Education during the Spanish period in the Philippines. The Right to education, Education for Masses, The Admission Test, The Curriculum and, The Innovation and Challenges to the Present Higher Education in the Philippines
Education during the Spanish period in the Philippines. The Right to education, Education for Masses, The Admission Test, The Curriculum and, The Innovation and Challenges to the Present Higher Education in the Philippines
The Agrarian Reform Program of the PhilippinesAengelle
Agrarian Reform vs Land Reform
History of Agrarian Reform
*Pre-spanish Period
*Spanish Period
*American Period
*Present Republic
Pertinent laws on Agrarian Reform
Importance of Land Reforms
Aspects of Agrarian Reform
Components of Agrarian Reform
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
The Agrarian Reform Program of the PhilippinesAengelle
Agrarian Reform vs Land Reform
History of Agrarian Reform
*Pre-spanish Period
*Spanish Period
*American Period
*Present Republic
Pertinent laws on Agrarian Reform
Importance of Land Reforms
Aspects of Agrarian Reform
Components of Agrarian Reform
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988
Human Acts and Acts of Man are both man's actions...Are they moral or immoral? Check out what to learn about the morality and the standard of morality based on the Christian moral perspectives- from Aristotelian to Thomisian...
Study of irrigation sources and cultivation area for Cereals & Pulses in the ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Cereals and pulses play a significant role in the diet of population. As per WHO, the recommended ratio is 2:1 for cereals and & pulses. However, there are different reasons which have gone against the production of pulses in general. Cereals on the other hand, have picked up larger portion in overall cultivation and consequently, the gross & net sown area are more under the cultivation of cereals. Currently, the ratio between cereal to pulses production ranges from 8:1 to 6:1. In this paper, it is found that the ratio between cereals and pulses which was 7.3:1 in the year 2012-13 increased to 7.7 1 in the year 2018-19. The study found that there was not much change in the gross & net area sown in the district of Meerut from the year 2012-13 to 2018-19. Irrigated area was also constant in both the years. Furthermore, production of different cereals and pulses are studied to know whether there is any change in their production due to change in the availability of water for irrigation during studied years in the district of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
Land Conversion for New Urban Growth and Its Impact –From Dwellers' Point of ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This presentation is based on how the earth is destroyed by human being by using harmful chemical waste,plastics and destroying forest's of the mother earth
CAN PAYMENTS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES REDUCE SOIL EROSION? THE CASE OF EASTERN ...IAEME Publication
The fragile dryland areas in Morocco are seriously threatened by soil and water degradation. Each year, 100 million tons of soil are removed. Several soil conservation technologies have been developed in Morocco and are available for large diffusion but in many cases these technologies have not been permanently adopted. It seems that a large dissemination of these new practices requires some financial incentives that must be sufficiently high to stimulate farmers to adopt the technologies. The objective of this study is to identify the optimum level of payments for eco-system services (PES) that allows an acceptable adoption rate. In this study we used the Minimum data approach (MD) to assess the adoption rates of soil conservation technologies. Input data needed by this model are in general simple, compared to other data-intensive models. They are very often available from secondary sources. The technologies concerned by this study are Alley cropping of Atriplex with barley, deep de-stoning and improved olive trees. The results show that farmers in the study area are very aware of soil erosion damages. Model results show very high adoption rates of the proposed technologies (more than 90%) and without any financial incentives. Compared to field data the model over-estimates the adoption rates. This is mainly due to the fact that the model does not consider institutional and political constraints to the adoption. Therefore, any improvement of the adoption rates of soil conservation technologies in the region should consider the problem of credit access and land tenure as a first step. Furthermore, in complex environment such as the study region we suggest that this type of approach be coupled with qualitative analysis in order to better analyze and understand the problem of technology adoption.
Good Practice Urban Agriculture and Better Built Environment in India
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
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Free School Gardening Art Posters
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Options for Sourcing Land for Sustainable Urban Development in the State of P...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the existing scenario of urban planning in the state of Punjab, growth of urban population, quantum of land required, prevailing schemes for sourcing land, emerging roadblocks in sourcing land and options for sourcing land at an affordable cost including making landowners as co-parceners in sourcing land
Study on Impact of Land Fragmentation in Agriculture-A Case of Rajshahi Distr...paperpublications3
Abstract:The study was conducted in Rajshahi district to get clear picture on the status of land fragmentation. Total 30 respondents were interviewed to know about the status of land fragmentation in Rajshai, impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, environment, economics and sustainable development. This study was conducted with the view to assess the impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, land uses as well as on society, and in particular, challenges for the agricultural land. Several factors were recognized and it is happening due to alterations in physiographic and social-economic conditions and population growth. The land use pattern of Bangladesh is changing very rapidly due to unplanned human settlement and industrialization. Bangladesh is a small country but it supports a huge population, resulting in a very high density of population and very high intensity of land and resource use The following factors are driving country’s overall scenario of economic development and environment imbalance include: i) unexpected population growth; ii) human settlement; iii) increased number of nuclear family; and iv) scarcity of land for ever increasing demand of food. As a result, agricultural land is decreasing remarkably. Results showed that the land fragmentation of Rajshahi district is changing, especially the agricultural land is decreasing in an alarming rate and now it is becoming more and more vulnerable. The agricultural land of the study area is losing each and every year. The agricultural production also is decreasing due to lack of agricultural land, industrialization, decreasing soil fertility and making soils toxics by using chemicals. If this rate continues, the agricultural land will be totally exhausted within the next couple of years. Moreover the fragmentation of land is impacting sustainable development of the study area frequently. If the perceived problems could be solved by raising awareness among the people, go for vertical uses of land, motivate family to live in the extend family, adopting appropriate policy for human settlements and land use planning.
Keywords:Extend family; land fragmentation; nuclear family; vertical scope; sustainable development.
Study on Impact of Land Fragmentation in Agriculture-A Case of Rajshahi Distr...paperpublications3
Abstract:The study was conducted in Rajshahi district to get clear picture on the status of land fragmentation. Total 30 respondents were interviewed to know about the status of land fragmentation in Rajshai, impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, environment, economics and sustainable development. This study was conducted with the view to assess the impacts of land fragmentation in agriculture, land uses as well as on society, and in particular, challenges for the agricultural land. Several factors were recognized and it is happening due to alterations in physiographic and social-economic conditions and population growth. The land use pattern of Bangladesh is changing very rapidly due to unplanned human settlement and industrialization. Bangladesh is a small country but it supports a huge population, resulting in a very high density of population and very high intensity of land and resource use The following factors are driving country’s overall scenario of economic development and environment imbalance include: i) unexpected population growth; ii) human settlement; iii) increased number of nuclear family; and iv) scarcity of land for ever increasing demand of food. As a result, agricultural land is decreasing remarkably. Results showed that the land fragmentation of Rajshahi district is changing, especially the agricultural land is decreasing in an alarming rate and now it is becoming more and more vulnerable. The agricultural land of the study area is losing each and every year. The agricultural production also is decreasing due to lack of agricultural land, industrialization, decreasing soil fertility and making soils toxics by using chemicals. If this rate continues, the agricultural land will be totally exhausted within the next couple of years. Moreover the fragmentation of land is impacting sustainable development of the study area frequently. If the perceived problems could be solved by raising awareness among the people, go for vertical uses of land, motivate family to live in the extend family, adopting appropriate policy for human settlements and land use planning.
“Land Consolidation” As A Solution for Rural Infrastructure ProblemsPremier Publishers
This study was discussed land consolidation studies that play a key role in rural development in Turkey. Land consolidation can be narrowly defined as bringing together fragmented agricultural lands and rearranging ownership. However, it is not enough to strengthen the rural infrastructure alone, far-reaching projects are needed. Comprehensive land consolidation is to transform scattered, small, and irregularly shaped agricultural land belonging to a farm into fewer parcels that better geometric shape and larger. Also, it is a reorganization of the rural space, which includes all technical, economic, and social precautions to be taken to improve the working and living conditions of the farmer families, protect the soil and nature, ensuring sustainable agricultural development, and increasing agricultural productivity. Since land consolidation is based on the change of ancient land ownership, it is a sophisticated social work type. Therefore, in addition to information technologies and technical personnel who help to evaluate a large number of data comparatively, professionals who are competent in law, sociology, and psychology should be involved in such studies. The most important thing is to implement projects in which the majority of them can be accepted with the participation of the landowners whose lands will be consolidated.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...
Environment impact assessment conversion agricultural to commercial land
1.
2. What is EIA?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process which
ensures that all environmental matters are taken into account
quite early in the project at planning process itself.
It takes into consideration not only technical and economic
considerations but also, traditional aspects like impact on local
people, biodiversity etc.
EIA is intended to prevent or minimize potentially adverse
environmental impacts and enhance the overall quality of a
project.
The main benefits and advantages of EIA are Lower project
costs in the long-term, Increased project acceptance, Improved
project design.
3. Which type of projects under go
EIA?
Agriculture.
Construction (Road networks, Malls, Townships, Dam etc) .
Industries .
Electrical projects .
Waste disposal .
Any developmental projects around Protected Areas /
Nature Preserves .
Clean Development Mechanism CDM projects .
4. The EIA Directive requires projects likely to have significant
effects on the Environment by virtue of their nature, size,
location to undergo an environmental assessment before the
competent authority in question grants consent.
The EIA Directive defines a project as the execution of
construction works or schemes and other interventions in the
natural surroundings and landscape
The EIA should identify, describe and assess the direct and
indirect effects of a project on Human beings , Fauna and
flora, Soil, Water & Air, Climate and the landscape, Material
Assets, Cultural Heritage , Interaction between these factors .
EIA therefore should have a very strong social dimension.
5. Laws for converting agricultural
land
one can change the use of their agricultural land but one
has to clarify the purpose for which a land is to be used
and get it converted into a residential or industrial
property
One would also have to pay a fee for getting your land
converted.
Once you have decided to change the land use, you are
required to file an application to the commissioner of the
land revenue department that comes under the city
authority with the purpose of conversion.
6. The land is converted to some other purpose only when the
deputy commissioner or the assistant commissioner issues a
conversion order authorizing the jurisdiction. The order
mentions whether the land has been converted for residential,
commercial, industrial, public or semi-public use.
Apart from that one will also be required to obtain a conversion
certificate issued by the tehsildar confirming the conversion
order and the conditions contained therein.
If one want to convert the land into industrial land and the area
falls in a zone earmarked in the city’s master plan for
commercial uses, such conversion will not be allowed.
The conversion can happen only after the settlement of all
kinds of dues and disputes like ongoing dispute over the title, or
pending tax to be paid.
7. Advantages of land conversion
The rapid burst of population requires space to live and that can only
be fulfilled by taking over the land used for other purposes, this also
require conversion of agricultural land water bodies and other lands
surrounding the urban areas to be converted into habitats for people.
The population growth also require a large amount of food for the
support which require food processing units and many more types of
industries in the suburbs.
8. Many investors feel that buying agricultural land in the nearby districts
of tier-1 and tier-2 cities and rural areas, is the best investment
alternative in the prevalent market conditions.
Although agricultural land has always been considered as one of the
best long-term investment options, it has become sought after now,
due to the slump in urban realty markets.
One of the main reasons why India is a member of the BRICS
nation and is tipped to be the next global superpower is its rapid pace
of industrialization.
The developing nation must have enough space for the industries for
the up growth in its GDP.
Industrialization has a major contribution to India’s economic growth
rate in 2010-2011 which is measured at about an impressive 8.6%.
The rate of investment in India has been found to have exceeded 36%
of the country’s GDP and this has happened because India is making
progress in the industrial sector by leaps and bounds.
9. Effects on land and agriculture
Out of the total land mass of 328 million hectares, about 60% or 181.95
million hectares is cultivable. But in 1988-89, we had 185.142 million
hectares of cultivable land and what's worse is that only 45 percent of land
is under irrigation.
Since 1995-96, the average size land holding has decreased from 1.41
hectares to 1.15 hectares which accounts for the decrease of 30,000 hectares
of cultivable land each year.
10. In Delhi, India built-up area witnessed an overall increment of 16.86% of the
total city area of 1490 km during 1997 to 2008. This area mainly came from
agriculture land, waste land etc.
Raichur City located in the state of Karnataka, India, revealed that the city is
under imminent threat from the rapid urbanization. As per the present trend,
by 2021, nearly 27% of the agricultural land would be converted to settlements
resulting in shortage of the surface and ground water resources which, in turn,
would further impact agriculture.
12. Impact of urbanization
driveways, highways, parking lots associated with urban sprawl lead to
a significant increase in runoff, resulting in increased flooding and
erosion of stream banks.
Water quality is degraded by the runoff of fertilizer, pesticides, oil that
drips from engines, etc. This may lead to an increase in local
ordinances designed to force farmers to pay for some of the negative
impacts generated by agriculture.
13. Urban development has been linked to many environmental
problems, including air pollution, water pollution, and loss of
wildlife habitat.
Urban runoff often contains nutrients, sediment and toxic
contaminants, and can cause not only water pollution but also
large variation in stream flow and temperatures.
As the number of cars on the road increases, a number of
harmful pollutants are emitted as vehicular exhausts. These
pollutants include carbon monoxide gas, nitric oxide,
hydrocarbons and particulates.
the government knows that unplanned industrialization will
lead to chaos but in order to woo corporate houses and get them
to make maximum investments in the country, they take away
the lands of these farmers.
14. IMPACT
Deforestation, urban development, agriculture, and other human
activities have substantially altered the Earth’s landscape.
The agro ecosystems of Central Himalayan villages are under
enormous pressure due to industrialization and commercialization of
agriculture. The production and suitable management of resources is
necessary to save these natural ecosystems from further decline.
Number of Rural and Urban Settlements and their Population in India
15. The irrational land transformation process has disrupted the ecological
balance of the Himalayan watersheds through reduced groundwater,
increased run-off and soil erosion, but has also affected the economy
and ecology of the Indo-Gangetic plains by frequent floods and
reduced irrigation potential.
Land use changes result from population growth and migration of poor
rural people to urban areas for economic opportunities.
Changes in land use directly influence the regional air quality, energy
consumption and climate at global, regional and local scales.
It is essential to know the natural characteristics, extent and location,
its quality, productivity, suitability and limitations of various land uses
for sustainable utilization of the land ecosystems.
in 2001, almost 57 percent of India’s total work force was employed in
agriculture sector whereas in 2011, 54.61 percent is employed in this
sector. This is a serious matter as with the increase in population the
food demand increases but the workforce is decreasing.
16. Conversions of wetlands and water diversions have brought many
wildlife species to the verge of extinction.
The agricultural space is used, connected agricultural land is
destroyed, natural potential of soils is indirectly lost and the
endangered animals and plants are eliminated (Ecological
Impacts).
The urban expansion of the city (both built-up and non-built-up)
has destroyed fertile agricultural land which cannot be recovered,
and the study area is losing agrarian characteristics. Canals and
their tributaries which used to flow through agricultural fields are
now encroached upon and are used for the disposal of garbage and
wastes.
Achieving these targets is even more challenging since agricultural
scientists have already suggested a decline in crop yields, and there
is not much scope for further expansion in the agricultural area.
17.
18. In 1998, the food grain demand in the country was 193 million
tonnes, which was barely achieved due to favourable monsoons.
By the year 2015, the demand was around 350 million tonnes.
To meet such food requirements, production needs to increase
at a rate of 3 per cent per annum; but in the last five years, the
growth rate in food grain production was only 1.6 per cent.
The total estimated loss of food grain production due to urban
expansion in the saharanpur district(UP), was about 50,490
quintals between 1988 and 1998. The city was expanding by
about 168 hectares annually, and future projections suggest that
this will continue or even increase.
As predicted if the global demand for food doubles by the year
2030 there will be threat to food security globally. To meet the
future demands of increasing food production more land under
agriculture is required.
19. Urbanization presents many challenges for farmers on the urban
fringe. Conflicts with nonfarm neighbours and vandalism, such
as destruction of crops and damage to farm equipment, are
major concerns of farmers at the urban fringe.
Neighbouring farmers often cooperate in production activities,
including equipment sharing, land renting, custom work, and
irrigation system development. These benefits will disappear
when neighbouring farms are converted to development.
Farmers may no longer be able to benefit from information
sharing and formal and informal business relationships among
neighbouring farms.
Urbanization may also cause the “impermanence syndrome”
(i.e., a lack of confidence in the stability and long–run
profitability of farming), leading to a reduction in investment in
new technology or machinery, or idling of farmland.
20. As the nearest input suppliers close because of insufficient
demand for farm inputs, a farmer may have to pay more for
inputs or spend more time to obtain equipment repairs.
Competition for labour from non agricultural sectors may raise
farmers’ labour costs.
21. Why to save agricultural land Preserving farmland and promoting farmland best management
practices will have benefits both on the world market scale and for
local economies
Agriculture has direct, positive effects on local economies through
product sales, job creation, the use of support services and businesses,
and the supply of lucrative secondary markets such as food processing.
Agricultural land in Rural Area in India is not considered a capital
asset. Therefore any gains from its sale are not taxable under the head
Capital Gains.
Distinctive agricultural landscapes in hilly areas of different regions
like assam, ooty etc brings tourism into communities.
Farmland preservation paired with sustainable management practices
protects the provision of ecosystem services. Without this protection,
governments would have to pay to artificially replace the services
naturally provided by the farmland.
22. What can be done
although urban expansion cannot be stopped, with proper
management and planning it can be restricted and directed in a
desirable and sustainable way, protecting fertile agricultural lands.
There needs to be a stricter implementation of agricultural land
conversion laws and greater encouragement for farmers to remain
in farming activities, since this would reduce the incentive for rural
to urban migration.
The farmers with productive agriculture land should be
economically compensated to keep their land agriculturally active
than selling it to developmental projects.
Land use regulation can take many different forms. The traditional
command and control approach often involves zoning, density
regulation, and other direct land use controls.
23. The basic objective of land use planning is to achieve the optimal
balance between competing interests. Naturally, every interest claims
that its demand is most important, and one of the first tasks of land
use planning is to strike a balance between these various interests.
The multipurpose use of land should be taken into consideration
wherever possible and no piece of land should be allowed, as far as
possible, to remain vacant or as wasteland.
Vertical construction should be promoted. The government should
ensure the developmental projects in certain areas other than
productive agriculture land, strengthen the zoning regulation and
enact policies to reduce agriculture land losses.
the fallow land (agricultural land not being used) is a ray of hope in
terms of increasing the cultivable land. The current fallow land is 15.25
million hectares and another 11 million fallow land, which is not
cultivated for last five years, a total of 26 million hectares can be made
cultivable by improving irrigation facilities.
24. the urban planning process must combine environmental
planning, transportation planning with land use and spatial
planning with socio-economic and financial planning.
Planning should concentrate growth in selective city centres to
avoid urban sprawl. Smart growth advocates compact, transit-
oriented, walk-to-work, bicycle-friendly land use to the extent
possible, including neighbourhood schools, streets and
amenities that are suitable for everyone.
the government seems to have forgotten, deliberately or
otherwise, that about 80% of our population is dependent on
agriculture for their livelihood. Recent figures have shown that
India’s agricultural growth rate in 2010 was a meager 5%. That
means unlike the industrial sector the agricultural
sector cannot satisfy the current market demands as the
government is keener to improve only industries.
25. Conclusion
Land use regulation is a contentious issue in many communities,
particularly those facing rapid urbanization. Proponents argue that
land use planning protects farmland, forests, water quality, open space,
and wildlife habitat and, at the same time, increases property value and
human health.
Conversely, uncontrolled development will destroy the natural
environment and long–term economic growth. Critics of land use
regulation call those fears overblown.
Critics argue that urban development is an orderly market process that
allocates land from agriculture to urban use, and that governments
tend to over regulate because they rarely bear the costs of regulation.
Any policy measures that aim at curbing urban development will
ultimately affect the way of life, that is, the ability to consume a large
amount of living space at affordable prices.
26. Policymakers must resist the temptation to attribute all
“irregular” land use patterns to market failures and impose
stringent land use regulations that may hinder the function of
market forces.
They should try to identify the sources of market failures that
cause "excessive development" and address problems at their
roots. Land use regulation must strike a balance between
private property rights and the public interest.
Different laws can be made for the protection of environment
which also helps urban development hence maintaining the
balance between both . For example :- As automobiles will be
driven by an increasing number of users who live in urban
areas, so stricter emission standards will increase the demand
of auto-catalysts used in catalytic converter.