The document discusses medical entomology and focuses on mosquitoes. It describes the taxonomy of mosquitoes, noting they are in the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. Key characteristics of the different developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult) are provided for several mosquito genera, including Anopheles, Culex, Aedes and Mansonia. Habits of mosquitoes like feeding, breeding, and environmental influences are outlined. Finally, mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue and filariasis are listed and control measures like larviciding, space spraying and mosquito nets are described.

1. Medical Entomology
Dr. Priyank Algotar

2. 3
PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
INSECTA ARACHNIDA CRUSTACEA
 MOSQUITO
 FLIES
 LOUSE
 FLEAS
 REDUVID BUG
 SOFT TICK
 HARD TICK
 ITCH MITE
 TROMBICULID MITE
 CYCLOPS
CLASS

3. 4
Characters:
Insecta Arachnida Crustacea
Body
division:
Head
Thorax &
Abdomen
Cephalo-
thorax &
Abdomen
Cephalo-
thorax &
Abdomen
Legs: 3 pairs 4 pairs 5 pairs
Antennae: 1 pair - 2 pairs
Wings: 1 or 2 pair or
Wingless
- -
Habitat: Land Land Water

4. 5
• Direct Contact e.g. scabies, pediculosis
• Mechanical e.g. diarrhoea, dysentery, trachoma
• Biological:
(a) Propagative e.g. plague bacilli in rat flea,
(b) Cyclopropagative e.g. malaria parasite in
anopheles mosquito
(c) Cyclodevelopmental e.g. filarial parasite in
culex mosquito

5. 6
Mosquitoes

6. 7
Mosquito:
• Phylum: Arthropoda
• Class: Insecta
• Order: Diptera
• Family: Culicidae
• Subfamily: Culicinae & Anophelinae
• Tribes: Culicini & Anophelini,
• Genus: culex, aedes, mansonia & anopheles

7. 8
• Morphology:
 Divided into head, thorax and abdomen
 Head: semi-globular, bears a pair of large
compound eyes, a proboscis, a pair of palpi and a
pair of antenna (bushy in male).
 Thorax: bears a pair of wings dorsally and 3 pair of
legs ventrally. Behind the wings, there is a drum-
stick like structure – Halters
 Abdomen: narrow tube like, having 9/10
segments. Last segment is having claspers in male
& a pair of cerci in female.

8. 9

9. 10
Anopheles
female Anopheles
male
Culex female
Culex male

10. Dr. Nilesh 11

11. 12
Eggs:
Anophiles Aedes Culex

12. 13

13. 14
Larva:
• Anopheles larva rest
parallel to water surface.
• Don’t have siphon tube
• Palmate hair present on
abdominal segments
• Culicini larvae suspends
with head downwards at
an angle with water
surface
• Siphon tube is present.

14. 15
• Pupa:
– In anophelini pupa, the siphon tube is short and broad,
while in culicini pupa, it is long and narrow.

15. Dr. Nilesh 16

16. 17
CULEX-ADULT
AEDES MOSQ.-FEEDING

17. 18

18. 19
Mosquitoes
Anophilies:
45 species
A.culicifacies
A.fluviatilis
A.stephensi
A.minimus
A.phillippinensis
A.sundaicus
A.leucasphyrus
Culex:
C.fatigans
C.tritaeno
-rhynchus
Aedes:
A.aegypti
A.vittutus
A.albopictus
Mansonia:
M.annulifera
M.uniformis
M.indiana
M.longipalpis

19. 20
Habits of mosquitoes:
1) Feeding habits: only female are
haemotophagus. May be
anthrophilic/zoophilic.
2) Time of biting
3) Resting habits: endophilia or exophilia
4) Dispersal
5) Environmental influences: Tempo
, humidity,
rainfall, wind speed

20. 21
6) Breeding habits: Anopheles

21. Dr. Nilesh 22
Culex:

22. Dr. Nilesh 23
Aedes:

23. 24
Mansonia:

24. 25
Mosquito borne disease
• Anopheles:
– Malaria
– Filaria
• Culex:
– Bancroftian Filaria
– JE
– West nile fever
– Viral arthrities
• Aedes:
– Yellow fever
– Dengue
– Chickungunya fever
– Rift vally fever
– filaria
• Mansonia:
– Brugyan Filaria
– Chickungunya fever

25. 26
Control measures:
1. Antilarval measures:
a) Environmental control: “source reduction”
b) Chemical control:
i. Mineral oils: MLO, fuel oil, kerosene.
ii. Paris green
iii. Synthetic pyrethroids: abate, malathion, fenthion, chlorpyrifos.
c) Biolarvicide: Bacillus thuringiensis iserailensis (Bti)-Endotoxin
d) Biological control: Larvivorous fish
Gambusia affinis Lebister reticulatus

26. 27
2. Anti-adult measures:
a) Residual spray: malathion, propoxur
b) Space spray: pyrethrum, ULV spray of fenithrothion &
malathion
c) Genetic control

27. 28
3. Protection against mosquito-bite:
a) Mosquito net: ITBN treated with Deltamethrin
b) Screening: of windows, not >0.0475 inch in any diameter.
c) Repellants : DEET, indalone, diethyl benzamide, dimethyl
phathalate.

28. Dr.Priyank 29
Active ingredients found in mosquito coils may include:
Pyrethrum – a natural, powdered material from a kind of chrysanthemum plant;
moderate performance.
Pyrethrins – an extract of the insecticidal chemicals in pyrethrum.
Allethrin – sometimes d-trans-allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid.

29. Dr. Priyank 30
9428217525