Background- Enterocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by Enterococcus species, which have inhibitory activity on closely
related genera. Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a pivotal organism to initiate dental caries ensuing, serious
impairment to structure and functions of tooth beside the mental health of humans. Hence we investigated the possibility of using
enterocins in caries treatment and prophylaxis.
Methods- S. mutans was isolated from the saliva of 50 caries-prone humans. Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from the stool
samples of humans. The species identity of the isolated organisms was confirmed using conventional biochemical methods. The
inhibitory activity of enterocins on S. mutans isolates and their active concentrations was identified by spot-on-lawn assay.
Inhibitory activity of 3 enterocins on their target S. mutans isolates were further analyzed by time-kill assay and colony forming
units (CFU)/ml over 0, 4, 8 and 12 h time interval was determined.
Results- Enterocins produced by three E. faecalis isolates demonstrated inhibitory activity on more than 75% of S. mutans isolates.
Enterocins SF101, enterocin SF118 and enterocin PF98 showed 100% inhibition of their target S. mutans at 1:2, 1:4, and undiluted
concentrations. The viable count of enterocin treated S. mutans isolates declined to mean log10 CFU/ml of 4.92 after 12 h time
interval while the untreated control showed the increase to 9.11.
Conclusion- Enterocins exerts bactericidal activity against S. mutans, thus validating the possibility of enterocin to be used for
caries treatment and prophylaxis.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. seed ...Innspub Net
In this study, the antibacterial activities of Salicornia herbacea L. seed extract against two gram-negative and two gram- positive bacteria were evaluated with the agar disc diffusion and MIC methods. Result showed that inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 6.2±0.00, 4±0.00 and 3.5±0.10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Among four bacteria the maximum and minimum inhibition seed ethanolic extract were related to S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.5mm and MIC 189.5 mg/ml and E. coli with inhibition zones of 3.5 mm and MIC 420 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol seed extract of S. herbacea is the result of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, osmotic compound (betaine)
or synergic and additive effect of several compounds present in it. Our results suggest the possibility of using S. herbacea seed, which possesses strong antibacterial activity, in the treatment of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-6-march-2014/
Biochemical and molecular characterization of antagonistic bacteria against y...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Isolation, partial purification of proteins produced by lactobacillus biferme...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Isolation and characterization of coprophilous cellulolytic fungi from asian ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized coprophilous (dung-loving) cellulolytic fungi from Asian elephant dung in Malaysia. Eight new fungi were isolated from elephant dung samples collected from a forest reserve, identified morphologically and through molecular analysis, and had their DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. Two isolates, Trichoderma aureoviride and Fusarium equiseti, showed potential for cellulase production when tested on carboxymethyl cellulose. The study suggests that natural environments like elephant dung harbor cellulolytic fungi that could provide cheaper cellulase enzymes for applications like biofuel production.
Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Sensitivity to Ocimum Gratissimu...ijtsrd
In this study, clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was subjected to susceptibility tests against commercially available antibiotics and Ocimum gratissimum scent leaf leaf extracts. disc diffusion nmethod was adopted for the antibiotics test while agar well diffusion technique was employed for the antimicrobial screening of the leaf extracts. The result shows that the organism was sensitive to Gentamycin, Zinnacef, Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin representing 40 of the antibiotics while showing outright resistance to Ampiclox, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin 30 and intermediate results for the rest. Also, the cold water extract of O. gratissimum did not show any activity against the bacterium. However, both hot water extract and ethanol extract of the plant had varying degree of activity against the organism with ethanol extract recording a zone of inhibition of 25.33 mm compared with 32.00 mm recorded for Gentamycin. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration recorded ofr the extract against the organism were 10 mg ml and 2.5 mg ml respectively for hot water and ethanol extracts. These results indicate that ethanol extract of O. gratissimum leaf is very effective against Staphylococcus aureus and could be used as potential source of natural product for the treatment of infections caused by the organism especially the antibiotic resistant strains. Komolafe T. O. | Ogunyankin O. G "Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Sensitivity to Ocimum Gratissimum Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46333.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/46333/antibiogram-of-staphylococcus-aureus-and-its-sensitivity-to-ocimum-gratissimum-extract/komolafe-t-o
Antifungal activity of psoralea corylifolia hairy root extract against sugarc...researchagriculture
Red rot disease is the major constraint for sugarcane production in India and the pathogen has gained virulence in recent years. About 33 % reduction in yield was observed and loss in sucrose and commercial cane sugar was estimated upto 32 to 50 % in average infections. The present investigation was carried out in sugarcane breeding institute, Coimbatore to study the effect of Psoralea corylifolia hairy root extract against high intensity Colletotrichum falcatum spore suspension (106 spores ml-1) causing red rot disease reaction in canes under Controlled Condition Treatment (CCT) Chamber. Nodal infection, green top, internodal discoloration and internal discoloration of the canes in CCT chamber were taken as the parameters for fixing the disease evaluation after 10 days of incubation. The results of CCT method authenticated the results obtained under laboratory conditions. The study revealed 100 per cent effectiveness of two per cent P. corylifolia hairy root extract over red rot pathogen infection when compared to canes treated only with spore suspension of C. falcatum.
Article Citation:
Rajkumar D and Murugesan R.
Antifungal Activity of Psoralea corylifolia Hairy Root Extract against Sugarcane Red Rot Pathogen under Controlled Condition Treatment Chamber.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(2): 173-179.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0047.pdf
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Spirulina platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi. The ethanol extract showed variable zones of inhibition against the isolates ranging from 9.5-16 mm for S. Typhi and 9.7-14 mm for S. Paratyphi. However, the chloroform extract did not show any inhibitory effect. While the zones of inhibition were smaller than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, this study provides promising evidence for developing a natural treatment for infections caused by these Salmonella serovars using S. platensis extracts.
Screening of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of extracts from epidermis ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that screened extracts from the epidermis and epidermal mucus of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Tinfoil barb fish) for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. The ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity against four bacterial pathogens, while the dichloromethane extract was active against three pathogens. The minimum cell viability in a cytotoxicity assay using mouse fibroblast cells was shown at an epidermal mucus concentration of 10 mg/ml. The results suggest that mucus and epidermal extracts from B. schwanenfeldii may be a potential source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens.
In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of Salicornia herbacea L. seed ...Innspub Net
In this study, the antibacterial activities of Salicornia herbacea L. seed extract against two gram-negative and two gram- positive bacteria were evaluated with the agar disc diffusion and MIC methods. Result showed that inhibition zones of 9.5±0.01, 6.2±0.00, 4±0.00 and 3.5±0.10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Among four bacteria the maximum and minimum inhibition seed ethanolic extract were related to S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.5mm and MIC 189.5 mg/ml and E. coli with inhibition zones of 3.5 mm and MIC 420 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol seed extract of S. herbacea is the result of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, osmotic compound (betaine)
or synergic and additive effect of several compounds present in it. Our results suggest the possibility of using S. herbacea seed, which possesses strong antibacterial activity, in the treatment of diseases caused by the microorganisms tested. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-6-march-2014/
Biochemical and molecular characterization of antagonistic bacteria against y...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Isolation, partial purification of proteins produced by lactobacillus biferme...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Isolation and characterization of coprophilous cellulolytic fungi from asian ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized coprophilous (dung-loving) cellulolytic fungi from Asian elephant dung in Malaysia. Eight new fungi were isolated from elephant dung samples collected from a forest reserve, identified morphologically and through molecular analysis, and had their DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. Two isolates, Trichoderma aureoviride and Fusarium equiseti, showed potential for cellulase production when tested on carboxymethyl cellulose. The study suggests that natural environments like elephant dung harbor cellulolytic fungi that could provide cheaper cellulase enzymes for applications like biofuel production.
Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Sensitivity to Ocimum Gratissimu...ijtsrd
In this study, clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was subjected to susceptibility tests against commercially available antibiotics and Ocimum gratissimum scent leaf leaf extracts. disc diffusion nmethod was adopted for the antibiotics test while agar well diffusion technique was employed for the antimicrobial screening of the leaf extracts. The result shows that the organism was sensitive to Gentamycin, Zinnacef, Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin representing 40 of the antibiotics while showing outright resistance to Ampiclox, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin 30 and intermediate results for the rest. Also, the cold water extract of O. gratissimum did not show any activity against the bacterium. However, both hot water extract and ethanol extract of the plant had varying degree of activity against the organism with ethanol extract recording a zone of inhibition of 25.33 mm compared with 32.00 mm recorded for Gentamycin. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration recorded ofr the extract against the organism were 10 mg ml and 2.5 mg ml respectively for hot water and ethanol extracts. These results indicate that ethanol extract of O. gratissimum leaf is very effective against Staphylococcus aureus and could be used as potential source of natural product for the treatment of infections caused by the organism especially the antibiotic resistant strains. Komolafe T. O. | Ogunyankin O. G "Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Sensitivity to Ocimum Gratissimum Extract" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46333.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/46333/antibiogram-of-staphylococcus-aureus-and-its-sensitivity-to-ocimum-gratissimum-extract/komolafe-t-o
Antifungal activity of psoralea corylifolia hairy root extract against sugarc...researchagriculture
Red rot disease is the major constraint for sugarcane production in India and the pathogen has gained virulence in recent years. About 33 % reduction in yield was observed and loss in sucrose and commercial cane sugar was estimated upto 32 to 50 % in average infections. The present investigation was carried out in sugarcane breeding institute, Coimbatore to study the effect of Psoralea corylifolia hairy root extract against high intensity Colletotrichum falcatum spore suspension (106 spores ml-1) causing red rot disease reaction in canes under Controlled Condition Treatment (CCT) Chamber. Nodal infection, green top, internodal discoloration and internal discoloration of the canes in CCT chamber were taken as the parameters for fixing the disease evaluation after 10 days of incubation. The results of CCT method authenticated the results obtained under laboratory conditions. The study revealed 100 per cent effectiveness of two per cent P. corylifolia hairy root extract over red rot pathogen infection when compared to canes treated only with spore suspension of C. falcatum.
Article Citation:
Rajkumar D and Murugesan R.
Antifungal Activity of Psoralea corylifolia Hairy Root Extract against Sugarcane Red Rot Pathogen under Controlled Condition Treatment Chamber.
Journal of Research in Agriculture (2013) 2(2): 173-179.
Full Text:
http://www.jagri.info/documents/AG0047.pdf
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Spirulina platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi. The ethanol extract showed variable zones of inhibition against the isolates ranging from 9.5-16 mm for S. Typhi and 9.7-14 mm for S. Paratyphi. However, the chloroform extract did not show any inhibitory effect. While the zones of inhibition were smaller than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, this study provides promising evidence for developing a natural treatment for infections caused by these Salmonella serovars using S. platensis extracts.
Screening of antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of extracts from epidermis ...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study that screened extracts from the epidermis and epidermal mucus of Barbonymus schwanenfeldii (Tinfoil barb fish) for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. The ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity against four bacterial pathogens, while the dichloromethane extract was active against three pathogens. The minimum cell viability in a cytotoxicity assay using mouse fibroblast cells was shown at an epidermal mucus concentration of 10 mg/ml. The results suggest that mucus and epidermal extracts from B. schwanenfeldii may be a potential source of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens.
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.5
ABSTRACT- Small Cardamom (Elettariacardamomum L. Maton) is one of the major spice crops of India, which were
the world’s largest producer and exporter of cardamom till 1980. There has however been a reduction in production,
mainly because of Katte disease, caused by cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) a potyvirus. Viral diseases can be managed
effectively by early diagnosis using serological methods. In the present investigation, CdMV isolates were sampled from
Mudigere, Karnataka, ultra purified, and electron micro graphed for confirmation. Polyclonal antibodies were raised
against the virus and a direct antigen coating plate Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA) and Dot-ELISA
(DIBA) standardized to detect the virus in diseased and tissue cultured plants. Early diagnosis in planting material will aid
in using disease free material for better yields and hence increased profit to the farmer. Key-words- Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV), Electron microscopy, Direct antigen coating Enzyme linked
immunosorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA), Dot-ELISA (DIBA)
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of neem extract against 13 microbial pathogens of animal origin, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Results showed that neem extract had greater antibacterial activity at lower concentrations of 10-50% compared to higher concentrations. Diluted neem extract was more effective against gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting the growth of several species. Neem extract significantly reduced bacterial counts in ground beef and inhibited the growth of E. coli O157 inoculated in ground meat. The study concluded that neem extract has potent antimicrobial properties at low concentrations and can decrease microbial contamination in foods.
ABSTRACT- Background: Declining trend in semen quality is receiving attention worldwide. The aim of the study to investigate the role of lifestyle factors with respect to semen quality.
Methods: Semen samples were collected from 351 male partners attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at civil hospital and IKD hospital, Ahmedabad, India. They were subjected to assess the quality of semen according to WHO criteria and semen quality were analyzed with respect to self reported history of tobacco smoking and/or chewing and alcohol consumption as lifestyle factors.
Results: The result revealed that sperm count was lower in subjects with habit of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol consumption as compared to subjects without such habits and decline was found statistically significant among smokers. Total progressive motility and normal morphology percentage was significantly decreased in tobacco chewers compared to non-chewers. Further analysis of data with respect to alcohol consumption indicated non-significantly lower total progressive motility and normal sperm morphology percentage as compared to subjects with no such habit.
Conclusion: The data obtained suggested, the role of lifestyle factors especially tobacco smoking and chewing in declining semen quality.
Key-words- Semen quality, Tobacco, Alcohol, Lifestyle, Sperm motility, Smoking
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Asparagus Racemosus Willd–A Medici...IJSTA
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus Willd, a medicinal plant, against various bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts were obtained from the plant's leaves using solvents like petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of these extracts was tested on gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas), and the yeast Candida utilis using an agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The study supports the traditional use of the whole plant as a
Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of the plant extracts of Elytrar...IJERA Editor
Antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of the Elytraria acaulis a stem less perennial herb of Acantheceae family has been carried out in the present study. Extracts of the aerial parts of the plant (Stem & Leaves) were prepared in different organic solvents such as n-Hexane, Ethanol, Methanol and Ethyl acetate. All the extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial properties against various pathogenic bacterial infections (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Species, and Salmonella Typhi). Amongst all the extracts, methanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. The crude methanol extracts of leaves showed good inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence further studies on this plant will enable elucidation of its therapeutic properties and medicinal applications.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.7
ABSTRACT- Most of the Euphorbian plants secrete fluid which contain a proteolytic enzyme for defensive role against
insects, pests and hence eco physiological inheritance to sustain vegetation eventually in adverse environmental
conditions. Evaluation has been carried out on twenty five Euphorbian garden plants for their proteolytic activities using
casein as a substrate. Out of these, Euphorbia nerifolia, Euphorbia milli, Euphorbia tirucalli, Euphorbia lactea,
Synadenium granti, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia nivulia, Euphorbia antiquoram, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Euphorbia
viguieri, E. heterophylla and E. leucocephala are the good enzyme source. Moderate activity found in Jatropha
integerrima, Jatropha multifida, Jatropha podagrica, Euphorbia pulcherrima, and Dalechampia scandens. While
different tissues of Acalypha hispida, Acalypha wilkesiana, Breynia nivosa, Cicca acida, Codiaeum variegatum, Drypetes
roxburghii are devoid of proteolytic activity. This paper describes in detail about name of plants, habitat and presence of
proteolytic enzyme in them. Results show that the out of twenty five plants 50% plant tissue synthesize protease in
appreciable amount, while 10% are not able to produce it. However 40% plants demonstrate only detectable amount of
protease. A comparative account of proteolytic activity reveals some promising plants good source of enzyme. Some
plants produce combination of cysteine and serine proteases. A single plant i.e. Euphorbia nerifolia latex contains
cysteine, serine, metallo-protease and aspartic proteases. In turn, these proteases may be used in various industrial uses in
general and cheese production Key-words- Garden Euphorb iiann a p plaarnttisc,u Clayr.s t e ine and serine protease, E. leucocephala, Euphorbia viguieri
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Antimicrobial activity of callistemon citrinusDeborah Bauer
This document reports on a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon salignus against various bacteria and fungi. The extracts showed inhibitory effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with gram-positive bacteria generally being more susceptible. C. citrinus flower extract inhibited the growth of 64% of bacteria tested and C. salignus flower extract inhibited 43% of bacteria tested. Time-kill assays demonstrated growth inhibition within 1 hour for some bacteria. The extracts displayed low toxicity in an Artemia franciscana toxicity assay. The results validate traditional Aboriginal use of these plants as antiseptic agents and confirm their medicinal potential.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Abrus precatorius in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Thirty-six mice were divided into six groups, with five groups infected with P. berghei and one uninfected control group. Starting seven days after infection, three infected groups were treated with 30, 50, or 100 mg/kg of the A. precatorius extract daily for five days, one group was treated with an antimalarial drug, and the final infected group received no treatment. Mice treated with the extract or drug had significantly lower parasitemia and parasite clearance compared to the untreated group. Histological analysis found regeneration of
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Acanthus Monta...ijtsrd
Objective An in vitro study was carried out to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus Acanthaceae leaves on the eggs and the third larval L3 stage of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Methods Four different concentrations of the extracts by serial dilution from 1,000 mg mL to 125 mg mL were compared with albendazole as the positive control serially diluted from the recommended dose of 15 mg mL to 1.875mg mL and distilled water serving as the negative control respectively, in the bioassay. The extract activity was dose dependent. Results At 250 mg mL, there was 100 inhibition of egg hatch comparable to albendazole at 7.5 mg mL. There was zero percent inhibition of eggs in the distilled water control culture. The activity of the extracts on the L3 larvae shows that at the concentration of 125 mg mL, the larvicidal effect was 100 , one hour post treatment compared to albendazole at 15 mg mL 97.51 . However, the negative control showed an increase in Larvicidal activity from 22.5 to 40 in one hour and fifteen hours respectively. Conclusion It was therefore, concluded that crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus leaf has significant ovicidal and larvicidal properties against Heligmosomoides bakeri egg and third larval stage. D. O. Oshadu | J. O. Ajanusi | P. N. Chiezey | M. S. Abubakar | M. Adamu | A. W. Adanu | G.A.I. Dogo "Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Acanthus Montanus (Acanthaceae) on Heligmosomoides Bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43719.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/veterinary-medicine/43719/ovicidal-and-larvicidal-effects-of-crude-ethanolic-extracts-of-acanthus-montanus-acanthaceae-on-heligmosomoides-bakeri-nematoda-heligmosomatidae/d-o-oshadu
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
This study assessed the immediate antimicrobial effect of miswak extract compared to toothbrush and saline on cariogenic bacteria. Thirty participants rinsed with miswak extract, brushed with toothbrush, or rinsed with saline, and saliva samples tested bacterial levels before and after. Miswak extract significantly reduced both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus compared to toothbrush and saline. Reduction of bacteria was greater in females than males for miswak extract. The study demonstrates the potential benefits of miswak extract for oral hygiene in reducing cariogenic bacteria.
Effect of different sampling locations on the antibacterial property of Cente...pharmaindexing
This study investigated the effect of sampling location on the antibacterial properties of Centella asiatica leaves. Centella asiatica samples were collected from urban and sub-urban areas and extracted using ethanol. The extracts were tested against four bacterial strains at different concentrations using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that urban Centella asiatica extracts had higher antibacterial activity than sub-urban extracts. Within urban extracts, the leaf extracts showed stronger activity against E. coli and B. subtilis than stem extracts. Overall, E. coli was the most susceptible bacterial strain, while S. aureus was the least susceptible. The study suggests that sampling location impacts the antibacterial activity of Centella asiatica
This study aimed to isolate and characterize novel pectinase-producing fungal strains for fruit juice clarification and extraction. Various substrates were tested for solid-state fermentation to produce pectinase enzymes. Orange peel proved the best substrate, yielding the highest pectinase activity of 0.76 IU/ml after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, 5ml inoculum volume, and pH 4. The isolated fungal strain and optimized fermentation conditions were used to clarify fruit juices and extract juice from pulp more efficiently.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies of uapaca togoensis (pax) s...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Antibacterial Activity of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) Leaf Extract.pdfRAKERNASPDGIXI
This study examined the antibacterial activity of water hyacinth leaf extract against bacterial plaque from gingivitis patients. Water hyacinth leaf extract was prepared using maceration in 70% ethanol and tested at concentrations from 100% to 0.78% against plaque bacteria cultured from gingivitis patients. The extract showed antibacterial activity starting at a concentration of 3.125%, inhibiting over 90% of bacterial colony growth. Statistical analysis confirmed the extract was effective at inhibiting plaque bacterial growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest water hyacinth leaf extract has potential as an antibacterial against plaque bacteria in gingivitis patients.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan as a root canal irrigant compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and saline. Teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis were irrigated with 0.5% chitosan, 3% NaOCl, or saline. Chitosan showed higher antimicrobial activity than saline but lower than NaOCl based on reduction in colony forming units. The study concluded that chitosan may be a natural alternative to NaOCl as a root canal irrigant but may require a higher concentration or longer application time inside root canals.
Antibacterial and Immuno Modulatory Roles of Ocimum Gratissimum in the Contro...ijtsrd
O. gratissimum is one of the leafy vegetables used by Nigerians as a food additive in preparing some local dishes. It has also been documented by some researchers to have some medicinal values. This research aimed at monitoring the immunomodulatory and antibacterial roles of Ocimum gratissimum ethanolic extract in the control of colibacillosis in broilers as a natural alternative to antibiotic therapy.1.5 ml 107 cfu ml E. coli O157 H7 isolated from nono sour milk and identified with 16s rDNA sequencing, was used to elicit colibacillosis infection in three weeks old broilers. Oral administration of the plant extract 40 g l to the infected birds over a 1 month period resulted in regulated haemoglobin, blood electrolytes, urea, creatinine, C reactive protein and liver enzyme values. Microbial counts in the intestine revealed a decrease in total E. coli count. Histopathology examination of the intestinal tissues revealed the activity of gut associated lymphoid tissue in immune response. O. gratissimum ethanolic extract can serve as a natural alternative to antibiotic therapy in the control of colibacillosis in broilers. Ikele, O. M. | Ezeonu, I. M. | Umeoduagu, N. D. "Antibacterial and Immuno-Modulatory Roles of Ocimum Gratissimum in the Control of E. coli O157:H7 Chicken Colibacillosis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/51930/antibacterial-and-immunomodulatory-roles-of-ocimum-gratissimum-in-the-control-of-e-coli-o157h7-chicken-colibacillosis/ikele-o-m
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from two mangrove plant species. Eleven actinomycete isolates were obtained from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris plants collected from Goa, India. In screening for antimicrobial activity, some isolates showed inhibition against test bacteria and fungi. Isolates RO7, RO11 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while RO9 showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects. In antioxidant analysis by DPPH radical scavenging, the ethyl acetate extracts of RO7, RO11, and RO9 demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging,
DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.5
ABSTRACT- Small Cardamom (Elettariacardamomum L. Maton) is one of the major spice crops of India, which were
the world’s largest producer and exporter of cardamom till 1980. There has however been a reduction in production,
mainly because of Katte disease, caused by cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) a potyvirus. Viral diseases can be managed
effectively by early diagnosis using serological methods. In the present investigation, CdMV isolates were sampled from
Mudigere, Karnataka, ultra purified, and electron micro graphed for confirmation. Polyclonal antibodies were raised
against the virus and a direct antigen coating plate Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA) and Dot-ELISA
(DIBA) standardized to detect the virus in diseased and tissue cultured plants. Early diagnosis in planting material will aid
in using disease free material for better yields and hence increased profit to the farmer. Key-words- Cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV), Electron microscopy, Direct antigen coating Enzyme linked
immunosorbent Assay (DAC-ELISA), Dot-ELISA (DIBA)
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of neem extract against 13 microbial pathogens of animal origin, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Results showed that neem extract had greater antibacterial activity at lower concentrations of 10-50% compared to higher concentrations. Diluted neem extract was more effective against gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting the growth of several species. Neem extract significantly reduced bacterial counts in ground beef and inhibited the growth of E. coli O157 inoculated in ground meat. The study concluded that neem extract has potent antimicrobial properties at low concentrations and can decrease microbial contamination in foods.
ABSTRACT- Background: Declining trend in semen quality is receiving attention worldwide. The aim of the study to investigate the role of lifestyle factors with respect to semen quality.
Methods: Semen samples were collected from 351 male partners attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at civil hospital and IKD hospital, Ahmedabad, India. They were subjected to assess the quality of semen according to WHO criteria and semen quality were analyzed with respect to self reported history of tobacco smoking and/or chewing and alcohol consumption as lifestyle factors.
Results: The result revealed that sperm count was lower in subjects with habit of tobacco smoking, chewing and alcohol consumption as compared to subjects without such habits and decline was found statistically significant among smokers. Total progressive motility and normal morphology percentage was significantly decreased in tobacco chewers compared to non-chewers. Further analysis of data with respect to alcohol consumption indicated non-significantly lower total progressive motility and normal sperm morphology percentage as compared to subjects with no such habit.
Conclusion: The data obtained suggested, the role of lifestyle factors especially tobacco smoking and chewing in declining semen quality.
Key-words- Semen quality, Tobacco, Alcohol, Lifestyle, Sperm motility, Smoking
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Asparagus Racemosus Willd–A Medici...IJSTA
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Asparagus racemosus Willd, a medicinal plant, against various bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts were obtained from the plant's leaves using solvents like petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of these extracts was tested on gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas), and the yeast Candida utilis using an agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The study supports the traditional use of the whole plant as a
Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of the plant extracts of Elytrar...IJERA Editor
Antimicrobial activity of the aerial parts of the Elytraria acaulis a stem less perennial herb of Acantheceae family has been carried out in the present study. Extracts of the aerial parts of the plant (Stem & Leaves) were prepared in different organic solvents such as n-Hexane, Ethanol, Methanol and Ethyl acetate. All the extracts were analyzed for antimicrobial properties against various pathogenic bacterial infections (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Species, and Salmonella Typhi). Amongst all the extracts, methanolic extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. The crude methanol extracts of leaves showed good inhibitory effects against pathogens. Hence further studies on this plant will enable elucidation of its therapeutic properties and medicinal applications.
DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.4.7
ABSTRACT- Most of the Euphorbian plants secrete fluid which contain a proteolytic enzyme for defensive role against
insects, pests and hence eco physiological inheritance to sustain vegetation eventually in adverse environmental
conditions. Evaluation has been carried out on twenty five Euphorbian garden plants for their proteolytic activities using
casein as a substrate. Out of these, Euphorbia nerifolia, Euphorbia milli, Euphorbia tirucalli, Euphorbia lactea,
Synadenium granti, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia nivulia, Euphorbia antiquoram, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Euphorbia
viguieri, E. heterophylla and E. leucocephala are the good enzyme source. Moderate activity found in Jatropha
integerrima, Jatropha multifida, Jatropha podagrica, Euphorbia pulcherrima, and Dalechampia scandens. While
different tissues of Acalypha hispida, Acalypha wilkesiana, Breynia nivosa, Cicca acida, Codiaeum variegatum, Drypetes
roxburghii are devoid of proteolytic activity. This paper describes in detail about name of plants, habitat and presence of
proteolytic enzyme in them. Results show that the out of twenty five plants 50% plant tissue synthesize protease in
appreciable amount, while 10% are not able to produce it. However 40% plants demonstrate only detectable amount of
protease. A comparative account of proteolytic activity reveals some promising plants good source of enzyme. Some
plants produce combination of cysteine and serine proteases. A single plant i.e. Euphorbia nerifolia latex contains
cysteine, serine, metallo-protease and aspartic proteases. In turn, these proteases may be used in various industrial uses in
general and cheese production Key-words- Garden Euphorb iiann a p plaarnttisc,u Clayr.s t e ine and serine protease, E. leucocephala, Euphorbia viguieri
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Antimicrobial activity of callistemon citrinusDeborah Bauer
This document reports on a study that investigated the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon salignus against various bacteria and fungi. The extracts showed inhibitory effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with gram-positive bacteria generally being more susceptible. C. citrinus flower extract inhibited the growth of 64% of bacteria tested and C. salignus flower extract inhibited 43% of bacteria tested. Time-kill assays demonstrated growth inhibition within 1 hour for some bacteria. The extracts displayed low toxicity in an Artemia franciscana toxicity assay. The results validate traditional Aboriginal use of these plants as antiseptic agents and confirm their medicinal potential.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic leaf extract of Abrus precatorius in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Thirty-six mice were divided into six groups, with five groups infected with P. berghei and one uninfected control group. Starting seven days after infection, three infected groups were treated with 30, 50, or 100 mg/kg of the A. precatorius extract daily for five days, one group was treated with an antimalarial drug, and the final infected group received no treatment. Mice treated with the extract or drug had significantly lower parasitemia and parasite clearance compared to the untreated group. Histological analysis found regeneration of
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Acanthus Monta...ijtsrd
Objective An in vitro study was carried out to determine the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus Acanthaceae leaves on the eggs and the third larval L3 stage of Heligmosomoides bakeri. Methods Four different concentrations of the extracts by serial dilution from 1,000 mg mL to 125 mg mL were compared with albendazole as the positive control serially diluted from the recommended dose of 15 mg mL to 1.875mg mL and distilled water serving as the negative control respectively, in the bioassay. The extract activity was dose dependent. Results At 250 mg mL, there was 100 inhibition of egg hatch comparable to albendazole at 7.5 mg mL. There was zero percent inhibition of eggs in the distilled water control culture. The activity of the extracts on the L3 larvae shows that at the concentration of 125 mg mL, the larvicidal effect was 100 , one hour post treatment compared to albendazole at 15 mg mL 97.51 . However, the negative control showed an increase in Larvicidal activity from 22.5 to 40 in one hour and fifteen hours respectively. Conclusion It was therefore, concluded that crude ethanolic extracts of Acanthus montanus leaf has significant ovicidal and larvicidal properties against Heligmosomoides bakeri egg and third larval stage. D. O. Oshadu | J. O. Ajanusi | P. N. Chiezey | M. S. Abubakar | M. Adamu | A. W. Adanu | G.A.I. Dogo "Ovicidal and Larvicidal Effects of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Acanthus Montanus (Acanthaceae) on Heligmosomoides Bakeri (Nematoda, Heligmosomatidae)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43719.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/veterinary-medicine/43719/ovicidal-and-larvicidal-effects-of-crude-ethanolic-extracts-of-acanthus-montanus-acanthaceae-on-heligmosomoides-bakeri-nematoda-heligmosomatidae/d-o-oshadu
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
This study assessed the immediate antimicrobial effect of miswak extract compared to toothbrush and saline on cariogenic bacteria. Thirty participants rinsed with miswak extract, brushed with toothbrush, or rinsed with saline, and saliva samples tested bacterial levels before and after. Miswak extract significantly reduced both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus compared to toothbrush and saline. Reduction of bacteria was greater in females than males for miswak extract. The study demonstrates the potential benefits of miswak extract for oral hygiene in reducing cariogenic bacteria.
Effect of different sampling locations on the antibacterial property of Cente...pharmaindexing
This study investigated the effect of sampling location on the antibacterial properties of Centella asiatica leaves. Centella asiatica samples were collected from urban and sub-urban areas and extracted using ethanol. The extracts were tested against four bacterial strains at different concentrations using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that urban Centella asiatica extracts had higher antibacterial activity than sub-urban extracts. Within urban extracts, the leaf extracts showed stronger activity against E. coli and B. subtilis than stem extracts. Overall, E. coli was the most susceptible bacterial strain, while S. aureus was the least susceptible. The study suggests that sampling location impacts the antibacterial activity of Centella asiatica
This study aimed to isolate and characterize novel pectinase-producing fungal strains for fruit juice clarification and extraction. Various substrates were tested for solid-state fermentation to produce pectinase enzymes. Orange peel proved the best substrate, yielding the highest pectinase activity of 0.76 IU/ml after 24 hours of incubation at 30°C, 5ml inoculum volume, and pH 4. The isolated fungal strain and optimized fermentation conditions were used to clarify fruit juices and extract juice from pulp more efficiently.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies of uapaca togoensis (pax) s...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Antibacterial Activity of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) Leaf Extract.pdfRAKERNASPDGIXI
This study examined the antibacterial activity of water hyacinth leaf extract against bacterial plaque from gingivitis patients. Water hyacinth leaf extract was prepared using maceration in 70% ethanol and tested at concentrations from 100% to 0.78% against plaque bacteria cultured from gingivitis patients. The extract showed antibacterial activity starting at a concentration of 3.125%, inhibiting over 90% of bacterial colony growth. Statistical analysis confirmed the extract was effective at inhibiting plaque bacterial growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest water hyacinth leaf extract has potential as an antibacterial against plaque bacteria in gingivitis patients.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan as a root canal irrigant compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and saline. Teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis were irrigated with 0.5% chitosan, 3% NaOCl, or saline. Chitosan showed higher antimicrobial activity than saline but lower than NaOCl based on reduction in colony forming units. The study concluded that chitosan may be a natural alternative to NaOCl as a root canal irrigant but may require a higher concentration or longer application time inside root canals.
Antibacterial and Immuno Modulatory Roles of Ocimum Gratissimum in the Contro...ijtsrd
O. gratissimum is one of the leafy vegetables used by Nigerians as a food additive in preparing some local dishes. It has also been documented by some researchers to have some medicinal values. This research aimed at monitoring the immunomodulatory and antibacterial roles of Ocimum gratissimum ethanolic extract in the control of colibacillosis in broilers as a natural alternative to antibiotic therapy.1.5 ml 107 cfu ml E. coli O157 H7 isolated from nono sour milk and identified with 16s rDNA sequencing, was used to elicit colibacillosis infection in three weeks old broilers. Oral administration of the plant extract 40 g l to the infected birds over a 1 month period resulted in regulated haemoglobin, blood electrolytes, urea, creatinine, C reactive protein and liver enzyme values. Microbial counts in the intestine revealed a decrease in total E. coli count. Histopathology examination of the intestinal tissues revealed the activity of gut associated lymphoid tissue in immune response. O. gratissimum ethanolic extract can serve as a natural alternative to antibiotic therapy in the control of colibacillosis in broilers. Ikele, O. M. | Ezeonu, I. M. | Umeoduagu, N. D. "Antibacterial and Immuno-Modulatory Roles of Ocimum Gratissimum in the Control of E. coli O157:H7 Chicken Colibacillosis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/51930/antibacterial-and-immunomodulatory-roles-of-ocimum-gratissimum-in-the-control-of-e-coli-o157h7-chicken-colibacillosis/ikele-o-m
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from two mangrove plant species. Eleven actinomycete isolates were obtained from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris plants collected from Goa, India. In screening for antimicrobial activity, some isolates showed inhibition against test bacteria and fungi. Isolates RO7, RO11 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while RO9 showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects. In antioxidant analysis by DPPH radical scavenging, the ethyl acetate extracts of RO7, RO11, and RO9 demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging,
ABSTRACT- Live microorganisms, have beneficial effects on their host’s health, are called as probiotics. There are various possible sources to isolate
these bacteria. In this studyp harmaceutical probiotic sachet is used as isolation source. The purpose of this study is to search the potentiality of
probiotic bacteria and investigate the probiotic properties of isolates.9 different samples of 3 brands of sachet were used for isolation of bacteria.
Isolates were examined according to their probiotic properties. The probiotic characteristics like pH and Bile tolerance, Antagonistic activity and
Antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacteria Such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum was done. Bile
Tolerance and pH tolerance was determined with the help of the help of coefficient of growth inhibition if their coefficient of growth inhibition is less
than 0.5 the organism was considered as the pH and Bile tolerance. The Strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium
bifidum show best result at the pH Acidic to Neutral (5 to 7) and show a bile tolerance from 1-4 % bile. All the isolated bacteria show
the maximum inhibition against Staphyloccocus aureus and minimum against Salmonella typhi by Lactobacillus Strains but Bifidobacterium show
minimum against Escheria coli. Most isolates show resistance toward antibiotics. From this study it can be concluded that pharmaceutical probiotic
products used in the study were showing satisfactory quality and potential probiotic strain.
Key words- Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Sachet
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence by Some Indonesian Medicinal ...UniversitasGadjahMada
This study aims to discover quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) from some Indonesian medicinal plants ethanol extract to analyze their inhibitory activities against QS-mediated virulence factors in P. aeruginosa using in-vitro experimental study-laboratory setting. Indonesian medicinal plant ethanolic extracts were tested for their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility, biofilm formation using microtiter plate method, pyocyanin and LasA production using LasA staphylolytic assay. Statistical significance of the data were determined using one way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett’s test. Differences were considered significant with P values of 0.05 or less. The findings obtained showed that Ethanolic extract of T. catappa leaves and A. alitilis flower capable to inhibit P. aeruginosa motility as well as pyocyanin production and biofilm formation. Both extracts also showed capability in reducing LasA protease production. It is concluded that T. catappa and A. alitilis are an interesting sources of innovative plant derived quorum quenching compound(s), thus can be used in the development of new antipathogenic drug.
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effects of 4 different cavity disinfectants on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in different time periods.
Study Design: The antibacterial effects of Cavity Cleanser, Tubulicid Red Label, Chloraxid 2%, and Oxygenated Water cavity disinfectant solutions on E. faecalis (ATCC 29212), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), and L. acidophilus (RSKK 03037) bacterial strains were evaluated by disk diffusion method. In the study where vancomycin antibiogram disc constituted the positive control group, physiological saline solution was used as the negative control group. Standard, sterile, blank antibiogram discs of 5 mm in diameter, in which 15 μL of each material were added, were placed on agar plates at 2.5–3 cm intervals. The inhibition zone diameters formed around the discs that were left to incubate for 24–48 hours at 37°C were measured in millimeters. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using one-way analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, and Bonferroni tests.
Results: At the end of the study the solutions tested showed a statistically significant antibacterial effect on all bacterial strains used (p<0.05). Cavity Cleanser disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine showed the highest antibacterial effect on S. mutans and L. acidophilus, and benzalkonium-containing Tubulicid Red disinfectant on E. faecalis.
Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of all cavity disinfectants used in the study was found to be higher at the end of the 48th hour than at the end of the 24th hour, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05).
Keywords: antibacterial agents; antibacterial effect; cavity disinfectants; chlorhexidine; contamination; dental caries; disinfection; disc diffusion; gram-negative bacteria; gram-positive bacteria
ABSTRACT- Medicinal plants contain valuable sources of biological components that are helpful in control and cure of
ageing diseases. Protein component present in various parts of the medicinal plants is the rich sources of medicine that
contains a permanent cure for several diseases. The studies on edible sources like C. lanatus testa (or seed coat) are to be
conducted to understand, the better action against human diseases. The purified inhibitor is separated by SDS PAGE and
analyzed by MS-MASCOT shown sequence as “MQDVKTYPPAAPVPATPRFGSLAG SLIEINR”. The C. lanatus testa
crude extracts were revealed good antifungal activity against A. niger (18mm) and C. albicans (13mm). The C. lanatus
testa purified extracts were revealed good antifungal activity against A. niger (21 mm) and C. albicans (20mm).
Fluconazole was used as a fungal standard, shown inhibition zone for A. niger (14mm) and C. albicans (20mm). The C.
lanatus Trypsin Inhibitor (CLTI) extracts from testa at 100μg/ml were shown good activity with A. niger acting as
antifungal agent compared to standard antibiotic (Fluconazole). The C. lanatus testa Trypsin inhibitor, it is also shown
good results for anti-proliferative activity. The results were shown good antiproliferation activity with MCF-7 (Breast
Cancer) cell line due to gradual decrease in the percentage of cell survival. The IC50 for standard drug (Tamoxifen) with
MCF-7 (Breast Cancer) cell line was shown as 12μg/ml. The IC50 of CLTI peptide was shown as 60μg/ml and crude as
190μg/ml. The IC50 for standard drug (Tamoxifen) with Hep-G2 (Liver Cancer) Cell line is shown as11 μg/ml. The IC50 of
CLTI peptide with Hep-G2 (Liver Cancer) Cell line was shown as 41 μg/ml and C. lanatus testa crude extract as 144
μg/ml. The experimentation concludes that serine protease inhibitors present in testa of C.lanatus shown both antifungal
and antiproliferative properties.
Key Words- C. lanatus testa, Trypsin inhibitor, Antifungal activity, Antiproliferative activity, Breast and liver cell lines
Suillus species, in general, are edible mushrooms, and environmentally important that are associated
mostly with pine trees in the tropics regions. These fungi considered a remarkable source of phenolic
compounds that play a crucial role as antioxidants which may reduce the risk of most human chronic
diseases such as cancer, diabetes, asthma, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer, and others. On the other hand,
carotenoids (β carotene) are the most popular natural pigments which play an important role to protect
the plants from photo-oxidative reactions. In human, these compounds prevent oxidative stress and
expects to have antimicrobial activity. Here, the phenolic compounds were extracted with Ethyl acetate
from fruiting bodies of Suillus sp and analyzed by HPLC, the antioxidant activity (reducing power%) of
phenolic compounds was determined at the concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity
of β carotene pigment was measured at a concentration of 100 mg/mL against some human pathogenic
bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus
aureus. The specific DNA region ITS was amplified and sequenced using ITS1 and ITS4 primers with
some bioinformatics analyses. The phenolic extract isolated from fruiting bodies of Suillus sp showed a
remarkable antioxidant activity by increasing the reducing power percent (from F+3 ions to F+2 ions)
comparing with the industrial antioxidant (Propyl gallate) at all used concentrations. Percent of reducing
power of phenolic compounds were 75.5, 84.9 and 95.7% at concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL
respectively; comparing with PG were 65.9, 81.3, and 93.3 at 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL respectively. The β
carotene pigment revealed a significant antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 100 mg/mL against K.
pneumonia, E. coli, and S. aureus. The highest bacterial growth inhibition was against K. pneumonia (40
mm), followed by E. coli (36 mm) and S. aureus (31 mm), while no effect showed against P. aeruginosa.
Our outcomes revealed that the phenolic bioactive compounds can be used as a natural antioxidant
instead of the industrial antioxidants, and also a β carotene pigment could be applied as a promising
natural compound rather than using the antibiotics and other manufactured compounds to inhibit
bacteria activity.
This document summarizes a case study of neonatal osteomyelitis that developed as an unusual complication following extraction of a natal tooth. A 52-day old infant presented with a painful swelling and abscess in the lower jaw that had been present for a month. The infant had a natal tooth extracted at 11 days of age. CT scan and bloodwork confirmed osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The infant was treated with intravenous vancomycin for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of oral vancomycin, resulting in healing of the extraoral and intraoral sites. This case highlights the rare but important potential for osteomyelitis to develop after natal tooth extraction.
This study characterized bacteriophages that can control multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli Serovar O168 isolated from ducklings in Egypt. Three phages (ECa1, ECb1, ECc1) were isolated from sewage samples and characterized. Electron microscopy showed the phages belonged to the family Podoviridae. A cocktail of the three phages was significantly more effective at reducing E. coli O168 in vitro than single phages, with a 7.4 log reduction after 12 hours. This confirms phage cocktails as a promising approach for controlling multidrug-resistant E. coli infections in ducklings.
ABSTRACT- The objective of our study is to determine its anti-inflammatory potential of protein extracted from the
stings of honey bee (Apis mellifera). In this study, protein extracted from the stings of Apis mellifera using Tris HCl/ice
cold acetone and determined through Nano drop method and then determined its Da protein using SDS-PAGE. In
addition, indirect ELISA was performed using rubella vaccine as coating antigen and determined its antibody titre using
variable concentration of sting protein (15.62-250 μg) and also determined its activity on human whole blood for
determining total cellular content and proliferation against rubella vaccine antigen. The results showed that protein from
stings of Apis mellifera showed drastic declined in antibody titre at higher doses but there is slightly enhancement in
antibody titre, total cellular content and proliferations at lower concentration as compared to control and rubella vaccine
(standard).Overall, this study suggest that stings protein of Apis mellifera showed anti-inflammatory potential against
rubella vaccine antigen.
Key-words- Anti-inflammatory, Apis mellifera, Stings, Nanodrop, ELISA
Study of the antibacterial activities of soursop (annona muricata l.) leavesAstri Xiao Lu
The document summarizes a study that investigated the antibacterial activities of methanol extract and chloroform fraction of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract showed inhibition zones of 14.1 mm against S. aureus and 13.1 mm against E. coli at a concentration of 150 mg/ml. At 250 mg/ml, the methanol extract inhibited E. coli with a zone of 14.5 mm. The chloroform fraction only inhibited S. aureus with a zone of 9.9 mm at 150 mg/ml. The methanol extract demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared to the chloroform fraction against both bacterial strains.
This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, green tea polyphenols (GTP), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on extracted human teeth. Teeth were prepared and exposed to E. faecalis to form biofilm over 3 and 6 weeks. At 3 weeks, Triphala, MTAD and NaOCl completely inhibited bacterial growth, while GTP and saline showed growth. At 6 weeks, NaOCl completely inhibited growth while Triphala, GTP and MTAD showed growth. Quantitative analysis found NaOCl achieved maximum reduction of bacterial counts, while GTP showed the highest remaining counts. The study concluded 5% NaOCl demonstrated
Potential use of Quercus infectoria gall extracts against urinary tract patho...pharmaindexing
This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of Quercus infectoria galls against pathogens that cause urinary tract infections. Both extracts showed inhibitory effects against tested bacteria at a concentration of 5 mg/disc, with the exception of some bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified pyrogallol as the major compound in both extracts. The results suggest that Q. infectoria gall extracts have potential as an antibacterial agent for preventing and treating urinary tract infections.
Synergistic antibacterial effects of three edible plants extract against anti...Open Access Research Paper
In vitro synergistic antibacterial effects among Alocasia macrorrhizos rhizome, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius corm and Colocasia esculenta corm extracts were tested against six resistant bacteria viz., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone was compared with the commercially available antibiotic (tetracycline). High inhibitory activity was observed against E. coli (12.67±0.33 mm) and S. aureus (12.50±0.29 mm) for methanol extract at 800 mgml-1 of concentration. MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 200-580 mgml-1 and 250-650 mgml-1 respectively. The lowest MIC and MBC of the extracts were measured against E. coli.
Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus spp. especially (L. planetarium and L. acidophilus) against S. aureus were tested using agar-plug, agar well diffusion methods to select the best isolate that could inhibit the growth of multidrug resistance isolates. Further identification for the presence of bacteriocin was done using ELISA kit. Results showed that Lactobacillus spp isolates were bacteriocin producers with different degrees and that L. planetarium (L7) was the most efficient in bacteriocin production. Therefore, L. planetarium (L7) was selected for purification using 70% saturated ammonium sulfate and gel chromatography. The effect of purified bacteriocin was tested on 16 bacterial isolates using micro-titer plate method and well diffusion method. The results showed the ability of the bacteriocin to inhibit bacteria only at concentrations 1866U/ml (50%), 3732U/ml (100%) with a diameter of inhibition zones ranges between (11-23 mm) respectively. The anti-biofilm activity of purified bacteriocin at concentration 100% was investigated and the results showed that biofilm formation was reduced by 100% in the presence of bacteriocin.
ABSTRACT- Mosquito-borne diseases have intruded the globe since immemorial time. The present scenario for
commanding the mosquitoes is aimed at application of target and stage-specific, cost-effective and biodegradable
phytoproducts. Plant extracts are safer for non-target organisms including man. Plant based formulations would be more
feasible environmental products with proven potential as insecticide. Therefore, in the present study of larvicidal
activity of biologically active compound Apigenin extracted from leaf of Jatropha gossypifolia against the filarial
vector, Culex quinquefasciatus was studied. Standard WHO protocols with minor modifications was adopted for the
larvicidal bioassay. The active compound Apigenin extracted through ethyl alcohol solvent from the leaf of Jatropha
gossypifolia plant of family Euphorbiaceae was administered for 24h or 96h to the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Exposure of larvae over 24h to sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of apigenin, significantly (P<0.05) altered the
level of total protein, total free amino acid, glycogen and activity of enzymes acetyl cholinesterase, acid and alkaline
phosphatase activity in whole body tissue of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The alterations in all these biochemical
parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent.
Key-words- Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbiaceae, Culex quinquefasciatus, biochemical effects, Wuchereria bancrofti
Antimicrobial Drug Synthesis from Submerge Cultures of Pleurotus florida in D...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Similar to Enterocins: Symptomatic for Bio-alternative in Caries Control (20)
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
More from SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences (20)
Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
Gene therapy can be broadly defined as the transfer of genetic material to cure a disease or at least to improve the clinical status of a patient.
One of the basic concepts of gene therapy is to transform viruses into genetic shuttles, which will deliver the gene of interest into the target cells.
Safe methods have been devised to do this, using several viral and non-viral vectors.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery.
The biggest hurdle faced by medical research in gene therapy is the availability of effective gene-carrying vectors that meet all of the following criteria:
Protection of transgene or genetic cargo from degradative action of systemic and endonucleases,
Delivery of genetic material to the target site, i.e., either cell cytoplasm or nucleus,
Low potential of triggering unwanted immune responses or genotoxicity,
Economical and feasible availability for patients .
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes, toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex viruses, adeno associated viruses.
BBB and BCF
control the entry of compounds into the brain and
regulate brain homeostasis.
restricts access to brain cells of blood–borne compounds and
facilitates nutrients essential for normal metabolism to reach brain cells
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Blocked Fallopian Tubes.pptxFFragrant
There are many traditional Chinese medicine therapies to treat blocked fallopian tubes. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill is one of the more effective choices.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.