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Environment issues & disaster management
The document discusses the impacts of climate change and disaster management in India's semi-arid regions, particularly focusing on Telangana. It highlights the challenges posed by droughts, erratic rainfall, and urbanization, along with initiatives like the 'Telangana Ku Haritha Haram' aimed at increasing green cover. Various strategies for sustainable development, water management, and forest conservation are proposed to enhance resilience against climate change impacts.
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Environment issues & disaster management
- 1. ENVIRONMENT, DISASTER MANAGEMENT ANDFORESTS Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy Dr. W. G.Prasanna Kumar Dr. K. Tirupataiah
- 2. Strategic Location Most safeand secure location in India
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- 9. CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITY INSEMI- ARID REGIONS Precipitation is less than potential evapotranspiration. Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.
- 10. CLIMATE CHANGE VARIABILITYIN SEMI-ARID REGIONS Climate Variability and extremes The people vulnerable to droughts Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty & social inequities. In 2009 witnessed • 50 years old drought • 100 years old flood
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- 12. PEOPLE OF TELANGAN A PEACEFUL,TOLERANT AND HARD WORKING
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- 14. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Development that meetsthe needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (The Brundtland Commission,1987)
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- 16. Global Climate Changeand Urbanization 1900 15% urban 2000 ~50% urban
- 17. LESS VISUAL BUTWITH MAJOR IMPACT > Temperature increase > Less & erratic rain Agriculture and food security Crop yields, irrigation demands... Forest Composition, health and productivity... Water resources Water supply, water quality... Species and natural areas Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems... Human health Infectious diseases, human settlements... Consequences of climate change:
- 18. MAJOR CONCERNS DROUGHT PROOFINGRURAL •SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS ENVIRONMENTURBAN • SUSTAINABLE HABITATS
- 19. RURAL CHALLENGES Climate change- variability - extremes Soil fertility Water management Impact of hazardous pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers Burning of crop residue Alkalinity of soils
- 20. Mahabubnagar District RainfallPattern y = -4.6207x + 851.14 R2 = 0.1374 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 195152 195253 195354 195455 195556 195657 195758 195859 195960 196061 196162 196263 196364 196465 196566 196667 196768 196869 196970 197071 197172 197273 197374 197475 197576 197677 197778 197879 197980 198081 198182 198283 198384 198485 198586 198687 198788 198889 198990 199091 199192 199293 199394 199495 199596 199697 199798 199899 199900 200001 200102 200203 200304 200405 200506 200607 200708 200809 200910 201011 201112 201213 201314
- 21. DROUGHT Skewed distribution ofrainfall – 40% deficit from June- August which is the sowing season Depletion of ground water situation Untimely heavy rains during Sept – Oct affects the crops Lack of Rainfall during November-December adversely affects Rabi sowings
- 22. 0% 20% 40%60% Drought Crop Failure Crop Disease Drop in crop prices Bad investment 0% 10% 20% 30% Wait for rain before sow Seek non-farm w ork Sow less Sow substitute crops Don't sow (fallow ) Weighted self- reports: “What are the major sources of risk faced by your household? Weighted self- reports: “If it does not rain, what do you do?”
- 23. Challenges Sector Challenges Environmen t Solid Wastemanagement, Sewage treatment, air pollution, Industrial environmental compliance Disaster Management Recurring Droughts, urban floods, eroding natural resources Forests Degradation, competing demands for deforestation, raising forest cover outside forest area, urban greenery
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- 25. Air Quality inIndian Cities US Embassy New Delhi - AQI 133 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM US Consulate Hyderabad - AQI 140 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM US Consulate Chennai - AQI 58 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM US Consulate Kolkata - AQI 87 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM US Consulate Mumbai - AQI 137 on 4/30/2015 9:00:00 PM
- 26. Solid Waste incities in India
- 27. Environmental Challenges: • SewageUntreated: 1370 MLD Sewage in GHMC area with 600 MLD treatment capacity • 10 MLD STP required for 1 lakh population • 1 MLD cost Rs 1 Crore and O& M per year Rs 20 lakhs • 6000 Industries under PCB Monitoring • Introduction of Clean Fuels, CNG Buses, Metro rail, Fly overs seamless traffic flow, 15 years or older vehicles ban from urban areas
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- 30. Dealing with Waste managementin School Engaging in School based activity
- 31. ENVIRONMENT: BEST PRACTICES Japan's FukuokaMethod Implemented In The FSM
- 33. Disaster Management :Best Practices
- 34. Way Forward :Improved Stoves:
- 35. Way Forward: Adaptation: Polyhouse, Green House & SWAR
- 36. Way Forward: WeatherBased Crop Insurance Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com 6th September 2013
- 37. Way Forward: BIOCHAR Biocharis another name for charcoal used for purposes other than combustion. Like all charcoal, biochar is created by the pyrolysis of biomass.
- 38. Way Forward: BIOCHAR APPLICATION SOILCARBON INCREASE MOISTURE CONSERVATION FERTILIZERS CONSERVATIO INCREASE IN YIELD
- 39. Way Forward: CONSERVATION OFURBAN WATER BODIES
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- 43. Way Forward: FloatingGarden and Parks
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- 45. Road Sewerage Clean water forirrigation Drip Irrigation Way Forward: SEWAGIGATION
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- 47. CITY River Catchment of city GreenBelt Ringroad Cascades Way Forward: Future cities – annular / circular / segregated water harvesting water bodies
- 48. Way Forward: Roadsas Water Sources for Filling Urban Water Bodies
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- 50. Way Forward: OUTERRING ROAD – 158 KMS LENGTH PROPOSED REGIONAL RING ROAD – 290 KMS POTENTIAL FOR ~100 WATER BODIES CREATION
- 51. Way Forward: Roadsas Dams
- 52. Way Forward:Way Forward:River Front Development
- 53. Way Forward: WATERUSE EFFICIENCY MONITORING WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORING MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
- 54. Way Forward: Monitoringthe flows
- 55. Way Forward: Way Forward:Monitoring the flows
- 56. Solar Power Arduino, SIM900, Battery, Temp and Relative Humidity sensor Bowman Water Tube with ultrasonic sensor RBC Flume with ultrasonic sensor ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda Way Forward:
- 57. Water Level inField water tube (Bowman) using ultrasonic sensor Way Forward:
- 58. Way Forward: AUTOMATICWEATHER STATION
- 59. Way Forward: AWARENESS TO CHILDRREN ON WATER CONSERVATI ON& MONITORING ClimaAdapt Project, Kondrapole, Miryalaguda, Nalgonda
- 60. Glow Level for Tubewells – Colour LEDs for different levels of water in the tube wells Way Forward:
- 61. SOIL MOISTURE MEASUREMENT IN THESOIL Way Forward:
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- 64. NAPCC – MatchNATIONAL MISSIONS National Solar Mission: Development and use of solar energy for power generation National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: yield savings of 10,000 MW. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat: energy efficiency for urban planning. National Water Mission: 20% improvement in water use efficiency: Water Grid Way Forward:
- 65. NAPCC – MatchNational Missions National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33% Haritha Haram National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate- resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture : Mission Kakatiya National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding. Way Forward:
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- 67. Important forest species •Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam. • Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal, • Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana • custard apples- a livelihoods source
- 68. LESS VISUAL BUTWITH MAJOR IMPACT > Temperature increase > Less & erratic rain Agriculture and food security Crop yields, irrigation demands... Forest Composition, health and productivity... Water resources Water supply, water quality... Species and natural areas Biodiversity, modification of ecosystems... Human health Infectious diseases, human settlements... Consequences of climate change:
- 69. NAPCC - NationalMissions National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a “Green India”: afforestation of 6 million hectares of forest cover from 23% to 33% National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: climate- resilient crops, weather insurance and agriculture. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change for a better understanding.
- 70. Important forest species •Teak is the important species growing in, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam. • Fine quality of bamboo is available in the districts of khammam, Mahaboobnagar, Adilabad, warangal, • Abnus leaf (Beedi leaf) major MFP in Telangana • custard apples- a livelihoods source
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- 75. Challenges Sector Challenges Environment SolidWaste management, Sewage treatment, air pollution, Industrial environmental compliance Disaster Management Recurring Droughts, urban floods, eroding natural resources Forests Degradation, competing demands for deforestation, raising forest cover outside forest area, urban greenery
- 76. Telangana ku HARITHAHAARAM • Aim: to increase green cover up to 33% of Geographical Area (present 25.16%) • 230 crore saplings ( 100 cr inside forest, 120 cr outside forest, 10 cr urban areas) • 40 lakh saplings per assembly constituency • Out lay Rs.800 cr/year • 2015-16 : 41 cr saplings • 3300 nurseries • FD, DWMA, Agriculture, Horticulture, TW depts
- 77. Telangana ku HARITHAHAARAM • Forest area • Protection, afforestation (blanks), rejuvenation (degraded), SMC, plantation in RoFR areas • Outside forest • Avenue, institutional, Barren hills, Tank foreshores, river banks, homestead & industrial, agro-forestry, Smrithivanams, urban residential areas
- 78. Best Practices- GREATGREEN WALL OF CHINA • To raise 90 million acres of new forest • A Band stretching 2800 miles across North China • Largest ecological restoration project in the world • Aim to arrest spread of Gobi desert and “yellow dragons’(dust storms) in to Beijing • Period 1978 till 2050
- 79. GREAT GREEN WALLOF CHINA • Criticism • Monoculture, no biodiversity • Non-native species, loss of native species • Depletion of groundwater further • Massive death of trees after initial growth
- 80. GREAT GREEN WALLOF CHINA• Alternative • Nurturing land by land itself (Jiang Gaoming, ecologist), Ex: Inner Mongolia Hunshandak sandy land project • Prevent further degradation and allow natural growth . • Conservation International & China Centre for Nature and Society- 100,000 sq. mile ecosystem restoration from conifers to grasslands • 12,000 acres restored so far • 5 projects taken up in collaboration mode
- 81. THAR DESERT OFINDIA • 2.34 million sq.kms area • Spreading @ 12,000 ha /year • Moving towards Delhi @ 0.5 kms per year • CAZRI/AFRI took up ‘stabilization of shifting sand dunes’, created micro-climates, tree- screens and shelterbelts • 649 kms of Indira Nahar canal runs in the desert
- 82. THAR DESERT OFINDIA • Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur • Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur • To develop techniques for rain water harvesting in arid areas. • To develop technology for afforestation on stress sites. • Eco-stabilization of deserts with emphasis on sand dune fixation. • To develop techniques for production of high quality planting material.
- 83. Social Forestry inMalaysia • In the Peninsula, social forestry programmes are designed to provide amenity through the establishment of recreational parks within the Permanent Forest Estate, urban planting of trees for aesthetic values and the planting of traditional fruit trees along forest fringes by the rural communities, primarily to create local awareness on the importance of forestry to their living environment. • In short, social forestry development programmes will be most likely to succeed in areas where an integrated approach is being taken towards rural development; where these perceived needs are being met and where forestry is included as part of an overall development package.
- 84. Ideas for consideration •Can Forest Department, TS alone handle ‘Haritha Haaram’? • Collaboration with national organisations like –CRIDA, CAZRI, AFRI • Collaboration with International organisations like- ICRISAT, Climate Community & Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) and Conservational International • Set up a centre for dryland agriculture research in Professor Jayashankar TSAU
- 85. Ideas for consideration •Review the past efforts • Wastelands development programme,GoI • CIDA social forestry in our state • consider • Multi-culture, not monoculture • Native species, not non-natives • Multi-purpose plants, not non-grazing type • Farming systems approach
- 88. Forests: Agro Forestry& Silvi pasture
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