Oriental rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) are bloodsucking parasites of warm blooded animals (mainly rodents).These act as vector for may disease causing organisms like Yersinia pestis, which cause plague and murine typhus.
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens and cause economic losses. There are two main types: hard ticks and soft ticks. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield and visible mouthparts, while soft ticks do not. Ticks go through egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages, and can have one or multiple hosts during their life cycle depending on the species. Both types feed on mammals, birds, and sometimes other animals, and can transmit bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that cause diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Control methods include personal protection, acaricides, biological controls, and vaccination of host animals.
the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
This document provides an overview of mosquitoes, including:
- Mosquitoes have worldwide distribution and there are over 3,450 known species grouped by genus based on physical characteristics. The three most medically important genera are Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles.
- Mosquitoes have a four stage lifecycle - egg, larva, pupa, adult. Larvae develop through four instar stages in aquatic habitats before transforming into non-feeding pupae and then emerging as adult mosquitoes.
- Male and female mosquitoes can be distinguished by features like antennae type and mouthpart morphology. Females require blood meals for egg production while males feed on plant nectar
This document discusses strategies for preventing tick-borne diseases including environmental, personal, and prophylactic measures. Environmental strategies involve controlling deer populations and tick populations. Personal strategies include avoiding wooded areas, wearing protective clothing, and applying insect repellents to skin and clothing. Prophylactic measures refer to the use of vaccines after a tick bite. The document also provides details on removing vegetation, spraying insecticides, wearing impregnated clothing, conducting body checks for ticks, and removing attached ticks.
1. Culex is a genus of mosquitoes that can carry pathogens causing diseases in humans.
2. The Culex lifecycle includes eggs, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Females lay eggs in water that hatch into larvae, undergo several molts as larvae, then form non-feeding pupae and emerge as adult mosquitoes.
3. Adult Culex are small, fragile insects that can transmit diseases like West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, and filariasis worms through their biting and blood-feeding, primarily of females.
The house fly is a common pest found worldwide that can transmit over 100 pathogens through its larvae feeding on feces and adults feeding on human food. As described in the document, the house fly has distinct life stages of eggs, maggots, pupae and winged adults. It is a significant threat to public health, transmitting diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever to humans and agricultural animals. Both non-chemical methods like improved sanitation and chemical insecticides can help control house fly populations.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Fleas are laterally compressed insects with powerful hind legs adapted for jumping. Males have longer antennae than females, which they use to grasp females during mating. Fleas have a hardened exoskeleton and spined combs on their legs and bodies. Their life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Larvae feed on organic debris while adults are parasitic, feeding on host blood. Fleas can transmit diseases like plague, murine typhus, tularemia, and tapeworms between hosts.
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens and cause economic losses. There are two main types: hard ticks and soft ticks. Hard ticks have a dorsal shield and visible mouthparts, while soft ticks do not. Ticks go through egg, larva, nymph, and adult stages, and can have one or multiple hosts during their life cycle depending on the species. Both types feed on mammals, birds, and sometimes other animals, and can transmit bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that cause diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Control methods include personal protection, acaricides, biological controls, and vaccination of host animals.
the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
This document provides an overview of mosquitoes, including:
- Mosquitoes have worldwide distribution and there are over 3,450 known species grouped by genus based on physical characteristics. The three most medically important genera are Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles.
- Mosquitoes have a four stage lifecycle - egg, larva, pupa, adult. Larvae develop through four instar stages in aquatic habitats before transforming into non-feeding pupae and then emerging as adult mosquitoes.
- Male and female mosquitoes can be distinguished by features like antennae type and mouthpart morphology. Females require blood meals for egg production while males feed on plant nectar
This document discusses strategies for preventing tick-borne diseases including environmental, personal, and prophylactic measures. Environmental strategies involve controlling deer populations and tick populations. Personal strategies include avoiding wooded areas, wearing protective clothing, and applying insect repellents to skin and clothing. Prophylactic measures refer to the use of vaccines after a tick bite. The document also provides details on removing vegetation, spraying insecticides, wearing impregnated clothing, conducting body checks for ticks, and removing attached ticks.
1. Culex is a genus of mosquitoes that can carry pathogens causing diseases in humans.
2. The Culex lifecycle includes eggs, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Females lay eggs in water that hatch into larvae, undergo several molts as larvae, then form non-feeding pupae and emerge as adult mosquitoes.
3. Adult Culex are small, fragile insects that can transmit diseases like West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, and filariasis worms through their biting and blood-feeding, primarily of females.
The house fly is a common pest found worldwide that can transmit over 100 pathogens through its larvae feeding on feces and adults feeding on human food. As described in the document, the house fly has distinct life stages of eggs, maggots, pupae and winged adults. It is a significant threat to public health, transmitting diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever to humans and agricultural animals. Both non-chemical methods like improved sanitation and chemical insecticides can help control house fly populations.
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Fleas are laterally compressed insects with powerful hind legs adapted for jumping. Males have longer antennae than females, which they use to grasp females during mating. Fleas have a hardened exoskeleton and spined combs on their legs and bodies. Their life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Larvae feed on organic debris while adults are parasitic, feeding on host blood. Fleas can transmit diseases like plague, murine typhus, tularemia, and tapeworms between hosts.
The document discusses the order Apterygota within the class Insecta. It notes that Apterygota has 4 orders: Thysanura, Collembola, Protura, and Diplura. For each order, it provides key characteristics such as body structure, presence of eyes and antennae, mouthpart type, wing presence, abdominal segmentation, and reproductive features.
This document discusses the social behavior of ants in India. It describes 6 common species of Indian ants, including their sizes, lifespans, and characteristics. It discusses ant nest formation, the different castes (queens, workers, males), and the life cycle from egg to adult. It provides details on unique species like farmer ants that cultivate fungus gardens and honey collector ants that obtain nectar from caterpillars. In closing, it shares some interesting facts about ants' abilities and history.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
1. The document discusses various insect and vector-borne diseases, including their signs and symptoms as well as the insects that transmit them. Typhus, plague, malaria, dengue and yellow fever are discussed alongside their vector insects like body lice, fleas, mosquitoes and ticks.
2. Cockroaches are described as carriers of diseases like salmonella and triggers of allergies. Bed bugs cause itchy welts but don't transmit disease.
3. Various mosquito genera like Culex, Aedes and Anopheles transmit diseases. Anopheles culicifacies is an important malaria vector in India.
Sandflies are small, hairy insects that are vectors of diseases like leishmaniasis. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are nocturnal and breed in moist, organic-rich areas near dwellings. Their bite can transmit parasites and is painful. Control involves removing breeding sites, spraying insecticides, and using protective measures for people.
Kissing bugs, also known as triatomine bugs, are nocturnal insects that feed on vertebrate blood and transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chagas disease. They belong to the subfamily Triatominae in the order Hemiptera. Kissing bugs are attracted to light and often bite sleeping victims on the face, hence their name. They lay eggs which hatch into nymphs that molt five times to become adults. Kissing bugs transmit Chagas disease through contamination of the bite wound with their feces.
This document provides information on the classification, morphology, and life cycles of several fly species. It begins with the classification of flies within the kingdom Animalia. It then describes the general structure of flies, including their segmented body plan and wing and leg structures. The document discusses the life cycles of several fly species in separate sections, including house flies, sand flies, black flies, horse flies, and tsetse flies. It notes key details about the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. The document also covers disease transmission and control methods for some fly species.
Ticks and mites are acarine vectors that can transmit diseases like scrub typhus and relapsing fever. They have life cycles involving egg, larval, nymph and adult stages. Mites are prevalent in hot, humid climates with thick vegetation and small vertebrate hosts, while ticks can be found in both rural and domestic settings. Control involves treating habitats with insecticides, managing vegetation, protecting individuals, and reducing rodent reservoirs.
1. Flies are important vectors of human disease and include blackflies, midges, tabanids, tsetse flies, sand flies, and house flies.
2. Blackflies breed near fast moving water and can transmit filarial worms. Tabanids are large biting flies that can mechanically transmit anthrax and tularemia.
3. Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Sand flies spread leishmaniasis. House flies can mechanically transmit enteric diseases.
The document discusses the excretory system of insects. It begins by defining excretion as the removal of metabolic waste from cells, while defecation is the passing of undigested food. Aquatic insects excrete directly into water, while terrestrial insects conserve water by producing concentrated waste. The main organs of excretion are the Malpighian tubules and hindgut. The Malpighian tubules filter waste from the hemolymph and produce primary urine. The hindgut, especially the rectum, then selectively reabsorbs water and ions while eliminating other wastes like nitrogenous compounds in the form of uric acid. This allows for efficient water conservation in terrestrial insects.
The circulatory system of insects is open and consists of hemolymph that bathes the organs rather than being contained in vessels. The main circulatory organ is the dorsal vessel, a tube located along the midline that functions like a heart to circulate the hemolymph. Hemolymph carries nutrients and wastes but does not transport oxygen. Accessory pulsatile organs help circulate hemolymph to appendages and tissues.
This document discusses several major insect pests that damage fruits in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on insects and then discusses six key pests in detail: 1) fruit flies, which lay eggs inside fruits and whose larvae feed on the flesh, causing economic losses; 2) the lemon butterfly, whose caterpillar larvae feed on citrus leaves; 3) aphids, which suck sap from plants and reduce yields; 4) red scales, an armored scale insect that sucks sap and can cause tree death; 5) mango hoppers, which feed on mango flowers, leaves, and fruits, stunting growth; and 6) the banana weevil, whose grub larvae bore into banana plants and rhizomes,
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATIONS IN ANIMALS
COCKROACH
The slide contain about-
1. Classification of cockroach
2. Feature of cockroach
3. Morphology- Head , Thorax , Abdomen
4. Difference between male and female cockroach
5. Anatomy- Digestive system, Blood vascular system, Respiratory system , Excretion , Nervous system , Reproductive system , Questions with answers
The document provides information about the tsetse fly. It discusses the scientific classification of the tsetse fly, its life cycle involving viviparity, and its role as a vector for African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. Prevention methods include wearing protective clothing, inspecting vehicles, and avoiding bushes. Control involves land clearing, pesticide use, sterile insect techniques, and drug treatments depending on the disease stage.
This document provides information on the key distinguishing characteristics of different insect orders, including their names, etymologies, antennae, mouthparts, wings, legs and other features. It covers 32 major orders of insects, from Thysanura to Hymenoptera, with 1-4 defining bullet points per order.
Here I would like to introduce the house fly term paper presentation in sequel to my old term papers. I hope it will enhance your understanding on the urban pest House fly
This presentation gives a detailed insight into spiders, including what they are, how they live, how they hunt, how they defend themselves etc. Please do enjoy!
Fleas can kill pets through blood loss from heavy infestations, especially in elderly or young animals. While current flea products are effective, many pet owners remain unaware of the dangers fleas pose. The flea life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Breaking the cycle in multiple places provides the best control and prevents resistance. Owners should change products periodically and use sterilizing agents to avoid resistance developing in flea populations.
Fleas can kill pets through blood loss from heavy infestations, especially in elderly or young animals. While current flea products are effective, many pet owners remain unaware of the dangers fleas pose. The flea life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Breaking the cycle in multiple places provides the best control and prevents resistance. Owners should change products periodically and use sterilizing products to avoid resistance developing in flea populations.
The document discusses the order Apterygota within the class Insecta. It notes that Apterygota has 4 orders: Thysanura, Collembola, Protura, and Diplura. For each order, it provides key characteristics such as body structure, presence of eyes and antennae, mouthpart type, wing presence, abdominal segmentation, and reproductive features.
This document discusses the social behavior of ants in India. It describes 6 common species of Indian ants, including their sizes, lifespans, and characteristics. It discusses ant nest formation, the different castes (queens, workers, males), and the life cycle from egg to adult. It provides details on unique species like farmer ants that cultivate fungus gardens and honey collector ants that obtain nectar from caterpillars. In closing, it shares some interesting facts about ants' abilities and history.
Termites live in complex colonies found in regions around the world. They communicate chemically through pheromones and live in castes that work cooperatively. The colonies contain a king and queen that lay eggs, supplementary royalty, wingless workers that build and maintain the nest, soldiers that defend the colony, and proboscideans that have elongated heads. Termites digest wood and plant material with the help of symbiotic protozoa.
1. The document discusses various insect and vector-borne diseases, including their signs and symptoms as well as the insects that transmit them. Typhus, plague, malaria, dengue and yellow fever are discussed alongside their vector insects like body lice, fleas, mosquitoes and ticks.
2. Cockroaches are described as carriers of diseases like salmonella and triggers of allergies. Bed bugs cause itchy welts but don't transmit disease.
3. Various mosquito genera like Culex, Aedes and Anopheles transmit diseases. Anopheles culicifacies is an important malaria vector in India.
Sandflies are small, hairy insects that are vectors of diseases like leishmaniasis. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are nocturnal and breed in moist, organic-rich areas near dwellings. Their bite can transmit parasites and is painful. Control involves removing breeding sites, spraying insecticides, and using protective measures for people.
Kissing bugs, also known as triatomine bugs, are nocturnal insects that feed on vertebrate blood and transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chagas disease. They belong to the subfamily Triatominae in the order Hemiptera. Kissing bugs are attracted to light and often bite sleeping victims on the face, hence their name. They lay eggs which hatch into nymphs that molt five times to become adults. Kissing bugs transmit Chagas disease through contamination of the bite wound with their feces.
This document provides information on the classification, morphology, and life cycles of several fly species. It begins with the classification of flies within the kingdom Animalia. It then describes the general structure of flies, including their segmented body plan and wing and leg structures. The document discusses the life cycles of several fly species in separate sections, including house flies, sand flies, black flies, horse flies, and tsetse flies. It notes key details about the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. The document also covers disease transmission and control methods for some fly species.
Ticks and mites are acarine vectors that can transmit diseases like scrub typhus and relapsing fever. They have life cycles involving egg, larval, nymph and adult stages. Mites are prevalent in hot, humid climates with thick vegetation and small vertebrate hosts, while ticks can be found in both rural and domestic settings. Control involves treating habitats with insecticides, managing vegetation, protecting individuals, and reducing rodent reservoirs.
1. Flies are important vectors of human disease and include blackflies, midges, tabanids, tsetse flies, sand flies, and house flies.
2. Blackflies breed near fast moving water and can transmit filarial worms. Tabanids are large biting flies that can mechanically transmit anthrax and tularemia.
3. Tsetse flies transmit trypanosomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Sand flies spread leishmaniasis. House flies can mechanically transmit enteric diseases.
The document discusses the excretory system of insects. It begins by defining excretion as the removal of metabolic waste from cells, while defecation is the passing of undigested food. Aquatic insects excrete directly into water, while terrestrial insects conserve water by producing concentrated waste. The main organs of excretion are the Malpighian tubules and hindgut. The Malpighian tubules filter waste from the hemolymph and produce primary urine. The hindgut, especially the rectum, then selectively reabsorbs water and ions while eliminating other wastes like nitrogenous compounds in the form of uric acid. This allows for efficient water conservation in terrestrial insects.
The circulatory system of insects is open and consists of hemolymph that bathes the organs rather than being contained in vessels. The main circulatory organ is the dorsal vessel, a tube located along the midline that functions like a heart to circulate the hemolymph. Hemolymph carries nutrients and wastes but does not transport oxygen. Accessory pulsatile organs help circulate hemolymph to appendages and tissues.
This document discusses several major insect pests that damage fruits in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on insects and then discusses six key pests in detail: 1) fruit flies, which lay eggs inside fruits and whose larvae feed on the flesh, causing economic losses; 2) the lemon butterfly, whose caterpillar larvae feed on citrus leaves; 3) aphids, which suck sap from plants and reduce yields; 4) red scales, an armored scale insect that sucks sap and can cause tree death; 5) mango hoppers, which feed on mango flowers, leaves, and fruits, stunting growth; and 6) the banana weevil, whose grub larvae bore into banana plants and rhizomes,
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATIONS IN ANIMALS
COCKROACH
The slide contain about-
1. Classification of cockroach
2. Feature of cockroach
3. Morphology- Head , Thorax , Abdomen
4. Difference between male and female cockroach
5. Anatomy- Digestive system, Blood vascular system, Respiratory system , Excretion , Nervous system , Reproductive system , Questions with answers
The document provides information about the tsetse fly. It discusses the scientific classification of the tsetse fly, its life cycle involving viviparity, and its role as a vector for African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. Prevention methods include wearing protective clothing, inspecting vehicles, and avoiding bushes. Control involves land clearing, pesticide use, sterile insect techniques, and drug treatments depending on the disease stage.
This document provides information on the key distinguishing characteristics of different insect orders, including their names, etymologies, antennae, mouthparts, wings, legs and other features. It covers 32 major orders of insects, from Thysanura to Hymenoptera, with 1-4 defining bullet points per order.
Here I would like to introduce the house fly term paper presentation in sequel to my old term papers. I hope it will enhance your understanding on the urban pest House fly
This presentation gives a detailed insight into spiders, including what they are, how they live, how they hunt, how they defend themselves etc. Please do enjoy!
Fleas can kill pets through blood loss from heavy infestations, especially in elderly or young animals. While current flea products are effective, many pet owners remain unaware of the dangers fleas pose. The flea life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Breaking the cycle in multiple places provides the best control and prevents resistance. Owners should change products periodically and use sterilizing agents to avoid resistance developing in flea populations.
Fleas can kill pets through blood loss from heavy infestations, especially in elderly or young animals. While current flea products are effective, many pet owners remain unaware of the dangers fleas pose. The flea life cycle involves eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages. Breaking the cycle in multiple places provides the best control and prevents resistance. Owners should change products periodically and use sterilizing products to avoid resistance developing in flea populations.
It's a very important topic on Environmental Hygiene and its a part of Community Health Nursing. Here is brief description on Arthropod. Its specially for Nursing Students.
Cockroaches are highly adaptive insects that can survive on many food sources and in varied environments. There are over 4,600 cockroach species, but only 30 share habitats with humans, with the German, American, Australian, and Oriental cockroaches being the most common pest species. Effective cockroach control requires preventing access to food, water, and shelter as well as regular cleaning and maintenance to deny habitats. Monitoring with traps helps locate infestations and track treatment effectiveness. A combination of residual sprays, non-residual sprays, dusts, and baits applied according to label instructions can help control cockroaches, with baits being particularly effective as they allow slow ingestion of poison. Seeking
Course COCKROACHES What You Need To Know.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about various cockroach species, their life cycles, habitats, and control methods. It discusses the identifying characteristics, egg laying habits, and preferred environments of common cockroach types like the German, Brownbanded, and Oriental cockroaches. Detection methods like trapping and visual inspections are outlined. Thorough sanitation, exclusion of entry points, and application of insecticides via baits, sprays or dusts to hiding places are recommended for effective control, with an emphasis on targeting each cockroach species' behaviors and needs.
The document provides information about bed bugs, including:
- Bed bugs are true bugs in the order Hemiptera that feed on animal blood through a piercing proboscis.
- They likely originated from bugs that fed on bats in caves and adapted to feeding on humans.
- Various historical methods were used to control bed bugs, including pesticides, boiling water, and fumigation.
- Bed bugs were essentially eradicated in the 1940s-50s due to DDT but have resurged in recent decades, possibly due to increased travel and resistance to pesticides.
The document provides information on the life cycles of several common parasites and pests, including mosquitoes, cockroaches, lice, roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides), hookworm, and rats. It describes the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages for each organism and notes key details about development times, habitats, and transmission methods.
This document provides information about cockroaches, including their physical characteristics, life cycle, habitats, and control methods. It describes several common cockroach species found in homes (German, Brownbanded, Oriental) and discusses their egg laying habits and preferred environments. Detection of infestations involves thorough inspections and use of traps. Sanitation is key to control, including removing food/water sources. Chemical control options include sprays, dusts, baits, and insect growth regulators, with an emphasis on crack/crevice treatments. Integrated pest management using sanitation, exclusion and multiple treatments is recommended.
COCKROACHES What You Need to Know (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information about cockroaches, including their physical characteristics, life cycle, habitats, and common species that infest homes. It discusses how cockroaches can be detected through thorough inspections and monitoring traps. Effective control requires an integrated approach of sanitation, exclusion, and targeted chemical treatments, as cockroaches are difficult to eliminate with a single treatment due to their habit of hiding in cracks and their egg capsules surviving treatments. Control products include baits, dusts, and sprays that should be applied in hiding places using crack and crevice methods.
This document provides information about various cockroach species. It discusses their physical characteristics, life cycles, habitats, and importance as household pests. Control methods mentioned include sanitation, monitoring with traps, and targeted applications of baits, dusts or sprays in cracks and crevices where cockroaches hide. Effective control requires an integrated approach combining chemical treatments with exclusion and eliminating food/water sources.
Understanding Mosquitos- Lawn Care
There are over 3,000 different species of mosquitoes throughout the world; currently 176species are recognized in the United States, roughly 50 species of mosquitoes in our region and at least 28 bite humans.
This document summarizes several arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens. It discusses the pubic louse, bed bug, kissing bugs, fleas, mosquitoes, black flies, deer flies and horse flies. Key vectors mentioned include the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) for plague, Culex mosquitoes for filariasis, Aedes aegypti for yellow fever and dengue, and Anopheles mosquitoes for malaria. Control of vectors focuses on sanitation, removal of breeding sites, and use of insecticides.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
Rodents like rats and mice can carry diseases that pose health risks to humans. They can spread hantavirus through their urine and droppings, which can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Exposure occurs through inhalation. Rodents also pose the risk of leptospirosis and rat bite fever through contact with their urine or bites/scratches. Fleas that feed on infected rodents can transmit typhus and plague to humans through their bites. Controlling rodents and thoroughly cleaning and sanitizing areas they inhabited are important to prevent disease transmission.
Just as we, humans have some people in our lives who are rabble-rousers, similarly fleas and ticks are the biggest trouble makers in your pet’s life. Though we might not get answers at handy to know how to deal with those people, but at least it’s easier to have answers related to fleas and ticks in your pet’s life.
Course Rodent Biology, Health and Disease (1).pdfNanetteLaunius
This document summarizes rodent biology and health concerns related to rodent infestations. It discusses the most common commensal rodent pests, rats and mice, including differences in appearance, reproduction rates, and behaviors. Key points covered include how rodents can spread diseases like hantavirus and leptospirosis through their urine and feces. Fleas that feed on infected rodents can also transmit diseases like typhus and plague to humans. Effective control requires removing food sources, sealing entry points, trapping rodents, and thorough cleaning to remove allergens and prevent disease transmission.
Course Rodent Biology, Health and Disease.pptxNanetteLaunius
This document summarizes rodent biology and health concerns related to rodent infestations. It discusses the most common commensal rodent species, including rats and mice, and their characteristics. It also outlines various diseases that can be spread from rodents to humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, and rat bite fever. Secondary pests like fleas that can spread typhus and plague are also mentioned. The document stresses the importance of thorough sanitation and rodent control to prevent disease transmission when dealing with rodent infestations.
Course Rodent Biology, Health and Disease (1).pptxPestCEUs1
This document summarizes rodent biology and health concerns related to rodent infestations. It discusses the most common commensal rodent species, including rats and mice, and their characteristics. It also outlines several diseases that can be spread from rodents to humans, such as hantavirus, leptospirosis, and rat bite fever. Secondary pests like fleas that can spread typhus and plague are also mentioned. Control methods focus on trapping rodents, sanitizing areas, and excluding entry points to homes to prevent disease transmission.
Ectoparasites include lice, flies, fleas, scabies mites, and ticks that live outside the human body. There are three main types of lice - head lice, body lice, and crab lice - that feed on human blood and are transmitted through close personal contact or sharing personal items. Flies can spread disease as they pick up pathogens while crawling and feeding on human food and waste, then transfering germs wherever they land. Scabies is caused by a burrowing mite transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Ticks go through life stages of egg, larva, nymph, and adult, with females laying thousands of eggs after feeding and the cycle
Botflies lay their eggs on other insects that come into contact with hosts. The eggs hatch and the larvae burrow into the host's skin, causing painful bumps. They breathe through spiracles and feed on tissue exudates. After several weeks, the larvae exit the host and pupate in the soil. The human bot fly Dermatobia hominis causes a common type of myiasis in parts of Central and South America by infecting humans and other mammals.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
2. Fleas are highly specialized bloodsucking
parasites belonging to the order of insects
called Siphonaptera, which means "wingless
siphon“
The Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis),
also known as the tropical rat flea, is a
parasite of rodents, primarily of the genus
Rattus, and is a primary vector for bubonic
plague and murine typhus. This occurs when
the flea has fed on an infected rodent and
bites a human, although this flea can live on
any warm blooded mammal.
3. Fleas are light brown to mahogany in colour and
roughly oval shaped. Their laterally flattened
appearance enables them to quickly move
through the host's hair. The adults are entirely
covered with a series of bristles and combs that
assists them in clinging to the host.
4. The small head is equipped with sawing and
sucking mouthparts, and two tiny simple
eyes.
5. To aid in the detection of a host, fleas
possess two short antennae on the head that
are sensitive to stimuli including heat,
vibration, traces of carbon dioxide and
change in air currents and shadows. The hind
pair of legs that are well developed for
jumping enable fleas to be propelled 10-
30cms, either to make contact with a host or
avoid a threatening situation.
6. Both female and males
fleas rely on blood for
their nutrition, but can
survive for several
months without it.
When a flea blood
feeds, it will crouch low
to penetrate the host's
tissue with a sawing
motion of the
mouthparts.
7. A small amount of anti-coagulant is injected
with the saliva, to permit easy siphoning of
the blood. Fleas Flea larva will bite only
accessible parts of the body and clustered
bites on the lower limbs are diagnostic.
Blood feeding maybe interrupted, and fleas
will often probe several times before
repletion which can increase their total body
weight by 30%.
8. Each female flea uses her blood to nourish
developing eggs, and will deposit up to 4 eggs
after each blood meal; most females will lay at
least 100 eggs within a life cycle of several
months.
The eggs are oval, white to cream in color and
measure 0.5mm in length; they can hatch within 1
week, but this will be dependent on prevailing
conditions as larvae are extremely sensitive to
desiccation.
9.
10. When the maggot-like larvae
emerge, they are sparsely covered
in hair and have no legs but are
capable of moving rapidly in search
of food, which consists mainly of
skin scales or undigested blood
excreted by the adults.
11. Within a 1-3 week period, the larvae will
grow and undergo 4 moults prior to pupating
in a silken cocoon which they spin. The adult
fleas emerge from the pupal case in 1-2
weeks but can remain dormant in their
cocoons for several months depending on the
availability of food and conditions. Often the
emergence of adults from the pupal stage is
triggered by vibrations, which occasionally
happens on entering an unoccupied home of
previous pet owners.
12. Some fleas can attack a range of hosts, and
their ability to transfer from one host to
another allows for the possible transfer of
pathogens including viral, bacterial and
parasitic diseases. The only flea-borne
disease that currently occur within Australia
is murine typhus; this is transmitted from
rats to humans by particular rat fleas,
Xenopsylla cheopis, and although it has been
widespread, it is uncommon.
13. The continual biting activity of fleas alone
causes a great deal of irritation and distress to
humans, especially during flea plagues.
Reactions to the flea's saliva are often delayed,
with the formation of a wheal surrounding each
puncture site within 5-30 minutes of the bite,
accompanied by intense itching. Within 12-24
hours each wheal may progress to a small lesion
or vesicle.
The onset of symptoms in sensitized individuals
often develops much later, and the initial
reaction may become apparent only after 12-24
hours. Fleas are the major cause of papular
urticaria, particularly on the legs of children,
and continual scratching may lead to secondary
infections.
14. Plague is a disease that affects humans and
other mammals. It is caused by the
bacterium, Yersinia pestis. Humans usually
get plague after being bitten by a rodent
flea that is carrying the plague bacterium
or by handling an animal infected with
plague.
15. With the increase in carpeted homes, central
heating and number of household pets, flea
control is a continuing problem for pest
controllers and pet owners.
The prolonged periods of warm, humid
weather in the summer months provide ideal
conditions for fleas to flourish.
16. Regular vacuuming of floors and washing of
pets and bedding with an insecticidal
preparation will aid in control.
Typically, concentrations of the immature
stages of fleas (eggs and larvae) will be
found in areas where pets feed and rest, and
control measures should be targeted at any
such areas, in addition to their housing,
basket, blankets and the pets themselves.
Continual reinfestation of fleas in homes may
indicate the source has not been detected
and may require intervention by a reputable
pest controller.
17. Newer products with
insect growth regulators
are (e.g. in aerosol
"bombs") are readily
available in
supermarkets provide
an economical means of
eradication by
fumigation of a home,
but they should only be
used as directed.