seminar by Garima Sharma

1. Submitted To: Submitted By:
Dr .Sushma Saini Garima Sharma
Associate Professor M.Sc. 1st Year
NINE ,PGIMER, NINE,PGIMER,
Chandigarh Chandigarh

3.  Introduction of Surveillance
 Definition of Surveillance
 Purposes of Surveillance
 Types of Health Surveillance
 Surveillance process
 Health Informatics
 Subsets of health Informatics

4.  WHO Criteria for Health Informatics
 Uses of Health Informatics
 Sources of health Informatics
 Role of Nurse
 Summary
 Conclusion

5. In the everyday life of hustle and
bustle, it is almost a lacking hour to
keep a watch on health.
 As being noted by many great
leaders and personalities around us
health is life We must keep an eye to
look for it.

6.  As it is a need of the hour to keep
our health maintained and to keep a
keen watch over it. Thus emphasizing
its “SURVEILLANCE”

7.  Surveillance is a systematic process
of collection, transmission, analysis
and feedback of public health data for
decision making.

8. Cont.
The surveillance means supervision
or close watch especially on
suspected person.

9. Epidemiologically surveillance means
close vigilance on occurrence and
distribution of diseases, health related
problems, population of dynamics,
community behavior as well as
environmental processes resulting in
increased risk of ill health in community.

10. WHY IS THE
SURVEILLANCE

11. It serves as to assess early warning
system for impending public health
emergencies.
It document the impact of an
intervention, or track progress
towards specified goals.

12. To Monitor and clarify the
epidemiology of health problems.
 To allow priorities to be set .
 To inform public health policy and
strategies.

13.  To detect illness or disease in
specific hazard area.
 To assess public health status.
 To define public health priorites.
 To evaluate programme and
stimulate research.

15. It includes surveillance of an infected
person in a family as long as the
individual is the source of infection to
others.
Ex: Typhoid case and carriers.

16.  It includes surveillance of the whole
community for early detection and
prevention & control of a disease .
Example : Malaria

17. It includes surveillance at the
National level.
e.g surveillance of small pox after its
eradication.

18. It includes surveillance of some of
the diseases which are listed by
WHO
Example : malaria, influenza etc are
to be reported information to the
countries in the world to-take timely
actions.

19. Collection of relevant
information about the disease
under SURVEILLANCE
Compilation and analysis of data
Reporting of data and providing
feedback.

21. HEALTH INFORMATICS

22. “ HEALTH INFORMATICS ” it can be
stated as a mechanism for the
collection, processing, analysis, and
transmission of information required for
organizing and operating health
services and also for research and
training.

23. Clinical Informatics
Nursing informatics
Pharmaco Informatics
Medical Informatics

24. Bio Informatics
Biomedicine / Genomics
Computational Health Informatics
Clinical RESEARCH Informatics

25. Population
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics

26.  Nursing informatics (NI) is the
specialty that integrates nursing
science with multiple information
management and analytical sciences
to identify, define, manage, and
communicate data, information
,knowledge, and wisdom in nursing
practice.

27. NI supports nurses, consumers, patients,
the inter-professional healthcare team,
and other stakeholders in their decision-
making in all roles and settings to achieve
desired outcomes.

28.  The health information system serves a
primary objective of providing reliable,
relevant, up-to-date, adequate, timely and
reasonably complete information for health
managers at all the Managing level.

29. To share technical and specific
information by all health personnel
participating in all the health services
of country.

30.  To provide at periodic intervals the
data that will show the general
performance of the health services.
 To assist planners in studying their
current functioning and trends in
demand and work load.

31. DATA
It consist of discrete observation of
events that carry little meaning when
considered alone.
As data collected from operating
health care systems are inadequate
for planning.

32.  This data needs to be transformed
into INFORMATION by reducing,
summarizing, adjusting them for
variation Such as age, sex,
composition of population so that
comparisons over time and place are
possible.

33. A WHO expert committee identified the
following requirements to be satisfied by
the-health information system.
The system should be population based.
 The system should avoid the
unnecessary agglomeration of data.

34. The system should be problem oriented.
 The system should employ functional and
operational terms (e.g episodes of illness,
treatment regimens, laboratory tests ).
 The system should express information
briefly and imaginatively.
The system should make provisions for
feedback of data

35. To measure the health status of the
people and to quantify their health
problems and medical as well as health
care needs.
 For local, national and international
comparisons of-health status.
 For planning, administration and
effective management-of health services
and programmes.

36.  For assessing whether health-
accomplishing their objectives services-
in term of effectiveness and efficiency.
 For assessing the attitude and degree of
satisfaction-of the beneficiaries with the
health system.
For research and particular problem and
disease.

39. 1.CENSUS
 The census is an important source of health
information. It is taken in most of the
countries of the world at regular intervals
usually of 10years.

40.  A census is defined by the united nations as the
total process of collecting , compiling and
publishing demographic, economic and social data
pertaining at a specific times at all persons in the
country or delimited territory.

41.  Registration of vital events (e.g,
births and deaths) keeps a
continuous check on demographic
changes.
If registration of vital events is
complete or accurate, it-can serve as
a reliable source of health
information.

42.  The united nations defines a vital events
as registration as including legal
registration, statistical recording of the
occurrence of , and the collection
,compilation presentation, analysis and
distribution of statics pertaining to vital
events i.e, live birth, deaths, fatal deaths,
marriages, divorces, adoptions, legal
limitations, recognitions, annulments and
legal separations.

43.  SRS was initiated in mid 1960 to provide reliable
estimates of birth and deaths rates at the
national &state level.
 The Sample Registration System(SRS) is a
large- scale demographic survey for providing
reliable annual estimates of Infant mortality
rate, birth rate, death rate and other fertility &
mortality indicators at the national and
subnational levels.

44. It provides information of about
fluctuations in disease frequency and
provides early warning about me
occurrences and outbreak of Diseases.

45. The primary purpose of notification is
no effect prevention and control of the
diseases. Notification is also a
valuable source of morbidity data i.e.
the incidence & distribution of certain
diseases which are modified.

46. The current Sample is based on the 2011
Census frame. At present, SRS is operational
in 8850 sample units (4,961 rural and 3,889
urban) covering about 7.9 million population,
spread across all States and Union
territories.
 This system is more reliable for information
on birth and death rates, age specific fertility
and mortality rates, infant and adults,
mortality etc.

47. In India, where registration of vital
events is defective & notification of
infectious disease is extremely
inadequate, hospital data constitutes
a basic source of information about
disease prevalent in the community.

48. A Register requires data that a
permanent record be established, that
the cases be followed the basic
statistical tabulations be prepared both
on frequency and on survival.
 These registers are of valuable
information as to duration of illness, case
fatality and survival.

49. These registers provide follow up of
patients and provide a continuous
account at the frequency of disease
in the community.

50.  The term record linkage is used to
describe the process of bringing
together records relating to one
individual, the records originating in
different times or place.
 The term medical record linkage implies
the assembly and maintenance of each
individual in a population, of a file of the
more important record relating to his
health.

51. Therefore in practice record linkage
has been applied only on a limited
scale the events recorded are birth,
marriage, death, hospital admission

52. In many countries where particular
diseases are endemic special control
eradication programmes have been
instituted. For example, National Disease
Control procedure against malaria,
tuberculosis, leprosy etc.

53. These programmes have yielded
considerable morbidity and mortality
data for the specific diseases.

54.  These are hospital out patient
departments, primary health centres,
subcentres, polyclinics, private
practitioners, mother and child health
centres.
For example maternal and child health
centres provide information in birth weight,
height arm circumference, immunisation,
disease specific.

55.  This information relates to the
number of physicians(by age, sex,
speciality and place of work).
 These records are maintained by the
state Medical/Dental/Nursing
councils.

56. The term survey is used for surveys
relating to any aspect of health-
 Morbidity
 Mortality
 Nutritional status

57.  The term survey is used for surveys relating to
any aspect of health-morbidity, mortality,
nutritional status etc
 Real-time addition of new data to integrate with
clinical probability database .
 Learning systems that improve their accuracy
with time Will require an expanded and holistic
understanding of health Care.

58. Requires an understanding of mathematical
and computer-based concepts of
management.
Changing concepts related to the practice of
medicine
 Improving accuracy of diagnosis, reducing
time to diagnosis, and improving accuracy
and efficacy of treatment.
 Potential for cost-savings related to best
evidence-based

60.  To determining healthcare organization’s
needs and implementating technology
that meets those requirements.
 Nursing informatics improves the safety
by utilizing technology

61. To facilitates the collection , analysis and
reporting high quality data related to
patient safety issues and health outcomes
to prevent medical errors.

62. To facilitates the collection , analysis and
reporting high quality data related to
patient safety issues and health outcomes
to prevent medical errors

63. we discussed about :

64. WHO Criteria for Health Informatics
 Uses of Health Informatics
 Sources of health Informatics
 Role of Nurse
 Summary
 Conclusion