CLASS X PRESENTATION GUIDED BY ME

1. Ma d e b y :
V . K . G a y a t r i
M a n a s i I n g l e
B . J . Y u k t a a
A n u p a S e k h a r
S a n d e e p D .

2. Using
universal
indicator
pH of water
can easily be
checked
Bacteria
found in
human
intestines
Indicates the
presence of
disease-causing
microorganisms
Ganges
Measurable
factors used to
quantify
pollution
Runs its course
Himadri
Has been
turned in a
drain by
Poor
quality
Contain
coliform
Ganga Action
Plan, 1985
U.P.,
Bihar,
W.B.
Largely
untreated
sewage is
dumped
E.g.: washing
clothes, bathing,
immersion of
ashes, unburnt
corpses, etc.
more than
100 cities
and towns
Other
human
activities
create
pollution
2500 km
Bay Of Bengal
Pour their
garbage
and excreta
Chemical
effluents
from
industries
Their
toxicity kills
fishes

3. Growth that uses
current basic human
needs by preserving
the resources for the
needs of future
generations
Saving
environment
using the three
Rs
We need to
segregate our
wastes so that
Materials to be
recycled do not
get mixed up
with other
wastes
Recycle
Instead of
synthesizing or
extracting the
fresh ones
Sustainable
development
Reduce
Reuse
As recycling
uses energy
Do not waste
food
Use less
Switch off
unnecessary
lights an fans
Use things
again and
again
plastic, paper,
glass, metal can
be recycled
Plastic bottles in
which we buy food
items
Repair
leaky taps
Reusing
envelops, etc.
Can be used to
store various
things in kitchen

4. We get from
earth
All the things
we need or
consume
Except energy
Why do we need to manage our resources?
Because they
are not
unlimited
Demand is
increasing
Another factor
to be
considered
Management
requires
Damage we
cause to the
environment
Ensure equal
distribution of
resources
Mining causes
pollution
because of
Both rich and
poor benefit
from them
Long term
perspective
sun
Ever-increasing
population
Due to
improvement in
health care
Discarded for
every ton of
metal extracted
Slag
So that they
are useful to
generations
to come
Sustainable
management
demands
Safe disposal of
these wastes

5. Has a wide range
of different life
forms
Forests
Biodiversity
hot spots
Aim of
conservation is
to preserve
Loss may lead
to
Loss of ecological
stability
Stake holders
People living around
forests and are
mostly dependent
on them
Wild life and nature
enthusiasts who
want to conserve
nature
Forest Dept. of Govt.
which owns the land
and controls the
resources
Industrialists
who use forest
produce

6. Gather fruits,
nuts, medicines,
graze their cattle
Need firewood,
timber, thatch,
fodder
Wood
Implements for
agriculture, fishing
and hunting
Local
Groups
Forests used for
fishing and
hunting
Bamboo
To make huts
and baskets

7. Exploited
them
ruthlessly
British came
People lived
for centuries
Had
developed
sustainable
practices
Took over
forests
Their needs could
not be met
Pine, teak,
eucalyptus
Source of
revenue for the
forest Dept.
People
confined to
smaller areas
Useful for
industries
Forest Dept.
took control of
them
Started overexploiting forests
Forests
converted to
monocultures
Cleared all
vegetation
Local knowledge
and needs ignored
in management
practices
Diversity
destroyed

8. Industrialists
Have greater reach
than locals
Lobby Govt. for
Consider forests
Not interested in
sustainability of
forests in one
particular area
A source of raw
material
E.g.: after cutting
teaks in one area
They go to another
Getting access to

9. Nature and wildlife
enthusiasts
Bishnoi
community in
Rajasthan
Govt. has
instituted a
Locals work
traditionally to
conserve forests
‘Amrita Devi
Bishnoi National
Award for
Wildlife
Conservation
In the memory
of Amrita Devi
Bishnoi
Sacrificed her
life with 363
others to
protect ‘Khejri’
trees near
Jodhpur
People should
be recognized
as a part of
forest system
Practiced
put to an
end
Now grass
grows very tall
and then falls
over
Prevents fresh
growth
Not dependent but
have a say in forest
management
Recognize the
need to preserve
biodiversity as a
whole
Himalayan
National Park
contains alpine
meadows
Were grazed
by sheep
Nomadic
shepherds drove
their flock up
from valleys
every summer
Damage cannot be
attributed only to
locals but also
industrial needs and
development
projects
Forest resources
used in a manner
Benefits go
to locals
Decentralized
economic
growth
Economical
growth and
ecological
conservation
goes hand in
hand

10. Participation of locals can
help a lot
For industrial
use
Rates far
below
market rates
Effort to end
the alienation
of locals from
their forests
Forest
resources
Sustainable
Management
Goals of
stake
holders
regarding
Contractor
would have
felled the trees
Denied to
locals
Chipko
Andolan
Emerged
from an
incident
Locals
A logging
contractor
Locals lop
branches and
pluck leaves
Was
allowed to
fell trees
And clasped Preventing His workers came
to cut trees
tree trunk
Forced govt.
to rethink
Chipko
their
movement
priorities in
spread
forest
produce
Himalayas
during
Quality of
1970s
soil
Sources of
water
Contractor had to
withdraw
Destroyed
them
forever
Allowing the
resource to
replenish
Village
called Reni
in Garhwal
Dispute
between
Woman
reached
there
Conservation
of
replenishable
resource
Are not
same
Forest
destruction
affected
Availability of
forest
products

11. W.B. Forest
Dept., 1972
Recognized its
failure in
reviving the
degraded Sal
forests
South
western
districts
Of Midnapore
district
Changed its
strategy
Beginning in
Arbari forest
range
Forests
underwent a
remarkable
recovery
By 1983, previously
worthless forest was
valued Rs. 12.5 crores
Alienation of
locals from
administration
Methods of
surveillance and
policing
Frequent clashes
between forest
officials and
villagers
Forest and
land related
conflicts
Fuelled
militant
peasant
movements
At the case of A.
K. Banerjee, a
forest officer
With their
active and
willing
participation
At a nominal
fee
Led by
Villagers
were
involved
In return
they were
given
Were allowed
fuel wood and
fodder collection
Naxalities
In protection
of 1272 hec.
of badly
degraded Sal
forest
Employment
in silviculture
and
harvesting
operations
25% of final
harvest

12. Maintenance
of these
systems
Optimum
cropping
pattern
Managed by
local people
Large dams
Irrigation
methods
Canals
Tanks
Water for
All
Regulated
Local
interventions
Basic agricultural
and daily
requirements
were met
throughout the
year
British arrival
changed these
systems
Dams
Use of this
stored
water
Rains
Pollution from
industrial
effluents and
urban wastes
Diversion for
high water
demanding
crops
Large scale
projects were
carried out
Canal
traversing
large dist.
Few
months of
the year
Due to
Loss of
vegetation
cover
Also by our
newly formed
independent
govt.
Led to the
neglect of
Largely due to
monsoons
Failure to
sustain water
availability
underground
Took over the
administration of
these systems
Local
irrigation
methods
Loss of control
of locals over
local water
resources

13. Kulhs
400 years
ago
Their management
was a common
agreement
Between all
villages
Local system of
canal irrigation
Later taken over
by the Irrigation
Dept.
Kulhs became
defunct and thus
no sharing of
water
Took this water
to numerous
villages
Himachal
Pradesh
During
planting
season
Stream water
diverted into
Water first used
by farthest
villages
Man-made
channels
Water also
percolated in
soils and fed
streams
Then by the
villages
progressively
higher up
Managed by
2-3 people
Paid by
villagers

14. Tehri Dam
on river
Ganga
Criticism and
opposition of
their
construction
Protests by
the
‘Narmada
Bachao
Andolan’
About raising the
height of Sardar
Sarovar Dam on
river Narmada
Social
problems
Displace large
no. of people
without
adequate
compensation or
rehabilitation
Mostly poor
tribals are
alienated from
their lands and
forests
Dams
Canal
systems
leading from
them
Address
three
problems in
particular
Economic
problems
Environmental
problems
Use large amt. of
public money
without generating
proportionate
benefits
Large ones can
ensure
adequate
water storage
Contribute
enormously to
Deforestation
Ousters of Tawa Dam,
1970, are still fighting
for the benefits they
were promised
Loss of
biological
diversity
Irrigation
Electricity
generation
Transfer
large amt. of
water over
great dist.
Eg. Indira Gandhi
Canal brought
greenery to areas of
Rajasthan
Mismanagement
has lead to benefits
being cornered by a
few people
No equitable
distribution
of water
People
farther
downstream
People
close to
the source
Don’t get
any water
Add to the
discontentment
Sugarcane,
rice
Grow water
intensive
crops
Woes of people
who have
promised
benefits which
never come

15. Various
organizations
have been
working
Watershed
Management
Increases the life of
down streams and
reservoirs
Mitigates
droughts and
floods
Rejuvenating water
harvesting as an
alternative to ‘mega
projects’ like dams
These
communities
have methods
to collect
water
Dug small
pits and
lakes
Simple
watershed
systems
Emphasizes
scientific soil
and water
conservation
Built
earthen
dams
Constructed
dykes
Increases the
production and
income of
watershed
community
Increase
biomass
production
Aim is to develop
primary
resources of land
and water
Produce secondary
resources of plants
and animals
They have recharged
groundwater levels
and brought rivers
back to life
Roof top
collecting
units
Sand and
limestone
reservoirs
In a manner
which wont
cause ecological
imbalance

19. Crescent shaped
earthen
embankments
In large
level
terrain
Give people
control over
their local
water
resources
Low, straight
concrete and
rubble wall
Monsoon rain fills
ponds behind the
structures
Purpose is
not to hold
surface water
Most dry up six
months or less
after rains
But to
recharge
ground
water
Highly locale
specific and
benefits are also
localized
Water harvesting
techniques
Only the largest
ones can hold
water year round
Advantages
are many
Doesn’t
evaporate
Ensuring that
mismanagement or
over-exploitation is
reduced/removed
Built across
seasonally flooded
gullies
Spreads out
to recharge
wells
Does not let
mosquitoes
breed
Provides moisture
for vegetation
over a wide area
Water is relatively
protected from by
human and animal
wastes

20. Recent research
concentrates
Fossil fuels
Used in internal
combustion in
engines for
transportation
Complete
combustion in
engines
Increase
efficiency
Reduce air
pollution
Petroleum
resources
Will last for
40yrs.
Coal and
petroleum
At present
rates of
usage
Coal
resources
Will last for
200 yrs.
Formed by
degradation of
bio-mass millions
of years ago
So these contain
carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, and
sulphur
When these
are burnt
In insufficient
air
Carbon
monoxide is
formed
We have been
using increasing
amt.
Important
sources of
energy
Resources
that will
exhaust in
the future
We will need
to look for
alternatives
H2O
We get
Oxides of
nitrogen and
sulphur
Poisonous
CO2
Green-house
gas
Increased amt.
will lead to
intense global
warming