Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus UnguisIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Ba...IOSR Journals
The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this
study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were
maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme
production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum
amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%,
pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 250C,280C,370C, and 400C and inoculums
level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied
Study on the Use of Agricultural Wastes for Cellulase Production by Using Asp...IOSR Journals
It was the goal to investigate the Cellulase enzyme production ability of fungal strains such as
Aspergillus niger against the lignocellulosic bio-waste like Rice husks, Millet husks, Maize cobs, Wheat straws
and leaves at varying environmental parameters of pH, substrate concentration and dry weight and wet weight.
The enzyme production was analyzed individually by Miller‘s modified method of Dinitrosalicylic acid ( DNSA
). In this study the high level of enzyme production was achieved at pH 3 by using Rice husks, Millet husks,
Maize cobs, Wheat straws and leaves and pH 4 by using Maize cobs at varying substrate concentrations. Out of
all the five used substrates rice husks gave the higher production of the cellulose enzyme. The importance of
cellulase enzyme in industries cannot be over emphasized.
Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...IOSR Journals
Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus UnguisIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
Effect of Different Physico-Chemical Parameters on Production ofAmylase by Ba...IOSR Journals
The present study is concerned with the production of amylase by Bacillus species strain. In this
study 12 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for their α-amylase activity. These strains were
maintained on nutrient agar medium. Fermentation for the production of amylase was carried out in the enzyme
production medium (EPM). All the 12 strains were tested for amylase production. On the basis of maximum
amylase activity strain no.1 was selected for further studies. Different starch concentrations, 0.75,1.00,1.25%,
pH labels 6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0, aeration (RPM), 100,120,140, temperatures 250C,280C,370C, and 400C and inoculums
level 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were studied
Study on the Use of Agricultural Wastes for Cellulase Production by Using Asp...IOSR Journals
It was the goal to investigate the Cellulase enzyme production ability of fungal strains such as
Aspergillus niger against the lignocellulosic bio-waste like Rice husks, Millet husks, Maize cobs, Wheat straws
and leaves at varying environmental parameters of pH, substrate concentration and dry weight and wet weight.
The enzyme production was analyzed individually by Miller‘s modified method of Dinitrosalicylic acid ( DNSA
). In this study the high level of enzyme production was achieved at pH 3 by using Rice husks, Millet husks,
Maize cobs, Wheat straws and leaves and pH 4 by using Maize cobs at varying substrate concentrations. Out of
all the five used substrates rice husks gave the higher production of the cellulose enzyme. The importance of
cellulase enzyme in industries cannot be over emphasized.
Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...IOSR Journals
Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Optimization of process parameters for the production of l glutaminase with m...eSAT Journals
Abstract L-Glutaminase, an amidohydrolase enzyme has been a choice of interest in the treatment of leukaemia since the discovery of its anti-tumour properties. Because it is a potent anti leukemic agent and a flavor-enhancing agent used in the food industry, many researchers have focused their attention on L-glutaminase. L-Glutaminase is majorly produced by micro organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. In the present study, production of L-Glutaminase from fungi, Aspergillus wentii was reported. Solid state fermentation was followed in the study for the enzyme production using different agro-industrial by products which include coconut oil cake, sesame oil cake, groundnut oil cake and neem oil cake. Out of them potential substrates were screened and used as mixed substrate. Mixed substrate was selected by mixing coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake in different compositions. The best composition, 1.25gm coconut oil cake and 3.75gm sesame oil cake was selected. Effect of process parameters namely temperature, pH, incubation time, moisture content, inoculum volume on enzyme production was investigated. Also effect of supplementary carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and glutamine concentration was studied and their optimum conditions were determined. The organism produced high levels of enzyme at an optimum temperature of 28C and optimum pH 7.0, after 120h of incubation with 40% inoculum volume and 50% moisture content. Enhanced production was obtained on addition of 1% W/V D-glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate and 1% W/W glutamine as supplements which showed an increase to four folds. Using this optimized media components and parameters; the L-Glutaminase activity 496U/gds was obtained. Keywords: L-Glutaminase, leukaemia, Aspergillus wentii, solid state fermentation, mixed substrate
The Effects of Grape Seed Powder and Extract on Antimicrobial of Fermented Tu...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— In this study, the effects of the grape seed powders and extracts of from two different grape cultivars (Razakı and Siyah Gemre) on the quality characteristics of Turkish sausage were investigated during the ripening period. Some characteristics of Turkish sausage including phenolic content, radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Fe +2 chelating activity, Inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Candida albicans were studied. In fermented sausage, grape seed powders and extracts demonstrated the greatest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results showed that Siyah Gemre grape seed extract was able to reduce Staphylococcusaureus populations by 42 CFU/g, while the population of Escherichia Coli was reduced by 590 CFU/g. Siyah Gemre grape seed extract was able to reduce Candida albicans populations by 880 CFU/g. Also this study demonstrated that grape seed extracts were more effective than grape seed powders. Our results suggest that the use of grape seed extract is a feasible alternative as antibacterial and antioxidant agents to prevent the deterioration of foods by bacteria and oxidation. Keywords— Grape seed powder and extract, Razakı and Siyah Gemre antimicrobial, antioxidant, natural preservative.
Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger Cultured in Solid State Media - IJBInnspub Net
Solid state fermentation was carried out with 7 fungal strains, obtained from different sources. Among 7 isolates Aspergillus niger,IM-6 was found as effective pectinase producer.Maximum enzymatic activity (142.44U/gm) was observed after 7 days incubation at 40˚C temperature in 750 ml conical flask. In this study 1.69% (NH4)2SO4 was used as nitrogen source, although peptone as a nitrogen source showed better result but use of peptone was not cost effective. As a substrate, wheat bran and potato starch showed good result (85.54U/gm) in solid state culture. Addition of 9.68% pectin was found to increase the enzyme production as 116.57U/gm. Pectinase production was optimum in 60% moisture (98.34U/gm). Aeration showed positive effects on pectinase production (136.86U/gm) at 750 ml flask than 1000 ml flask. Thus the wild strain Aspergillus niger IM-6 has outstanding pectinase producing capability at 40◦C in 60% initial moisture content for 7 days of incubation in solid state fermentation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-1-february-2011-3/
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Open Access Research Paper
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β– galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β– glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β– glucosidase is under progress.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Innspub Net
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β–galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β–glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase is under progress.
Production and optimization of lipase from candida rugosa using groundnut oil...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Production and optimization of lipase from candida rugosa using groundnut oil...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present work deals with the screening of microorganisms Candida rugosa NCIM 3467 and Penicillum citrinum NCIM 765 with different agro residues – rice bran, wheat bran, groundnut oil cake, coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake for maximum production of lipase. Among all the industrial residues, Groundnut oil cake supported the maximum lipase production by C.rugosa NCIM 3467. The physical factors such as fermentation time, temperature, pH, inoculum age, inoculum level, initial moisture content played a vital role in lipase production and further the yield was improved with the supplementation of carbon and organic nitrogen sources to the solid medium. At 5 days of fermentation, 32 °C, pH 6, 5 day old culture, 15% inoculum level and at 60% initial moisture content, lipase activity of 57.25 U/ml was obtained. Further the activity was raised to 63.35 U/ml by supplementing the substrate media with maltose (5%w/w) and peptone (3%w/w). Keywords: Candida rugosa, Pencillum citrinum, Solid state Fermentations, Lipase, Optimization and Characterization.
Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed Sargassum Sp.ijtsrd
In this study, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was used to produce bioethanol by using enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification method. Bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was more commercial than using any other starch based raw materials because it can be easily collected on Chaung Tha beach in Myanmar without any impact on environment. In this regard, the productivity of bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was determined by separate hydrolysis and fermentation SHF with yeasts. Two types of yeasts were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for glucose fermentation in brown seaweed and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate N3,N18,N24 were used for mannitol fermentation which consist plenty in brown seaweed. The effects of enzymatic liquefaction, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation on this sample were studied. From the fermentation studies, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. gave the ethanol percent by weight of 2.56 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae only and 4.1 by using mixture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. The maximum yield of crude ethanol was 32.5 by fermentating yeast mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. When it was fermented by just only Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yield of crude ethanol percent was 20.3 . Nway Mon Mon Oo | Tint Tint Kywe "Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28011.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/28011/preparation-of-bioethanol-from-brown-seaweed-sargassum-sp/nway-mon-mon-oo
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A yeast strain E2 was purified from traditional yeast, and retained for its strongly acidifying, fermentative and saccharolytic
power. In fact, this strain produces a high concentration of acetic acid 105.85 mg / L revealed by using the H.P.L.C DAD technique
during its growth in semi synthetic medium containing sucrose at 5 g /l as only carbon source. The pH of the culture medium increases
from 5.58 to 2.76 after 24 hours of culture and to 2.48 after 48 hours of
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Watermelon Waste for Ethano...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
As the world oil reserves are draining day by day, new resources of carbon
and hydrogen must be investigated to supply our energy and industrial needs. An
extensive amount of biomass is accessible in many parts of the world and could be
utilized either directly or as crude material for the production of different fuels. The
motivation behind the present research is to find an appropriate strain for the fermentation
of watermelon waste to get ethanol. Saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
of watermelon waste were carried out simultaneously in the presence of A. niger and
S. cerevisiae (toddy origin and baker’s yeast). Toddy originated S. cerevisiae culture
is found to be more active than that of baker’s yeast. For the ethanol production, the
optimized conditions for different parameters like temperature, time, strain and pH
are finalized.
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
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International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Optimization of process parameters for the production of l glutaminase with m...eSAT Journals
Abstract L-Glutaminase, an amidohydrolase enzyme has been a choice of interest in the treatment of leukaemia since the discovery of its anti-tumour properties. Because it is a potent anti leukemic agent and a flavor-enhancing agent used in the food industry, many researchers have focused their attention on L-glutaminase. L-Glutaminase is majorly produced by micro organisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi. In the present study, production of L-Glutaminase from fungi, Aspergillus wentii was reported. Solid state fermentation was followed in the study for the enzyme production using different agro-industrial by products which include coconut oil cake, sesame oil cake, groundnut oil cake and neem oil cake. Out of them potential substrates were screened and used as mixed substrate. Mixed substrate was selected by mixing coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake in different compositions. The best composition, 1.25gm coconut oil cake and 3.75gm sesame oil cake was selected. Effect of process parameters namely temperature, pH, incubation time, moisture content, inoculum volume on enzyme production was investigated. Also effect of supplementary carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metal ions and glutamine concentration was studied and their optimum conditions were determined. The organism produced high levels of enzyme at an optimum temperature of 28C and optimum pH 7.0, after 120h of incubation with 40% inoculum volume and 50% moisture content. Enhanced production was obtained on addition of 1% W/V D-glucose, peptone, magnesium sulphate and 1% W/W glutamine as supplements which showed an increase to four folds. Using this optimized media components and parameters; the L-Glutaminase activity 496U/gds was obtained. Keywords: L-Glutaminase, leukaemia, Aspergillus wentii, solid state fermentation, mixed substrate
The Effects of Grape Seed Powder and Extract on Antimicrobial of Fermented Tu...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— In this study, the effects of the grape seed powders and extracts of from two different grape cultivars (Razakı and Siyah Gemre) on the quality characteristics of Turkish sausage were investigated during the ripening period. Some characteristics of Turkish sausage including phenolic content, radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Fe +2 chelating activity, Inhibition of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Candida albicans were studied. In fermented sausage, grape seed powders and extracts demonstrated the greatest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results showed that Siyah Gemre grape seed extract was able to reduce Staphylococcusaureus populations by 42 CFU/g, while the population of Escherichia Coli was reduced by 590 CFU/g. Siyah Gemre grape seed extract was able to reduce Candida albicans populations by 880 CFU/g. Also this study demonstrated that grape seed extracts were more effective than grape seed powders. Our results suggest that the use of grape seed extract is a feasible alternative as antibacterial and antioxidant agents to prevent the deterioration of foods by bacteria and oxidation. Keywords— Grape seed powder and extract, Razakı and Siyah Gemre antimicrobial, antioxidant, natural preservative.
Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger Cultured in Solid State Media - IJBInnspub Net
Solid state fermentation was carried out with 7 fungal strains, obtained from different sources. Among 7 isolates Aspergillus niger,IM-6 was found as effective pectinase producer.Maximum enzymatic activity (142.44U/gm) was observed after 7 days incubation at 40˚C temperature in 750 ml conical flask. In this study 1.69% (NH4)2SO4 was used as nitrogen source, although peptone as a nitrogen source showed better result but use of peptone was not cost effective. As a substrate, wheat bran and potato starch showed good result (85.54U/gm) in solid state culture. Addition of 9.68% pectin was found to increase the enzyme production as 116.57U/gm. Pectinase production was optimum in 60% moisture (98.34U/gm). Aeration showed positive effects on pectinase production (136.86U/gm) at 750 ml flask than 1000 ml flask. Thus the wild strain Aspergillus niger IM-6 has outstanding pectinase producing capability at 40◦C in 60% initial moisture content for 7 days of incubation in solid state fermentation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-1-number-1-february-2011-3/
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Open Access Research Paper
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β– galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β– glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β– glucosidase is under progress.
Extraction of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase from the seeds of Tamarindus ...Innspub Net
The enzymes β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase were extracted from the tamarind seeds using different buffers at different pH. Highest activity was obtained with 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 and 10 mM tris buffer, pH 7.4. The effect of NaCl and Triton X–100 at different concentrations on the extraction of the enzymes indicated 10 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.6 containing 1 M NaCl as a better extractant of the enzyme. The enzyme assay was carried out using p–nitrophenyl–β–D–galactoside and p–nitrophenyl–β–D–glucoside as substrates. Highest enzyme activities were observed on 6th and 24th day of germination. The protein content gradually decreased upto 5th day of germination and suddenly increased on 6th day. However, on subsequent days of germination, the protein content greatly decreased upto 11th day. During the latter period of germination (18th day onwards) the content remained almost constant. The kinetic parameters varied for both β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase. The activity of β–galactosidase was show to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.5 and a temperature of 500C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 400C – 700C with the pH stability in the range of 5.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGal were determined as 66μM and 2.27nmolesmin-1. In contrast the activity of β–glucosidase was shown to have an optimal operating condition at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 300C. The thermostability of the enzyme was in the range of 270C – 350C with the pH stability in the range of 4.0 – 7.0. The Km and Vmax values for pNPGlu were determined as 121μM and 5.26nmolesmin-1. The presented study is a preliminary work carried out for the standardization of protocols. The purification and characterization of β–galactosidase and β–glucosidase is under progress.
Production and optimization of lipase from candida rugosa using groundnut oil...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Production and optimization of lipase from candida rugosa using groundnut oil...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present work deals with the screening of microorganisms Candida rugosa NCIM 3467 and Penicillum citrinum NCIM 765 with different agro residues – rice bran, wheat bran, groundnut oil cake, coconut oil cake and sesame oil cake for maximum production of lipase. Among all the industrial residues, Groundnut oil cake supported the maximum lipase production by C.rugosa NCIM 3467. The physical factors such as fermentation time, temperature, pH, inoculum age, inoculum level, initial moisture content played a vital role in lipase production and further the yield was improved with the supplementation of carbon and organic nitrogen sources to the solid medium. At 5 days of fermentation, 32 °C, pH 6, 5 day old culture, 15% inoculum level and at 60% initial moisture content, lipase activity of 57.25 U/ml was obtained. Further the activity was raised to 63.35 U/ml by supplementing the substrate media with maltose (5%w/w) and peptone (3%w/w). Keywords: Candida rugosa, Pencillum citrinum, Solid state Fermentations, Lipase, Optimization and Characterization.
Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed Sargassum Sp.ijtsrd
In this study, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was used to produce bioethanol by using enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification method. Bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was more commercial than using any other starch based raw materials because it can be easily collected on Chaung Tha beach in Myanmar without any impact on environment. In this regard, the productivity of bioethanol from brown seaweed Sargassum sp. was determined by separate hydrolysis and fermentation SHF with yeasts. Two types of yeasts were used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for glucose fermentation in brown seaweed and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate N3,N18,N24 were used for mannitol fermentation which consist plenty in brown seaweed. The effects of enzymatic liquefaction, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation on this sample were studied. From the fermentation studies, brown seaweed Sargassum sp. gave the ethanol percent by weight of 2.56 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae only and 4.1 by using mixture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and selected nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. The maximum yield of crude ethanol was 32.5 by fermentating yeast mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nitrogen fixing yeast isolate. When it was fermented by just only Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yield of crude ethanol percent was 20.3 . Nway Mon Mon Oo | Tint Tint Kywe "Preparation of Bioethanol from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum Sp.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28011.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/28011/preparation-of-bioethanol-from-brown-seaweed-sargassum-sp/nway-mon-mon-oo
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A yeast strain E2 was purified from traditional yeast, and retained for its strongly acidifying, fermentative and saccharolytic
power. In fact, this strain produces a high concentration of acetic acid 105.85 mg / L revealed by using the H.P.L.C DAD technique
during its growth in semi synthetic medium containing sucrose at 5 g /l as only carbon source. The pH of the culture medium increases
from 5.58 to 2.76 after 24 hours of culture and to 2.48 after 48 hours of
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Watermelon Waste for Ethano...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
As the world oil reserves are draining day by day, new resources of carbon
and hydrogen must be investigated to supply our energy and industrial needs. An
extensive amount of biomass is accessible in many parts of the world and could be
utilized either directly or as crude material for the production of different fuels. The
motivation behind the present research is to find an appropriate strain for the fermentation
of watermelon waste to get ethanol. Saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
of watermelon waste were carried out simultaneously in the presence of A. niger and
S. cerevisiae (toddy origin and baker’s yeast). Toddy originated S. cerevisiae culture
is found to be more active than that of baker’s yeast. For the ethanol production, the
optimized conditions for different parameters like temperature, time, strain and pH
are finalized.
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
Microanatomical and Hormonal Studies of the Effects of Aqueous Cannabis sativa Leaf Extract on the Testis of Adult Wistar Rats
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.1
More from SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences (20)
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.