The document discusses how literature can be influenced by culture, history, and environment. It provides the example of Jose Rizal's novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which were influenced by the cruelty of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It also analyzes the one-act play "Sa Pula, Sa Puti" by Francisco Rodrigo, noting how it comments on social issues like gambling addiction through depicting a character obsessed with cockfighting. The play reflects Filipino culture and the belief that luck can change one's fortunes.

1. FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE
LITERATURE: CULTURE, HISTORY,
ENVIRONMENT, AND OTHERS
ENGLISH 7 QUARTER 3
MODULE 3

2. Directions: Look closely at the following pictures and as you study the given pictures, please consider the following questions.
1.Which picture shows the spirit of communal unity and cooperation of the Filipino people?
2.Which picture shows that the life of Filipino people is simple and peaceful?
3.Which picture shows that the Philippines has a great history about money that brought changes and reformation in the country?
4.Which among the pictures shows the values or practices of Filipino people?
A B C D

3. CULTURE
is a complex of features held by a social
group, which maybe small as a family or a tribe
or as large as a racial or ethnic group.

4. Culture has been called “the way of life” for an
entire society. It includes codes of manners, dress,
language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as
law and morality and belief systems.
However culture is not fixed or static; rather, it
involves a dynamic process as people respond to
changing conditions and challenges.

5. HISTORY
is a study of the past. History also includes
the academic discipline that uses a narrative to
describe, examine, question, and analyze a
sequence of past events and investigate the
patterns of cause and effect related to them.

6. History provides us identity. By
understanding where we come from, we can
better understand who we are.
History provide a sense of context for our
lives and our existence. It helps us understand
the way things are and how we might approach
in the future.

7. ENVIRONMENT
is a place where different things, living (biotic)
or non-living (abiotic), constantly interact with
and adapt to conditions in their environment. A
person’s environment is the event and culture
that the person lived in.

8. Importance of Knowing the Filipino
Culture, History, and Environment
We get understand the people and the world better.
It helps us understand ourselves.
Knowledge of own culture is increased.
It helps us overcome and prevent racial and ethical
divisions.

9. SA PULA, SA PUTI
Summary
by FRANCISCO RODRIGO
Reading Passage
One morning Kulas greeted his wife a pleasant morning but
Celing answered dryly. She was jealous and envious about Kulas’
fighting cocks for they were the first thought of Kulas every
morning. Kulas explained that he only cared for the cocks for
their own good. Celing didn’t believe any more on Kulas reasons
for he was always defeated by his opponent.

10. Kulas always believed on his dream and thought
that those dreams had signs that he would win the
fight. Celing narrated all the dreams that Kulas told
her but he didn’t win. She was already sick with
Kulas’ reasons. He asked if he could give him money
to spend for the cockfight and he was really eager to
get the money. Celing had nothing to do but give
him money and Kulas went out the house hurriedly.

11. Celing commanded Teban to bet on
Kulas’ opponent. This is her way to get the
money of Kulas spent in the sabong for
Kulas was always a loser. Celing was right;
Kulas went home defeated by his opponent.
He promised never to bet again.

12. Castor taught Kulas some techniques how to win a fight in
a way of cheating when Celing was in the market. He will bet
on his opponent’s cock! Kulas was disappointed after the fight
because his cock won. He went home and his wife asked him
the money for his cock won. He said he lost the fight for he
bet on the opponent’s side. Celing was astonished and
confessed her secret that every time Kulas go for a fight she
bet on his opponent.
They have a good dinner at that time for the cocks left
were made adobo.

13. Discussion:
How was literature may be influenced by culture,
history and environment?
Literature may be influenced by culture, history and
environment because of the traditional or experience that
applies to it. For example, if one has to choose who to
vote for the coming election, he would probably look
upon the records (history) of the person running for
government position.

14. Another example is Jose Rizal wrote Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo during the Spanish colonization to
enlighten the Filipinos on what is happening in the
country. The cruelty experienced by the Filipinos under
the Spanish rule gave our hero the idea in writing his
book, Noli Me Tangere. El Filibusterismo was also written
to dedicate to the “Three Martyrs”, GomBurZa. Dr. Jose
Rizal believed that the three martyrs were only a victim of
cruelty and loss of justice during that time.

15. Sa Pula, Sa Puti is a piece of literature written with the
influenced of history, culture, environment and other factors.
This is a one act play, written by Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo. This
play is a comedy that comments on people’s weakness in a
situation recognizable throughout the country that still happen up
to the present. It is a good demonstration of social issues
particularly the hope of the majority on luck. It is also timely
because many people still struggle with gambling but do not see
the impact it can give. The play also showed us some issues in the
country like we Filipinos hoping on luck to win money and
addiction in gambling.

16. Its main character is a sabungero or
cockfighter who is addicted to cock pit.
This play tells about how he learns and
realizes his foolishness of gambling that
not in all situation luck can save us.

17. Demonstration of Filipino culture has been
written in an entertaining way also. In the beginning
you will see what the writer wants to convey, here is
Kulas’ belief in luck. The flow of the connectivity
of the author’s work is also beautiful that you may
not immediately know what will happen next
especially the end when the couple both lose, this is
a simple explanation and realization that gambling is
not good at all.

18. Now that we have seen how a piece of
literature may be influenced by culture, history,
environment, and others, let us consider one
example for a better understanding.

19. In the story we have seen a popular and old pastime
which is the Sabong or cockfighting. This has a long history
in the Philippines. Sabong gives you a unique and thrilling
satisfaction a Filipino national old pastime. It lets you feel
a great, enduring forming facet of the culture of our
country. Before the Spaniards came, this was already
around and well loved by Filipinos, mostly men and young
boys. Our National Hero Jose Rizal once pointed out that
the average Filipino loves rooster.

20. Social scientist say cockfighting is
popular in the Philippines because it
reflects the national passion for
brevity.

21. ACTIVITY #1

22. A HERITAGE OF SMALLNESS
Summary
by NICK JOAQUIN
Reading Passage
Society for the Filipino is a small rowboat: the
barangay Geography for the Filipino is a small
locality: the barrio. History for the Filipino is a
small vague saying: matanda pa kay mahoma; noong
peacetime.

23. Enterprise for the Filipino is a small stall:
the sari-sari store. Industry and
production for the Filipino are the small
immediate scratching of each day: isang
kahig, isang tuka. And the commerce for
the Filipino is the smallest degree of
retail: the tingi-tingi.

24. What most astonishes foreigners in the
Philippines is that this is a country, perhaps the only
one in the world, where people buy and sell one stick
of cigarette, half a head of garlic. A dab of pomade,
part of the contents of a can or bottle, one single
egg, one single banana. To foreigners used to buying
things by the carton or the dozen or pound and in
the large economy sizes, the exquisite transactions
of Philippines tingis cannot be seen but Liliputian.

25. So much effort by so many for so little. Like all
those children risking neck and limb in the traffic to
sell one stick of cigarette at a time. Or those grown-
up men hunting the sidewalks all day to sell a puppy
or a lantern or a pair of socks. The amount of effort
they spend seems out of all proportion to the
returns. Such folks are, obviously, not enough.
Laboriousness just can never be the equal of labor
asskill, labor as audacity, labor as enterprise.

26. The Filipino who travels abroad gets to thinking
that this is the hardest working country in the world.
By six or seven morning, we are already up on our
way to work, shops and markets are open; the
wheels of industry are already a grind. Abroad,
especially in the West, if you go out at seven in the
morning you’re in dead-town. Everybody’s still in
bed, everything’s still closed up.

27. Activity doesn’t begin till nine or ten- and
ceases promptly at five p.m. By six, the business
sections are dead towns again. The entire cities
go to sleep on weekends. They have a shorter
working day, a shorter working week. Yet they
pile up more mileage than we who work all day
and all week.

28. 1. What idea about the Filipinos can be drawn or extracted from
the text?
a. Foreigners belittle Filipinos for working so hard yet getting
too little from their hard work.
b. Filipinos are hardworking and are compensated accordingly.
c. Filipinos are hardworking but not compensated for their
efforts.
d. Filipinos are not indolent, but not being one is not enough
so there is a need to balance hard work and productivity.

29. 2. What does the text tell about the life of the
Filipinos in the Philippines?
a. Life is challenging.
b. Life is easy.
c. Life is normal.
d. Life is stress-free.

30. 3. Which statement from the text/passage shows the influence of
culture?
a. The Filipino who travels abroad gets to thinking that he is
the hardest working country in the world.
b. Laboriousness can never be the equal of labor as skill, labor
as audacity, labor as enterprise.
c. Industry and production for the Filipino are the small
immediate scratching of each day: isang kahig, isang tuka.
d. The entire cities go to sleep on weekends.

31. 4. Which statement from the text/passage talks about
history?
a. They have a shorter working day, a shorter working
week.
b. History for the Filipino is a small vague saying: matanda
pa kay mahoma; noong peacetime.
c. So much effort by so many for so little.
d. The Filipino who travels abroad gets to thinking that
his is the hardest working country in the world.

32. 5. Which statement from the text/passage demonstrates a
situation in an environment?
a. Society for the Filipino is a small rowboat: the barangay.
b. Like all those children risking neck and limb in the
traffic to sell one stick of cigarette at a time.
c. Geography for the Filipino is a small locality: the barrio.
d. Abroad, they have a shorter working day, a shorter
working week.

33. ACTIVITY #2

34. Directions: Identify whether the statement is true or
not. Write T if it is true, F if it’s not.
1. Culture has been called “the way of life for an
entire society”.
2. Knowing our culture helps us to value and respect
our differences.

35. 3. History provides us with a sense of identity. By
understanding where we have come from , we can
better understand who we are.
4. The environment can influence people’s behavior
and motivation to act.
5. The environment plays a crucial role in people’s
physical, mental, and social well-being.

36. ACTIVITY #3

37. Directions: Below are excerpts from
the story, How Gold was found in
Antamok (Tales of the Mountain
Province). Identify the factor present
in each excerpt whether Culture,
Environment, or History.

38. EXCERPT 1
1. The people of the surrounding countryside
believed that the tree was sacred because an anito or
spirit, lived in it. And whenever anyone of them
passed by, he would stop for a while and pray. He
would also leave an offering of food in a coconut
shell and ask the anito for good fortune.

39. EXCERPT 2
2. One day during a great storm, there was
an awful noise; and a big ball of fire was
seen at the foot of the sacred tree. Then
suddenly the tree fell down, as though it
had suddenly grown weary and had laid
down to rest.

40. EXCERPT 3
3. Cenon’s news made everybody in
the village happy. The priest, or
mambunong, was particularly happy,
for the news merely proved that what
he said was true.

41. EXCERPT 4
4. “Well then, I’ll tell you”, said the priest.
First, offer a pig as a gift to the anito. Then
asked him to let you take some of his gold.
Tell him that you need it tell him that you
want to buy rice and other things for
yourselves and your children.

42. EXCERPT 5
5. After the liberation of Manila, hundreds of indigent
families settled in the squalid, cramped space of the
bombed ruins of an old government building on Juan Luna.
For more than a decades these “squatters” tenaciously
refused to move out in spite of court rulings. The “casbah”,
as the compound was popularly known, became a breeding
place for vice and corruption. The city government was able
to evict the “squatters” only on December 20, 1958.

43. ASSESSMENT

44. Direction: Select the best answer to each question by
writing the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following factors reflects the use
of records of past events which includes
narratives to describe, examine, question, and
analyze a sequence of past events.
A. Culture B. Environment C. History

45. 2. Which of the following factors is depicted in the text?
A. Culture B. Environment C. History
I was a month old when the First World War was
declared, but the sound of distant guns shook away my
childhood. I grew up quickly and found that my brother
Polon was one of the 25,000 volunteers in the Philippine
National Guard that fought in Europe. Suddenly the war
came and suddenly it ended. Then my childhood was
gone forever.

46. 3. Which of the following factors refers to
the code of manners, dress, language,
religion, and norms of behavior. In other
words, it is the way of life for an entire
society.
A. Culture B. Environment C. History

47. 4. Which of the following factors is depicted in the excerpt from
“Sa Pula, Sa Puti”by Nick Joaquin.
A. Culture B. Environment C. History
Kulas always believed on his dream and thought that those
dreams had signs that he would win the fight. Celing narrated all
the dreams that Kulas told her but he didn’t win. She was already
sick with Kulas’ reasons. He asked if he could give him money to
spend for the cockfight and he was really eager to get the money.
Celing had nothing to do but give him money and Kulas went out
the house hurriedly.

48. 5. Which of the following factors is depicted in the
excerpt from “The Wedding Dance”by Amador Daguio.
A. Culture B. Environment C. History
The mountain clearing was cold in the freezing
moonlight. The wind began to stir the leaves of the
bean plants. Lumnay looked for a big rock on which
to sit down. The bean plants now surrounded her,
and she was lost among them.

49. Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if
otherwise.
1. Literary selections give us a clear picture of our
forefather’s way of life, their beliefs, and ideals.
2. History can facilitate or discourage interactions
among people.
3. Novels, stories, and poems are some examples
of literary selections.

50. 4. Literary selections inform us about
life of people, country, and
institutions.
5. Environment can influence people’s
behavior, mood, and motivation.