The document provides an overview of medical entomology, focusing on various mosquito genera such as Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, and Mansonia. It details their habitats, behavior, life stages, and public health importance, including diseases they transmit such as malaria, dengue, and filariasis. The document also discusses control measures including chemical, biological, and personal protection strategies.

1. Entomology- I

2. Entomology
• Medical entomology is the branch of science that deals with
arthropods that cause disease or that serve as vectors (carrier) of
organisms that cause disease in humans

3. Mosquitoes - India
Anopheles Aedes
Culex Mansonia
CULICINES
ANOPHELINES

4. Habit of mosquitoes
ANOPHELES CULEX AEDES MANSONIA
Breeding place Clean water Dirty water Artificial
collection
Aquatic plant
(pistia)
Resting place Indoor
(Endophilic)
Indoor Indoor Outdoor
(Exophilic)
Feeding pattern Antropophilic
Zoophilic
Anthropophilic Anthropophilic Anthropophilic
Time of bite Night – dusk –
early morning
Midnight Day Night
Flight range 3-5 km 11 km <100 m -
Special names Sophisticated
mosquito
Nuisance
mosquito
Tiger mosquito -

5. Adult Mosquito - parts
Parts of mosquito head

6. Life stages of mosquito
Anophelines Culicines
EGG laid singly Aedes – singly
Culex, mansonia -
Clusters
LARVA Rests parallel to water
surface
Suspended head down
from the water surface
PUPA Comma shaped Comma shaped
ADULTS Rests at an angle to
surface
Spotted wings
Rests parallel to the
surface
Uniform wings

7. Male
head
Palpi longer than the
proboscis bent outwards
Antennae – bushy
Palpi and proboscis of
same length
Palpi tip – club shaped
Antennae – bushy
Female
head
Palpi shorter than the
proboscis
Antennae – less hairy
Palpi and proboscis of
same length
Palpi tip – straight
Antennae – less hairy
CULICINES ANOPHELINES

8. Anopheles female
Anopheles male
Anopheles male head
Anopheles female head
Public health importance
• Malaria
• Filariasis (not in India)
Anopheles

9. Anopheles egg Anopheles larva Anopheles pupa
• Laid singly on water surface
• Boat shaped with lateral floats
• Rests parallel to water surface
• No siphon tube, surface feeder
• Palmate hairs on all abdominal
segments
• 8th abdominal segment –
respiratory spiracles
• Large cephalothorax and
narrow abdomen
• Paddles at the end of
abdominal segments
• Siphon tube on dorsal
surface

10. Control - Anopheles
Anti adult measures
• Indoor residual spraying
• Synthetic pyrethroids
• α-cypermethrin,cyflumethrin,δ-methrin
• Done around 50 houses of the case
• Genetic control
• Sterile male technique
• Cytoplasmic incompatibilty
Personal protection
• Mosquito net – hole size 0.0475 inch
• Screening – ITN, LLIN
• Repellants – DEET, DEPA
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• Source reduction : filling , drainage
• Chemical
• Mineral oil
• Paris green
• Synthetic insecticide
• Temephos (Abate), Diflubenzarone
• Biolarvicide
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• Bacillus sphericus
• Biological – Gambusia, Guppy

11. Culex female
Culex male
Culex female head
Culex male head
Public health importance
• Japanese encephalitis
• West Nile fever
• Bancroftian filariasis
Culex

12. Culex egg Culex larva Culex pupa
• Laid in raft like clusters
• Each egg is cigar shaped
• Suspended head down at an angle to
water surface
• Siphon tube – long slender on 8th
abdominal segment
• No palmate hair
• No respiratory spiracles
• Siphon tube long and tubular
on dorsal surface

13. Control - Culex
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Insecticides
• Genetic control
Personal protection

14. Aedes female
Aedes male
Aedes
Public health importance
• Yellow fever
• Dengue fever
• Chikungunya
• Zika
• Rift valley fever

15. Aedes egg Aedes larva Aedes pupa
• Laid singly
• cigar shaped or spindle shaped
• Siphon tube on 8th abdominal
segment is broad and short
(barrel shaped)
• Siphon tube on dorsal
surface is very short

16. Control - Aedes
Anti larval measures
• Environmental – source reduction – dry day
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Indoor space sprays (ISS)
• Pyrethrum extract + kerosene in 1:19
• Thermal fogging
• Technical malathion + diesel in 1:19
• Genetic control
Personal protection

17. Mansonia female
Mansonia male
Mansonia
Public health importance
• Filariasis (B. malayi)
• Chikungunya fever

18. Mansonia egg Mansonia larva Mansonia pupa
• Star shaped clusters
• Each egg spindle shaped
• Siphon tube on 8th abdominal
segment is triangular with
chitinous tip with which it
attaches pistia plant
• Siphon tube long and narrow
on dorsal surface

19. Control - Mansonia
Anti larval measures
• Environmental
• removal of pistia plant
• herbicides
• Chemical
• Biological
Anti adult measures
• Insecticides
• Genetic control
Personal protection

20. Entomology slides :
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M3UH7v9T-IigQbYXolUw-
dDmszK1WNJD/view?usp=sharing
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