Environmental auditing assesses a company's environmental performance and impact in order to help inform decision-making. Audits evaluate the nature and extent of environmental harm caused by a company's activities, wastes, or noise. Audits should be independent, objective, credible, transparent, regular and ongoing. Environmental auditing was developed in the 1970s in response to new environmental regulations and has since been used to assess compliance, issues of concern, sites, products, and management systems. Audits identify recommendations to improve practices and reduce environmental impact.

1. PRESENTED BY
NIMISHA S
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING

2. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
Introduction
Environmental auditing is an attempt to provide information
on the environmental performance of a company, and thus
include environmental issues in the decision making
process.
An environmental audit assesses the nature and extent of
harm to the environment caused by the activities, wastes or
noise from a particular company.
Environmental audits must be independent, objective,
credible and transparent in order to be successful. Audits
should also be regular and ongoing.

3. Background
Environmental auditing originated in the United
States and in Western Europe in the 1970s.
 In that period the developed countries were adopting
the environmental legislation in order to reduce the
harmful consequences of the companies' actions that
had affected the environment.
 Environmental auditing was introduced to the rest of
the world
by multi-national companies which demand that their
subsidiaries and suppliers have green credentials.

4.  More recently, environmental auditing has been used as an
extremely valuable tool for assessing a company's
environmental management systems, policy, and equipment.
It provides the company with recommendations on how it can
improve its environmental management practices, and reduce
the impact that a company is having on the environment
Greater awareness and understanding of environmental
issues have led the supreme audit institutions (SAIs) to
introduce the environmental auditing in the public sector.

6. AUDITING IN THE PRIVATE AND PUBLIC
SECTOR.
Private sector environmental auditing has been variously
defined as:
a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation
of the performance of the organization, management system
and processes designed to protect the environment.

7. public sector environmental auditing
In the public sector, two forms of auditing have been defined:
1-External audit:
an assessment of the condition of the local environment, and
2-Internal audit:
consisting of 'Policy Impact Assessment', a review of the activities
(objectives, services, practices and policies) of the authority related
to the environment protection as well as 'Management Audit', a
review of the procedures by which environmental policies are
managed by the authority

8. Areas of environmental auditing
Areas of environmental auditing normally include:
Material management, savings and alternatives;
Energy management and savings;
Water management and economy of use;
 Waste generation, management and disposal;
Noise reduction, evaluation and control (internal
and external);

9. Air emissions and indoor air quality;
 Transportation and travelling practices;
Staff awareness, participation and training in environmental
issues;
 Environmental information publicity;

10. TYPES OF AUDITS
Compliance audit: The most common type of audit.
it consists of checks against environmental legislation and
company policy. Compliance audits may be multimedia or
programmatic. Multimedia audits involve identifying and
auditing all environmental media (air, water, waste, etc.) that
apply to the operation/company. Programmatic audits (which
may also be called thematic or media-specific) are limited in
scope to specific areas, such as air.
Issues audit: an evaluation of how a company's
activities relate to a specific environmental issue such as
global pollution or energy use;

11. •Site audit: an audit of a particular site to
examine actual or potential environmental
problems;
• Due diligence audit: an assessment of potential
environmental and financial risks and liabilities
carried out because of a company merger or site
acquisition e.g. contaminated land remediation
costs);
Product life cycle audit :an analysis of
environmental impacts of a product throughout all
stages of its design, production, use and disposal,
including its reuse and recycling.

12. AUDIT PROCEDURE
Pre-audit stage
•full management commitment;
•setting overall goals, objectives, scope and priorities;
•selecting a team to ensure objectivity and professional
competence
Audit stage
on-site audit, well defined and systematic using protocols or
checklists; review of documents and records; review of policies;
interviews; site inspection;

13. POST-AUDIT STAGE
• evaluation of findings;
• reporting with recommendations;
• preparation of an action plan; and follow-up.

14. AUDIT PROTOCOLS,METHODS AND
TOOLS
• The term "protocol" means the checklist used by
environmental auditors as the guide for conducting
the audit activities.
• Current technology supports many versions of
computer-based protocols that attempt to simplify
the audit process by converting regulatory
requirements into questions with "yes", "no" and
"not applicable" check boxes.
•In the US, permits for air emissions, wastewater
discharges and other operational aspects may
establish the primary legal compliance standards
for companies.

15. The benefits of auditing
Ensuring compliance, not only with laws, regulations and standards,
but also with company policies and the requirements of an
Environmental Management System (EMS) standard;
Enabling environmental problems and risks to be anticipated and
responses planned;
To demonstrate that an organization is aware of its impact upon the
environment through providing feedback;
increased awareness amongst stakeholders; and
more efficient resource use and financial savings. Improved
environmental practices and environment friendly technology often
save money in the long run

16. Thanks for
your time