Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"vckg1987
very important tpic for public health expertise. this presentation includes the from womgb to tomb of mosquitoes. which in clear sense means from their larval life cycle to control management.
Medical entomology "the need to know about little creatures"vckg1987
very important tpic for public health expertise. this presentation includes the from womgb to tomb of mosquitoes. which in clear sense means from their larval life cycle to control management.
Vectors of Medical Importance-by-Dr.Purnoor.pptxPurnoorKaur3
## Vectors of Medical Importance.pptx: Dive into the World of Disease Carriers
Introduction:
* Defining vectors and their significance in public health.
* Highlighting the global burden of vector-borne diseases.
Major Vector Groups:
Arthropods:
* Mosquitoes - major players in malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Zika.
* Ticks - vectors of Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, encephalitis.
* Flies - tsetse flies (sleeping sickness), sandflies (leishmaniasis).
* Fleas - plague, murine typhus.
Non-arthropods:
* Snails - schistosomiasis.
* Rodents - plague, hantavirus.
Disease Transmission Mechanisms:
* Different mechanisms for each vector-disease combination.
* Role of vector biology and behavior in transmission.
Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases:
* Global health burden - morbidity, mortality, economic impact.
* Social and economic disparities in disease prevalence.
Vector Control Strategies:
* Insecticides and repellents.
* Bed nets and other protective measures.
* Vaccination and treatment programs.
* Environmental modification and community engagement.
Emerging Challenges:
* Climate change and its impact on vector distribution and abundance.
* Antibiotic resistance in vector-borne pathogens.
* Need for innovative control strategies.
Conclusion
* Importance of continued research and collaboration in vector control.
* Emphasizing the potential for disease prevention and improved public health.
Additional elements:
* Compelling visuals like images of vectors, disease transmission cycles, and maps.
* Data and statistics highlighting the global impact of vector-borne diseases.
* Case studies of specific vector-borne diseases and their control efforts.
* Audience-specific tailoring depending on the intended audience (medical professionals, general public, policymakers).
Others important fungi are included in this group
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides barasiliensis
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. Entomology
• Medical entomology is the branch of science that deals with
arthropods that cause disease or that serve as vectors (carrier) of
organisms that cause disease in humans
4. Habit of mosquitoes
ANOPHELES CULEX AEDES MANSONIA
Breeding place Clean water Dirty water Artificial
collection
Aquatic plant
(pistia)
Resting place Indoor
(Endophilic)
Indoor Indoor Outdoor
(Exophilic)
Feeding pattern Antropophilic
Zoophilic
Anthropophilic Anthropophilic Anthropophilic
Time of bite Night – dusk –
early morning
Midnight Day Night
Flight range 3-5 km 11 km <100 m -
Special names Sophisticated
mosquito
Nuisance
mosquito
Tiger mosquito -
6. Life stages of mosquito
Anophelines Culicines
EGG laid singly Aedes – singly
Culex, mansonia -
Clusters
LARVA Rests parallel to water
surface
Suspended head down
from the water surface
PUPA Comma shaped Comma shaped
ADULTS Rests at an angle to
surface
Spotted wings
Rests parallel to the
surface
Uniform wings
7. Male
head
Palpi longer than the
proboscis bent outwards
Antennae – bushy
Palpi and proboscis of
same length
Palpi tip – club shaped
Antennae – bushy
Female
head
Palpi shorter than the
proboscis
Antennae – less hairy
Palpi and proboscis of
same length
Palpi tip – straight
Antennae – less hairy
CULICINES ANOPHELINES
9. Anopheles egg Anopheles larva Anopheles pupa
• Laid singly on water surface
• Boat shaped with lateral floats
• Rests parallel to water surface
• No siphon tube, surface feeder
• Palmate hairs on all abdominal
segments
• 8th abdominal segment –
respiratory spiracles
• Large cephalothorax and
narrow abdomen
• Paddles at the end of
abdominal segments
• Siphon tube on dorsal
surface
10. Control - Anopheles
Anti adult measures
• Indoor residual spraying
• Synthetic pyrethroids
• α-cypermethrin,cyflumethrin,δ-methrin
• Done around 50 houses of the case
• Genetic control
• Sterile male technique
• Cytoplasmic incompatibilty
Personal protection
• Mosquito net – hole size 0.0475 inch
• Screening – ITN, LLIN
• Repellants – DEET, DEPA
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• Source reduction : filling , drainage
• Chemical
• Mineral oil
• Paris green
• Synthetic insecticide
• Temephos (Abate), Diflubenzarone
• Biolarvicide
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• Bacillus sphericus
• Biological – Gambusia, Guppy
11. Culex female
Culex male
Culex female head
Culex male head
Public health importance
• Japanese encephalitis
• West Nile fever
• Bancroftian filariasis
Culex
12. Culex egg Culex larva Culex pupa
• Laid in raft like clusters
• Each egg is cigar shaped
• Suspended head down at an angle to
water surface
• Siphon tube – long slender on 8th
abdominal segment
• No palmate hair
• No respiratory spiracles
• Siphon tube long and tubular
on dorsal surface
13. Control - Culex
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Insecticides
• Genetic control
Personal protection
15. Aedes egg Aedes larva Aedes pupa
• Laid singly
• cigar shaped or spindle shaped
• Siphon tube on 8th abdominal
segment is broad and short
(barrel shaped)
• Siphon tube on dorsal
surface is very short
16. Control - Aedes
Anti larval measures
• Environmental – source reduction – dry day
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Indoor space sprays (ISS)
• Pyrethrum extract + kerosene in 1:19
• Thermal fogging
• Technical malathion + diesel in 1:19
• Genetic control
Personal protection
18. Mansonia egg Mansonia larva Mansonia pupa
• Star shaped clusters
• Each egg spindle shaped
• Siphon tube on 8th abdominal
segment is triangular with
chitinous tip with which it
attaches pistia plant
• Siphon tube long and narrow
on dorsal surface
19. Control - Mansonia
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• removal of pistia plant
• herbicides
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Insecticides
• Genetic control
Personal protection
