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![Definition
• Biomedical waste (BMW)– Any waste generated during the
odiagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals,
oor in research activities pertaining thereto
oor in the production or testing of biologicals
[BMW Management and Handling rules, 1998 of India]
• 75 – 90% non-risk or general health care waste
• 10 – 25% hazardous waste](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hospitalwastemanagement-230601101527-7806acf0/75/HOSPITAL-WASTE-MANAGEMENT-pptx-3-2048.jpg)
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HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.pptx
- 1. HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Dr JazeelaMohamed Siddique Senior resident Department Of Community Medicine
- 2. Introduction • Heath carewaste – highest potential for infection and injury • Hazardous waste per hospital per day oHigh income countries – 0.5 kg oLow income countries – 0.2 kg • Crucial for environmental health protection • Integral feature of health care services
- 3. Definition • Biomedical waste(BMW)– Any waste generated during the odiagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals, oor in research activities pertaining thereto oor in the production or testing of biologicals [BMW Management and Handling rules, 1998 of India] • 75 – 90% non-risk or general health care waste • 10 – 25% hazardous waste
- 4. Sources of health-carewaste • Govt and private hospitals • Nursing homes • Physician’s clinic • Dentist clinic • PHC • Medical research & training • Mortuaries • Blood bank & collection centres • Animal & slaughter houses • Laboratories • Vaccinating centres • Biotechnology institutions
- 5. Health care wastegeneration Depends on • Waste management methods • Type of healthcare establishment • Hospital specializations • Proportion of reusable items • Proportion of patients treated on day care basis 80% 15% 1% 3% 1% General health care waste Pathological and infectious waste Sharps
- 6. Health hazards ofhealth care waste Wastes and Sharps • Puncture, abrasion, cut • Through mucous membrane • Hep B • Hep C • HIV Chemical and pharmaceuticals • Toxic • Corrosive • Flammable • Reactive • Explosive • Burns • Injuries Genotoxic • Inhalation of dusts, aerosols • Skin absorption • Food contaminated accidentally Radioactive • Type and extent of exposure • Headache • Vomiting • Dizziness • Affects genetic material Public sensitivity • Visual impact of anatomical waste
- 7. Treatment and disposalmethods Incineration • High temperature • Dry oxidation process • No pre-treatment • Types: • Double chamber pyrolytic • Single chamber furnaces - affordable Chemical disinfection • Chemical added to kill • Blood, urine, stools, hospital sewage • Microbiological cultures, sharps can be treated Wet and dry thermal treatment • Wet thermal • High temperature, pressure, steam • No anatomical waste • Screw feed technology • Non burn, dry thermal • Shredded and heated • Infectious sharp waste
- 8. Microwave irradiation • 2450 Mhzfrequency • Wave length 12.24 nm • Destroyed by heat conduction Land disposal • Muncipal disposal sites • Land open dumps • Sanitary landfills Inertization • Mixing with cement before disposal • 65% pharmaceutical waste • 15% lime • 15% cement • 5% water
- 9. Advantages and Disadvantages TreatmentAdvantages Disadvantages Rotary kiln All infectious waste High costs Pyrolyic incineration High efficiency Incomplete destruction, High costs Single chamber incineration Residues – landfills No trained operators Low investment and costs Emission of pollutants Removal of slag and soot Drum or brick incinerator Drastic reduction of waste Low investment and costs 99% reduction of micro organisms Chemical disinfection Highly efficient Inexpensive chemicals Qualified operators Inadequate for pharmaceutical and chemical Wet thermal treatment Environmentally sound Shredders breakdown Microwave irradiation Good efficiency High investment and costs Encapsulation Simple, low cost, safe Not for non-sharp waste Safe burying Low cost Precautions at site Inertization Inexpensive Not for infectious waste
- 10. Segregation of biomedicalwaste • Segregation is done at the point of generation of waste in separate coloured bags • To avoid mixing of general waste and infectious • Reduce total treatment cost • Reduce impacts of this wastes on the community • Reduce the chance of infecting health care workers
- 11. Category Type ofwaste Type of bag/ container Treatment disposal Yellow Human anatomical Animal anatomical Soiled waste Expired medicines Chemical waste Discarded linen Microbiological Biotechnology Clinical lab waste Chemical liquid waste Non chlorinated plastic bag Separate collection Incineration Plasma pyrolysis Deep burial Microwaving Autoclaving Shredding Red Recyclable Contaminated (IV sets, catheters, gloves, etc) Non chlorinated plastic bag Microwaving Autoclaving White Waste sharps including metals (needles, syringes with fixed needles) Puncture proof, leak proof, tamper proof container Autoclaving Dry heat sterilisation Shredding Mutilation Encapsulation Blue Glassware (ampoules, vials) Metallic body implants Cardboard box with blue marking Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite Autoclaving, Recycling
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