21st Century Lit: Lesson 1 This is an enhanced ppt presentation. Some part of the slides are not mine (spongebob bground), I have downloaded them also here. Thanks for the original maker. Feel free to download and use in your lessons, my co-educators! God bless! :D

1. PENPILIPEH

2. RATTLERUIE

3. MISOMSDINE

4. LONIALOC

5. MONTECARPORY

6. Review: (Mind-mapping) State and enumerate your thoughts
and ideas about Philippine literature together with your group.
Then, let students explain their work afterwards. (5grps)
Philippine Literature
Each group will be assigned to different ways of presenting their work.
Group 1 – Classroom setting (Teacher with students)
Group 2- News Report (televised)
Group 3- Movie lines
Group 4- TV Advertisement
Group 5- Sing It! (choose your tune)

7. Ask the students the following questions?
1. How did you find our activity?
2. Through the given ideas of each group,
how would you define Philippine
literature?
3. Do you have any favorite Philippine
literary piece/s? Cite some.

8. Hugot time

9. Analysis
1. What did you feel in this activity?
2. What can you say about the hugot
lines?
3. Are Hugot Lines connected with
Philippine literature? How?

10. 21st
Century
Literature

11. Literature
• Is a body of written works.
• Originated from oral traditions.
• Are imaginative works.
• Deals with stories and poetry.
• The content depends on the
author.

12. 21st
Century
Literature

13. Three Points of Literature
• Literature portrays human
experience.
• Authors interpret these human
experiences.
• It is an art form and a style of
expression.

14. The
Three
Literary
Periods

15. BC-1564
The
Pre-Colonial
Period

16. ThePre-ColonialPeriod
• This existed before the
Spanish occupation in the
1500s.
• It is oral in nature and is full of
lessons and ideas about life, its
blessings, and its
consequences.
• It contains ideas from birth to the grave.

17. ThePre-ColonialPeriod
• The oral characteristic of pre-colonial
literature gives the possibility for many
alterations.
• In the Philippine context, no matter how
it may be considered as altered, pre-
colonial literature is still revered toby
many Filipinos.
• The sources are usually the local native
town folk.

18. Forms
1.Oral Literature
a.Riddles
b.Proverbs
2. FolkSongs
a. Lullabies
b. DrinkingSongs
c. LoveSongs
d. SongsofDeath
e. ReligiousSongs
3.Folk Tales
a.Myths
b.Legends
c.Fables
d.Epics

19. Riddles (Mga Bugtong)
• These are statements that contain superficial
words, but they function figuratively and as
metaphors, and are in the form of questions.
• These are questions that demand
deeper answers.
• Deals with everyday life.
• It usually has mundane things as answers.
• This is used in the past as a form of game in small
or large gatherings.

20. Examples:
Bisaya
Baboy sa lasang, (Awild pig of the forest,)
Ang tunok puro lansang. (Is covered with
spikes.)
Answer: Nangka (Jackfruit)

21. Examples:
Meranaw
Sominub lawiyan, (It dived,)
Mbowat lawitan. (It rose.)
Answer: Ragum (Needle)

22. Examples:
Chabacano
Tagia que tagia, (You keep on slashing it,)
Hende ta penetra. (But it does not penetrate)
Answer: Agua (Water)

23. Proverbs (Mga Salawikain)
• These are statements that are considered
as wise.
• These are usually given by parents or elders
of the community.
• There is belief that experience is
the best teacher.

24. Examples:
Mandaya on Viriginity
Yangataog aw madugdug, (An egg once
broken,)
Di da mamauli. (Will never be the same.)

25. Examples:
Tausugon SecretAffairs Ilocano on Guilt
In lasa iban uba, (Love
and cough,)
Di hikatapuk. (Cannot
be hidden.)
Ti agutak, (He who
cackles
Isut nagitlog. (Laid
the egg.)

26. FolkSongs
• These are folk lyrics that are usually
chanted.
aspirations, hopes, everyday life
• These usually contain ideas on
and
expressions of love for lovedones.
• It is bounded by the learning of good
morals.
• It is easy to undestand because it is
straightforward and not figurative in
nature.

27. Forms
• Lullabies- these is locally known as the Hele.
These are sung to put to sleep babies. The
content varies, but usually, parents sing these
with ideas on how hard life is and how they hope
that their child will not
experience the hardships of life.
• DrinkingSongs- theseare locally known asTagay and are
sung during drinking sessions.

28. • Love Songs- to many Filipinos, these
are known as the Harana. It can also be
called Courtship Songs and are used by
young men to capture the heart of the
girl that theylove.
• Religious Songs- are songs or chants that are usually given
during exorcisms and thanksgiving during goodharvest.
• Songs of Death- are lamentations that contain the roll of
good deeds that the dead has usually done to immortaliz his
or her goodimage.

29. Examples:
Lullabies
Ilocano
Maturog, duduayya
Maturog kad tay bunga,
Taylalaki nganapigsa
Tainton dumakkel tay bunga,
Isunto ayatay mammati
Tayamon aibagame.
Go to sleep, dear little one
Will my child please sleep,
This strong boy
Sowhen the child grows big
Hewill obey
Everything that wesay.

30. FolkTales(Mga KwentongBayan)
• Theseare stories of nativeFilipinos.
• These deal with the power of nature-
personified, their submission to a deity-
usually Bathala- and how this deity is
responsible for the blessings and
calamities.
• Thesealso tackle about irresponsibility, lust, stupidity,
deception, and fallibility that eventually leads to the instilling
of goodmorals.

31. Usual Themes:
needed to appease the• Ceremonies
deities.
• Pre and Post apocalypse
• Life and Death
• Godsand Goddesses
• Heroes and Heroines
• Supernatural beings
• Animals

32. Forms
• Myths- these tackle the natural to strange
occurences of the earth and how things were
created with an aim to give an explanation to
things.
-There is Bathala for the Tagalogsand the
Gueurang for the Bikolanos.
- Paradise is known asMaca, while Hell is
Kasanaaan

33. • Legends-
understood
through
mysteries
legends,
around
the
them.
natives
These stories usually come with a moral
lesson that give credit to supernatural
powers, supernatural occurences, and
other out-of- this-world native
imagination.

34. • Fables-are short or brief stories that cater the children of
the native
Filipinos and are usually bounded by good manners and
right conduct. These stories use animals as characters that
represent a particular value or characteristic.
• Epics- are very lengthy narratives that are based on oral
traditions. These contain encounters of fighters,
stereotypical princes or heroes that save a damsel in
distress.

35. Examples:
Myths TheStory of Bathala
AngPag-aawayng Dagatat Langit
Legends TheLegendof Maria Makiling
TheLegendof the Sampaguita
Fables AngKunehoat andPagong
SiJuan Tamad
Epics Hinilawod
Darangen

36. 1521-1898
The
SPANISH
Period

37. TheSpanish Period
• The start of the Philippine's more colorful history
took place in March 6, 1521 when Ferdinand
Magellan docked on the shores of Homonhon.
• TheFilipinos were then called “Ladinos”, meaning
they were latinized.
• Filipinos were called two things. Oneis the “Taga-Bayan”, while the other is
the “Taga-bukid” or “Taga-bundok”.
• Aperson who is aTaga-bayanis considered urbane and civilized and were in
easyrange of the church andstate.
• Aperson who is a Taga-bundok or Taga-bukid is called a Bruto Salvage (Savage
Brute) or Indio and were the ones who lived far from the center of the
Spanish power.

38. Forms
1. ReligiousLiterature 2. Secularor
Non-Religious Literature
a. Pasyon
b. Senakulo
c. Komedya
a. Awit
b. Korido
c. ProseNarratives
3. PropagandaLiterature 4. Revolutionary Literature

39. ReligiousLiterature
• Revolves around the life and the death of
Jesus Christ.
Formsof ReligiousLiterature:
Pasyon-it is about the passion (journey and suffering) and the death of Jesus
Christ.
Senakulo-it is the re-enctment of thePasyon.
Komedya- it depicts the European society through love and fame, but can also
be a narrative about a journey, just like Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It is
also considered religous, because it usually depicts the battle between the
Christians and the Saracensor the Moros.

40. Secularor Non- Religious Literature
• Revolvesaround tales of valiance andadventure.
Formsof Secularor Non-ReligiousLiterature:
Awit- these are tales of chivalry where aknight savesaprincess. Florante at
Laura is agood example.
Korido-is ametrical tale or atale that follows the struture ofapoem.
Prose Narratives- are easy to understand instructional materials that in a
literary light that teaches Filipinos on proper decorum. Pagsusulatan ng
Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza(1864) is agood example.

41. Propaganda Literature
• These were in the forms of satires, editorials, and
news articles that aimed to attack the Spanish
Rule.
• The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr.
Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and
Graciano LopezJaena.
Examples
GracianoLopez Jaena
Ang Fray Botod- One of his works written in Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six years after
the Cavite Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines. He exposed how some
of the friars were greedy, ambitious andimmoral.

42. LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and
EVERYTING IS HAMBUG (Everything is mere show)-
the tragedy of marrying aHere Jaena explains
Spaniard.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
KAIINGAT KAYO(Be Careful)- a humorous and sarcastic dig in answer to Fr. Jose
Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona in 1888. He used
Dolores Manapat aspen-name here.
DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes)- similar to a cathecism but
sarcastically done agains the parish priests, published in Barcelona in 1888.
Because of this, del Pilar was called “filibuster.” Done in admirable tone of
supplication and excellent useof Tagalog.

43. ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS (God’sGoodness)-
published in Barcelona, it was also like a
cathecism sarcastically aimed against the
parish priests but also contains a philosophy of
the power and intelligence of God and an
appreciation for and love for nature.
Dr. Jose Rizal
NOLI ME TANGERE- his was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda
movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain. In this book, he
courageously exposed the evils in the Spanish-run government in the
Philippines.

44. Revolutionary Literature
• are exposesthat sparked revolution and
resistance in the hearts of Filipinos.
Examples:
Andres Bonifacio
KatungkulangGagawinngmgaAnakngBayan(Obligations of ourCountrymen)
– an outline of obligations just like the TenCommandments, hence, it is likewise
calledAngDekalogo.
AngDapat Mabatid ngmgaTagalog(What the Tagalogsshould Know) – an
essayoutlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s ideas onnationalism.

45. Examples:
Emilio Jacinto
Liwanagat Dilim (Light and Darkness) – a
collection of essayson different subjects like
freedom, work, faith, government and love of
country.
Apolinario Mabini
El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina (The Rise and Fall of the
Philippine Republic) – this essay highlights the establishment of the
Philippine republic and its subsequent doom due to disunity among the
Filipinos.

46. Examples:
Dr. Jose Rizal
ElFilibusterismo– This is a sequel to the NOLI. Whilethe
NOLI exposed the evils in society, the FILI exposed those in
the government and in the church. However, the NOLI has
been dubbed the novel of society while that of FILI is that of
politics.

47. Publications
ElHeraldo dela Revolucion(Herald of theRevolution)
– printed the decrees of theRevolutionary
Government, news and works in Tagalogthat arousednationalism.
Thisis the Official Newspaper of the RevolutionaryGovernment
of Aguinaldo.
LaIndependencia(Independence) – an independent newspaper founded and
edited by GeneralAntonio Luna.
LaRepublicaFilipina (The Philippine Republic) – aprivate newspaper edited by
Pedro Paterno.
LaLibertad(Liberty) – another private newspaper edited by ClementeZulueta.

48. 1900-1942
The
AMERICAN
Period

49. TheAmerican Period
• The Philippines had a great leap in
Education and Culture.
• The use of English alongside Filipino was practiced.
• The Philippines Public School
system was introduced.
• Free public instruction was given to the Filipinos.
• The literature during the American period was considered
as imitative of American model. Instead of asking the
students to write originals, students ended up following
the form ofAmerican poets.

50. Forms
1. Poetry- poetry under the American rule
still followed the style of the old, but had
contents that ranged from free writing to
societal concerns under theAmericans.
2. Drama- was usually used in the American period to degrade the
Spanish rule and to immortalize the heroism of the men who
fought under the Katipunan.
3.RemakeNovels- took up Dr. Jose Rizal's portrayal
of social conditions by colonial repression.

51. Poetry
JoseCorazon de Jesus(1832-1896) popularly known
as“Batute,” created his own generation with his first
book of poems.
Mga GintongDahon(1920)- were poems pre-occupied with such non-
insanity, and lover’straditional themes as passion-slaying, grief-induced,
suicide.
Sa Dakong Silangan (1928)- returned to the awit form, retelling the history of
Philippines under Spain, the coming of the U.S under the guise of friendship to
take over from Spain

52. Drama
Severino Reyes (1861-1942) – spearheaded a
movement to supplant the komedya with a new
type of drama, the sarsuwela, a Filipino
adaptation of the Spanishzarzuela.
Examples:
Walang Sugat (1902)- is a sarsuwela (drama in the form singing)
drawn from the period of Revolution, depicting the cruelty and
corruption of friars and the heroism of the soldiers of theKatipunan.

53. Other successful sarsuwelas:
HindiAcoPatay(1903) by JuanMatapang Cruz
Kahapon, Ngayonat Bukas(1903) byAurelio
Tolentino- is an allegorical presentation of the
history of the nationalist struggle and how the
U,S.frustrated the Philippine revolution.
Tanikalang Guinto (1902) by Juan Abad (1872-
1932)- is about Liwanag and K’Ulayaw, lovers who stand for
freedom and the Filipino.

54. Remake Novels
Gabriel BeatoFrancisco(1850-1935)- is best known
for his trilogy of Fulgencia Galbillo (1907),Capitan
Bensio (1907),Alfaro (1909), depicting the 30 yearsof colonial
repression by the Spanishrule.
Inigo Ed. Regalado (1888-1976)- Madaling Araw (1909) was his first novel
showing the complex interrelations of issues and people in contemporary
Philippine society.
JuanLauroArsciwals(1889-1928)- Lalaking Uliran o Tulisan (1914), allusion to
the colonial law that branded Filipino patriots asbandits.

55. 1941-1945
The
JAPANESE
Period

56. 1946- 1985
The
REPUBLIC

57. TheJapanesePeriodandthe Republic
• ThePhilippine literature cameinto ahalt.
• The use of the English language was forbidden, and
the use of the Filipino language was mandated
under the Japaneserule.
• For some this was a problem, but to most writers,
it wasablessing in disguise.
• Almost all news papers were stopped except for
some.
• Filipino literature was given a break during this
period. Many wrote plays, poems, short stories,
etc. Topics and themes were often about life in the
provinces.

58. Forms
1.Poetry
2.Fiction
3.Drama
4.Newspapers
5.Essays

59. Drama
Thedrama experienced alull during the
Japaneseperiod becausemovie houses showing
American films were closed. Thebig movie houses
were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays
were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.
Newspapers
Writings that came out during this period were journalistic in nature. Writers felt
suppressed but slowly, the spirit of nationalism started to seep into their
consciousness. While some continued to write, the majority waited for a better
climate to publish theirworks.

60. Poetry
Thecommon theme of most poems
duringthe Japaneseoccupation was
nationalism, country,
love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the arts.
Fiction
The field of the short story widened during the Japanese
Occupation. Many wrote shortstories.

61. Essays
Essays were composed to
glorify the Filipinos and at the
same time to figuratively attack
the Japanese.

62. LITERATURE
OF
THE PHILIPPINES
TODAY

63. 21stCenturyLiterature
In the 21st centruy Philippines, there are alot of
literary innovations that are adapted and created by
Filipinos. Nowadays, even those who do not haveany
significant literary background make their own way using the freedom
that they have to write and to express.
There are a lot of new forms from the basic genres of literature; thus,
proving how far the literature in the Philippines has gone and how far
it will go on fromhere.

64. END

65. Application
Group Activity (PT1)
Same set of 5 groups must creatively create a WEB
MAP about the importance of knowing and studying
the PHILIPPINE LITERATURE on a Manila paper/white
cartolina.
Rubrics:
Content (Importance explained) – 50
Creativity and Originality- 40
Cleanliness and Timeliness- 10
TOTAL: ----------- 100 pts.

66. QUIZ #1

67. DIRECTIONS:
Read the following carefully.
Then, write the letter of the
correct answer on your
answer sheet.

68. 1. What is said to be the
story of man?
A. Hugot lines
B. Literature
C. Riddles
D. Proverbs

69. 2. Which literature period is oral in
nature, full of lessons and the
sources are usually the native town
folk?
A.Pre-colonial
B.Spanish
C.American
D.Contemporary

70. 3. Which literature period where
religious, secular, propaganda, and
revolutionary literary pieces are
arising?
A. Pre-colonial
B. Spanish
C. American
D. Japanese&Republic

71. 4. Which of the following did NOT
happen during the Japanese and
The Republic period?
A.English language banned
B.Newspapers stopped
C.Filipino language mandated
D.Remake of novels

72. 5. Why is it important to know and study
Philippine literature?
A. Because it is needed to pass the subject.
B. Because it helps to enhance my reading
skills.
C. Because it is part of my culture and
heritage, I shall know and appreciate the past
and my roots.
D. Because it is about Filipinos.

73. References:
www.wheninmanila.com,
www.slideshare.net,
www.ungeek.ph