This document summarizes the classification of enzymes. It discusses how enzymes were first studied in the late 1800s and purified in the 1920s. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in living systems. There are six main classifications of enzymes: 1) oxidoreductases which catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, 2) transferases which transfer molecular groups, 3) hydrolases which catalyze reactions with water, 4) lyases which remove groups without water, 5) isomerases which catalyze structural changes, and 6) ligases which join molecules using high-energy phosphates. The document provides examples of enzymes that fall within each classification.

1. NANDEESHA S
Department of plant
science
Bangalore central

2. Introduction

3.  Wilhelm kuhne –in 1878 was working on
fermentation.
 Bucher –extract of enzyme from yeast cells.
 Robert sumner –in 1926 was the purify and
crystallize revealing the proteinaceous nature.
Introduction

4.  Enzymes are simple or compound proteins acting
as specific catalysts.
 Defined as organic substances capable of
catalyzing reaction in the living systems.
Or
Enzymes are the biomolecul which contain proteins of high
molecular mass and specific reaction.

5. 

6. The international union of biochemistry (I.U.B) initiated
standards of enzyme nomenclature which recommend
that enzyme names indicate both the,
i)Substrate on which the enzyme acts.
ii)The type of action of the enzyme.
The naming of enzymes will be done by just changing the
supix of the substrate by “ase”
Ex. Hydrolysis of urea  urease
formation of carbonic acid  carbonic anhydrase
Except some enzymes like pepsin, renin, and trypsin most
enzymes names end in “ase”.

7. Enzymes are mainly classified in to 6 type
1) oxido-reductases –the enzyme which catalyzed
oxidoreduction reactions are classify under this group.
A) Oxidases –ex. oxalate oxidase
B ) Reductase-ex. Nitrate reductase.
2) Transferases – this enzymes catalyzes those reactions
which in values transfer of molecular group from a
substrate to reactant.
Ex. Glucose + ATP ↔ glucose 6 phosphate
Glucokinase

8. 3) Hydrolases –this enzymes catalysis the addition
of water molecule which later results in breaking of
bond in the substrate molecules.
Ex. Maltase + water ↔ 2 Glucose
4) Lyases – this enzymes catalyze the removal of
groups from the substrate without the addition of
water (non-hydrolytic).
Ex. Butane dicarboxilate + L-malate ↔ Fumarate
5) Isomerases - the isomerases enzymes catalyzed
structural changes within a molecule.
Ex. Glucose -6-phosphete ↔ fructose-6-
phosphet
phaspho gluco isomerase

9. 6) Ligases(synthetases)- this are used in there
reactions where the molecule as been brocken
down by the action of high energy phosphate.
Ex. Pyruvate + bicarbonate + ATP ↔ carboxylase

10. Thanking you