The document summarizes the key laws of the environment: interdependence, everything has a role, limiting factors, and nature knows best. It then discusses the living environment including photosynthesis and respiration. The non-living environment includes weathering from physical, chemical, and biological factors. Acid rain is formed from carbonic, sulfuric, and nitric acids. Actions individuals can take to reduce acid rain and help the environment are also outlined.

1. Presentation: Environment Hope You Enjoy !!! By Mohammad Hassanally Year 9 20/04/06

2. Environment ________ Do You Know What It Is ? __

4. The First Law, Interdependence Law of Interdependence: Everything is linked to everything else. If there is a slight change in one place it will affect somewhere else. First Law: Food Web

5. The Second Law, Everything Has a Role Second Law: EG Plants produce energy with the help of photosynthesis. carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen chlorophyll light

6. The Third Law, Limiting Factors Limiting Factors: All plants and animals live in an optimal condition, if the condition is beyond the optimal rate plants animals may not live. Third Law: Optimal Condition Beyond Optimal Condition

7. The Fourth Law, Nature Knows Best Fourth Law: Nature Knows Best: If there is any environmental problem let nature take its course, in time it will eventually be cured. Polluted sky Clear sky Leave It To Nature Leave it to nature, find out what is causing the disturbance in the environment, and try to stop it completely or minimize it as much as possible.

8. 1) Living Environment: Plants And Animals. 2) Non-Living Environment: Rocks Providing Soil In The Process Of Weathering. Living And Non-Living Environment

9. A living environment includes the roles of living things. There are two types of living environment and they are follows. Living Environment 1) Photosynthesis . 2) Respiration.

11. Respiration There are two main types of respiration, Aerobic and Anaerobic Aerobic: In Aerobic respiration glucose reacts with oxygen in the mitochondria of the cells to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are by-products of the reaction. Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy Anaerobic: Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is not available. In anaerobic respiration the glucose is only partially broken down, and lactic acid is produced - together with a much smaller amount of energy. Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy Mitochondria: The mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell. Mitochondria convert nutrients into energy as well as doing many other specialized tasks. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 -> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (2900Kj) C 6 H 12 O 6 -> C 3 H 6 O 3 + Energy (120Kj)

12. Non-Living Environment 1) Weathering. Weathering is classified as a Non Living Environment.

13. Weathering Types of weathering Physical Chemical Biological

14. Physical Weathering Exfoliation: Frost Shattering: Exfoliation: Frost shattering Definition: Mechanical disintegration of rocks is physical weathering. Physical Due to heating & Cooling of rocks It weakens and breaks layer by layer. Water which enters The rock during The day may Freeze at nigh. It will Cause the rocks To expand. This Will apply pressure On the rock & Causing It to Break.

15. Chemical Weathering Definition: Chemical weathering involves decomposition of rocks. Carbonation: Oxidation: Hydration: Hydrolysis: The breaking of water molecule. Carbonation: Oxidation: Hydration : Hydrolysis: Chemical Chemical change in which carbon is added to the rock. Chemical change In which oxygen Is added to the Rock. Force of water Which breaks The rock.

16. Biological weathering Definition: Human plants and animals cause biological weathering. Animals which live inside the earth breaks the rock. Also decomposition of animal waste also leads to weathering. Mining: Decomposition: Human: Plants: Animals: Biological Human activity such as mining, quarrying breaks down the rock. Penetration of roots breaks The rocks. leaf Litter, during decomposition the leaf will release Carbon which adds with water to make carbonic acid.

17. Acid Rain Types of Acid Rain Carbonic Sulphuric Nitric

18. What Is Acid Rain ? Definition: Rain that has become acidic after contact with certain atmospheric gases (primarily sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides). Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6. It is slightly acidic because naturally present carbon dioxide from the Earth's atmosphere dissolves in the rain drops to form carbonic acid. What is the pH of normal rain? What is the average pH of acid rain? The average pH of acidic rain which is more common is 4 to 5 on the pH scale.

20. Carbonic Carbonic: when carbon mixes with water at ordinary temperatures. Will form very weak acid. EG: Car exhaust

21. Sulphuric: When sulphur mixes with water, at normal temperatures. Will form strong acid. Sulphuric EG: From industries. Sulphur being released from an industry

22. Nitric Nitric: At the time of lightning Nitrogen mixes with water, at high temperatures to form nitric acid. Will form very strong acid. Lightning

23. What you can do to help reduce acid rain ? Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the main pollutants that cause acid rain. These pollutants are emitted largely by fossil fuels. Reducing the use of fossil fuels therefore, including the use of electricity generated by coal- and oil-fired power plants, will help reduce acid rain. At Home: 1. Buy energy-efficient appliances. 3. Turn off the lights in empty rooms and when away from home. 4. Consider installing compact fluorescent bulbs instead of high-wattage incandescent bulbs. 5. Turn off the hot water tank when going away for extended periods of time. 2. Install additional insulation on the hot water tank and pipes. Some suggestions that we could try at home.

25. The End By Mohammad Hassanally Year 9 Presentation: Environment