased medicine by
identifying risk factors for disease and targets for
preventive medicine.
Epidemiologists help with the study design , collection
and statistical analysis of data , and interpretation and

5. dissemination of results (including peer review and
occasional systematic review).
Epidemiologist has helped to develop methodology
used in clinical research ,public health studies and, to
a lesser extent ,basic research in the biological science.
Various methods can be used to carry out
epidemiological investigation

6. Descriptive studies can be used to study
distribution .
Analytical studies are used to study determinants
Major areas of epidemiological study include
disease aetiology, outbreak investigation ,disease
surveillance and screening, biomonitoring ,and
comparison of treatment effects such as in clinical
trials

7. The bureau of epidemiology conducts study-based
programs which protects the public’s health and
reduce the burden from disease and conditions of
public health significance –whether infectious or of
the environmental origin.
The epidemiologist and toxicologist within the bureau
share a commitment to using the best scientific data
available to shape prevention, intervention and disease
control activities, and improve health and safety of
floridians and visitors

8. Investigate and develops disease prevention and
control measures for infectious and non infectious
disease outbreaks.
Conducts surveillance (population based monitoring)
on more than 100 reportable diseases and conditions
of public health importance for the purpose of rapid
case finding and implementation of control measures
to prevent secondary cases of illness.
Conduct surveillance on occupationally related
illness and injuries and develops strategies to
improve worker safety.

9. Maintain data system used to conduct analyses and
disseminate data on environmental hazards, and
health effects that may be related to the exposures.
Publishes periodic reports based on infectious and
non infectious disease and other health related
data, data trends and implications for public health
Maintain and develops reportable disease
surveillance software (Merlin) for the storage,
transmission, and analysis of reportable disease
case reports.
Provide education, information and training to
healthcare facilities, individuals, business and

10. general public on disease control and environment
issues that impact health.
Provide state-wide toxicology consultation.
Provides environment health risk assessment around
hazardous waste sites.
Provides technical support on indoor air quality
concerns
Collects, analyses and disseminates data on the
occurrence of birth defects.

11. Diseases should be reported to your local country
health department

12. Epidemiological practice and the results of
epidemiological analysis make a significant
contribution to emerging population-based health
management frameworks
Assess the health states and health needs of a target
population.

13. Implement and evaluate interventions that are
designed to improve the health of that population.
Efficiently and effectively provide care for members of
that population in a way that is consistent with the
community’s cultural, policy and health resource
values.
As far as Pakistan health care is concerned
,it is believed to be one of the best compared to the
health care system of Pakistan that was adopted after

14. the partition , the health care provision has come a
long way.
Today, proper national health care is provided by both
the private and public sector Pakistan Ministry of
health plays an important role so far as Pakistan
health care is concerned.