This document provides information about renewable energy and green technology course ERG 211. It includes details about recommended books, energy units, classification of energy sources, renewable and non-renewable energy, India's energy supply and demand trends, global and India's power installed capacity. It also discusses renewable energy targets in India, various government agencies and ministries responsible for energy, different renewable energy sources like wind, biomass, their advantages and limitations. Lastly, it covers energy management in agriculture including energy requirements and sources.
The document discusses the need to shift to alternative energy sources as fossil fuels are rapidly depleting. It summarizes that coal reserves will last 200 years, oil 20-30 years, and natural gas 40-70 years. Various alternative energy sources are mentioned that could be developed, including solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, tidal, biomass, and synthetic fuels. India has potential to develop hydro, wind, and solar power further to meet energy demands.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ajay Kumar for the partial fulfillment of a Master of Technology degree in power system engineering. It discusses renewable energy scenarios in India with a focus on solar energy. The report provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems and how they convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect discovered by Edmund Becquerel in 1839. It also acknowledges the guidance provided by the report's supervisor and others in its preparation.
The document discusses various energy sources including conventional, non-conventional, renewable, and non-renewable sources. It provides classifications of energy sources based on usability, transaction type, storage/cycling time, and traditional use. The major points are:
- Energy sources can be classified as conventional (fossil fuels, nuclear, hydroelectric), non-conventional (solar, wind, biomass), renewable (solar, wind, hydro, biomass), and non-renewable (fossil fuels, nuclear).
- In India, non-commercial sources like fuelwood make up half of total energy consumption, with over 50% of households dependent on traditional sources. Coal and oil reserves will
The document discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind power, hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, and bioenergy. It provides details on how each technology works, examples of implementation, and their contributions to energy production globally. Emerging technologies discussed include enhanced geothermal systems, marine energy, artificial photosynthesis, algae fuels, and solar aircraft. Overall the document serves as an introduction to mainstream and developing renewable energy sources.
Renewable Energy Sources in Tamilnadu by MATHANKUAMRMathankumar S
Renewable Energy Resources in TamilNadu ..... Need for Improvement ....Energy Crisis ............. Power Demand in TamilNadu .......... Need to Develop Power Resources............... Power Plants in TamilNadu ..... Electricity Sector in India ............. World Electricity Generation ------------- TamilNadu Electricity Status in the year of 2012 .................. Present Problems in Electric Generation .............. Findout the possibilities ..............
This document provides an overview of India's current energy scenario and renewable power targets. It discusses that as of 2016, renewable energy sources accounted for 28% of India's total installed capacity of 302 GW. However, per capita electricity consumption in India is still lower than many other countries. The document also outlines India's goal to increase renewable power capacity five-fold to 175 GW by 2022 in order to meet rising energy demand in a sustainable manner. Several challenges and opportunities for developing renewable resources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass are also examined.
FINAL SUBMITTED PAPER-TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURES AND THEIR APPLICATIONSNavneet Agarwal
This document discusses trends in renewable energy resources and their applications, specifically in developing countries. It provides an overview of various renewable resources like hydroelectric, biomass, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. The current dominance of fossil fuels is described along with projections that they will be depleted. Renewable resources are gaining importance due to benefits like energy price stability, reduced air pollution, protecting the climate, and providing unlimited supplies. Recent growth and investments in renewable energy are also discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to renewable sources.
The document discusses the need to shift to alternative energy sources as fossil fuels are rapidly depleting. It summarizes that coal reserves will last 200 years, oil 20-30 years, and natural gas 40-70 years. Various alternative energy sources are mentioned that could be developed, including solar, hydro, wind, geothermal, tidal, biomass, and synthetic fuels. India has potential to develop hydro, wind, and solar power further to meet energy demands.
The document is a seminar report submitted by Ajay Kumar for the partial fulfillment of a Master of Technology degree in power system engineering. It discusses renewable energy scenarios in India with a focus on solar energy. The report provides an overview of solar photovoltaic power systems and how they convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect discovered by Edmund Becquerel in 1839. It also acknowledges the guidance provided by the report's supervisor and others in its preparation.
The document discusses various energy sources including conventional, non-conventional, renewable, and non-renewable sources. It provides classifications of energy sources based on usability, transaction type, storage/cycling time, and traditional use. The major points are:
- Energy sources can be classified as conventional (fossil fuels, nuclear, hydroelectric), non-conventional (solar, wind, biomass), renewable (solar, wind, hydro, biomass), and non-renewable (fossil fuels, nuclear).
- In India, non-commercial sources like fuelwood make up half of total energy consumption, with over 50% of households dependent on traditional sources. Coal and oil reserves will
The document discusses various renewable energy technologies including wind power, hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, and bioenergy. It provides details on how each technology works, examples of implementation, and their contributions to energy production globally. Emerging technologies discussed include enhanced geothermal systems, marine energy, artificial photosynthesis, algae fuels, and solar aircraft. Overall the document serves as an introduction to mainstream and developing renewable energy sources.
Renewable Energy Sources in Tamilnadu by MATHANKUAMRMathankumar S
Renewable Energy Resources in TamilNadu ..... Need for Improvement ....Energy Crisis ............. Power Demand in TamilNadu .......... Need to Develop Power Resources............... Power Plants in TamilNadu ..... Electricity Sector in India ............. World Electricity Generation ------------- TamilNadu Electricity Status in the year of 2012 .................. Present Problems in Electric Generation .............. Findout the possibilities ..............
This document provides an overview of India's current energy scenario and renewable power targets. It discusses that as of 2016, renewable energy sources accounted for 28% of India's total installed capacity of 302 GW. However, per capita electricity consumption in India is still lower than many other countries. The document also outlines India's goal to increase renewable power capacity five-fold to 175 GW by 2022 in order to meet rising energy demand in a sustainable manner. Several challenges and opportunities for developing renewable resources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass are also examined.
FINAL SUBMITTED PAPER-TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURES AND THEIR APPLICATIONSNavneet Agarwal
This document discusses trends in renewable energy resources and their applications, specifically in developing countries. It provides an overview of various renewable resources like hydroelectric, biomass, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. The current dominance of fossil fuels is described along with projections that they will be depleted. Renewable resources are gaining importance due to benefits like energy price stability, reduced air pollution, protecting the climate, and providing unlimited supplies. Recent growth and investments in renewable energy are also discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to renewable sources.
Energy Sources, Origin of energy resources, Forms of energy, types of energy resources.
Farm Power, Farm Mechanization- introduction, benefits and advantages.
India ranked sixth in the world for total energy consumption. While India has significantly increased its installed power capacity, it is still not sufficient to meet growing demand. This growing demand and limited fossil fuel resources mean non-conventional and renewable sources of energy are important for India's future energy needs. The Indian government plans to increase renewable energy capacity to 175 gigawatts by 2022, including significant additions of solar and wind energy. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass accounted for about 16% of global energy consumption and are growing rapidly due to their environmental and financial benefits compared to fossil fuels.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources and focuses on biomass and biogas. It discusses the principles of biomass conversion including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion is the process of burning biomass to produce heat or power. Pyrolysis involves the thermal decomposition of biomass in an inert atmosphere to produce char, gases, and oils. Gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel called producer gas using a limited amount of oxygen. Biogas is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter like animal waste or plant biomatter and provides advantages like fuel production and organic fertilizer. However, intermittency and low energy density pose challenges for renewable sources.
The document discusses various energy resources and their use. It provides information on global and Indian energy consumption and installed capacity. It discusses different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, renewable resources like wind and solar energy, and emerging technologies like hydrogen fuel cells. It also covers topics like India's energy balance, installed wind capacity by Indian states, advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources, and problems due to overuse of non-renewable resources.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India. It provides an introduction to renewable energy and examples like sunlight, wind, and tides. It then discusses India's total installed capacity for various renewable sources as of 2018, including 25.21 GW of solar and 32,848 MW of wind power. The document also outlines India's hydroelectric capacity and leading plants, as well as biomass, geothermal, hydrogen, and tidal energy sources. It concludes with noting the importance of renewable energy knowledge for careers.
This document discusses renewable energy and sustainable development. It provides background on renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower, biofuels, and geothermal. It explains that renewable energy is important for sustainable development because conventional sources have environmental and social impacts. In addition, renewable sources like sunlight and wind can be replenished naturally. The document also gives a brief history of renewable energy development in India.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
This document discusses various sources of clean and renewable energy, including solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, and tidal energy. It provides details on how each type of energy works, global installed capacities, and applications. The conclusion emphasizes that a transition to clean energy sources is needed to meet growing power demand in a sustainable way. India has set targets to significantly increase renewable energy capacities by 2022 in order to encourage the use of clean energy.
The document summarizes the key points from Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy's presentation on sustainable energy utilization at SANGAM 2008 in Bangalore. It discusses India's current energy usage patterns and reliance on biomass in rural areas. It also outlines the potential for renewable sources like solar and wind in India given the country's suitable resources and growing energy demand. Specific strategies are proposed for non-governmental organizations to promote renewable energy adoption through community-level assessments, training, and demonstration projects.
1. The document discusses renewable energy sources and provides details about geothermal energy.
2. It describes how geothermal energy originates from the earth's core and is distributed throughout the crust. Temperature increases with depth below the earth's surface.
3. Technologies are available to extract geothermal energy resources, with dry steam sources being used to power turbines and generate electricity.
This document provides an introduction to different energy sources, including primary, secondary, and supplementary sources. It discusses conventional sources like coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy. It also covers non-conventional or renewable sources such as solar, wind, and tidal energy. Solar energy is identified as the largest non-conventional energy source. The document then summarizes hydroelectric power plants, including how they work by harnessing the kinetic energy of water to generate electrical energy using turbines and generators. Hydroelectric power is highlighted as a renewable and reliable source with low operating costs.
India has significant potential for renewable energy but faces challenges in fully realizing it. The document outlines India's present energy scenario and major renewable sources like wind, solar, biomass and small hydro. It emphasizes the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewables to address energy security, economic growth and climate change through innovative financing, mainstreaming renewables, and boosting development of renewable technologies.
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
This document summarizes research on renewable energy sources in India. It discusses India's growing energy demands and reliance on non-renewable sources like coal and oil. The Indian government is promoting a shift to renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. Solar power capacity in India reached 33.73 GW in 2019 and solar generated over 39,000 GWh that year. Wind power capacity is over 20 GW. Other renewable sources with significant potential include tidal, wave, small hydro, and new technologies like gravitricity and electricity from rain drops. The document provides statistics on installed capacities and generation from various renewable sources in India.
All natural energy on Earth comes from solar radiation, heat from the Earth's mantle, and gravity. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are limited, non-renewable sources that have formed from ancient organic matter over millions of years. Energy can also be generated renewably from solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass sources. Nuclear fission of uranium and thorium isotopes in the Earth's crust is another non-renewable source of energy. Hydrogen may become a sustainable energy source in the future.
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE GREEN ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTER AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED ON THE BASE OF FORMAT WHICH IS STANDARD AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES WHICH IS RENEWABLE SOURCES SO THIS USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Renewable energy sources by Arun Prasath & Dr.S.SelvaperumalArunPrasath235
This document outlines lecture notes on renewable energy sources. It covers five units: principles of solar radiation and how solar energy is collected and stored; applications of solar energy; wind energy and biomass; geothermal and ocean energy; and direct energy conversion. India has significant potential for renewable energy due to its large untapped resources and growing energy needs. The government has ambitious targets for renewable energy, including 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022. Currently, renewable sources account for around 10% of India's total installed energy capacity.
A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian PerspectiveIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of non-conventional energy sources in India. It begins with an introduction to energy and importance of developing renewable sources. It then defines conventional and non-conventional energy sources. The rest of the document discusses various non-conventional energy sources in detail, including solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, hydro energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and hydrogen energy and fuel cells. It provides information on how each type of energy is harnessed and current status in India.
The document discusses energy from the sun. It begins by defining energy and describing the different types. It then discusses the sun, noting its surface temperature of around 6,000 degrees Celsius. This high temperature causes it to emit heat and light. The document explains how sunlight can be converted into electricity through silicon photovoltaic cells. It also discusses the extraterrestrial solar radiation spectrum and the equation of time which is used to calculate the extraterrestrial radiation at any point in the year.
India has abundant solar energy potential from its average solar radiation levels and large land area. However, only about 12.5% of land, or 0.413 million square km, could theoretically be used for solar installations. If 10% of this was utilized, it could generate 8 million MW of solar energy per year, equivalent to 5,909 million tons of oil. Solar energy technologies include solar thermal technologies that use the sun's thermal energy, such as for heating water, and solar photovoltaic technology that converts sunlight directly to electricity using solar panels. A wide range of solar applications exist from large power plants to small home appliances.
Energy is required for economic development but consumption is increasing faster than renewable resources can be developed. Most energy currently comes from fossil fuels, which have significant environmental impacts and are unsustainable long-term. Energy can be classified as primary versus secondary, commercial versus non-commercial, and renewable versus non-renewable. India has ambitious targets for installing renewable capacity like solar, wind and biomass to transition away from non-renewable sources and reduce its environmental impact.
Energy Sources, Origin of energy resources, Forms of energy, types of energy resources.
Farm Power, Farm Mechanization- introduction, benefits and advantages.
India ranked sixth in the world for total energy consumption. While India has significantly increased its installed power capacity, it is still not sufficient to meet growing demand. This growing demand and limited fossil fuel resources mean non-conventional and renewable sources of energy are important for India's future energy needs. The Indian government plans to increase renewable energy capacity to 175 gigawatts by 2022, including significant additions of solar and wind energy. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass accounted for about 16% of global energy consumption and are growing rapidly due to their environmental and financial benefits compared to fossil fuels.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources and focuses on biomass and biogas. It discusses the principles of biomass conversion including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion is the process of burning biomass to produce heat or power. Pyrolysis involves the thermal decomposition of biomass in an inert atmosphere to produce char, gases, and oils. Gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel called producer gas using a limited amount of oxygen. Biogas is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter like animal waste or plant biomatter and provides advantages like fuel production and organic fertilizer. However, intermittency and low energy density pose challenges for renewable sources.
The document discusses various energy resources and their use. It provides information on global and Indian energy consumption and installed capacity. It discusses different types of energy resources including fossil fuels, renewable resources like wind and solar energy, and emerging technologies like hydrogen fuel cells. It also covers topics like India's energy balance, installed wind capacity by Indian states, advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources, and problems due to overuse of non-renewable resources.
The document discusses renewable energy sources in India. It provides an introduction to renewable energy and examples like sunlight, wind, and tides. It then discusses India's total installed capacity for various renewable sources as of 2018, including 25.21 GW of solar and 32,848 MW of wind power. The document also outlines India's hydroelectric capacity and leading plants, as well as biomass, geothermal, hydrogen, and tidal energy sources. It concludes with noting the importance of renewable energy knowledge for careers.
This document discusses renewable energy and sustainable development. It provides background on renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydropower, biofuels, and geothermal. It explains that renewable energy is important for sustainable development because conventional sources have environmental and social impacts. In addition, renewable sources like sunlight and wind can be replenished naturally. The document also gives a brief history of renewable energy development in India.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
This document discusses various sources of clean and renewable energy, including solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, geothermal, and tidal energy. It provides details on how each type of energy works, global installed capacities, and applications. The conclusion emphasizes that a transition to clean energy sources is needed to meet growing power demand in a sustainable way. India has set targets to significantly increase renewable energy capacities by 2022 in order to encourage the use of clean energy.
The document summarizes the key points from Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy's presentation on sustainable energy utilization at SANGAM 2008 in Bangalore. It discusses India's current energy usage patterns and reliance on biomass in rural areas. It also outlines the potential for renewable sources like solar and wind in India given the country's suitable resources and growing energy demand. Specific strategies are proposed for non-governmental organizations to promote renewable energy adoption through community-level assessments, training, and demonstration projects.
1. The document discusses renewable energy sources and provides details about geothermal energy.
2. It describes how geothermal energy originates from the earth's core and is distributed throughout the crust. Temperature increases with depth below the earth's surface.
3. Technologies are available to extract geothermal energy resources, with dry steam sources being used to power turbines and generate electricity.
This document provides an introduction to different energy sources, including primary, secondary, and supplementary sources. It discusses conventional sources like coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy. It also covers non-conventional or renewable sources such as solar, wind, and tidal energy. Solar energy is identified as the largest non-conventional energy source. The document then summarizes hydroelectric power plants, including how they work by harnessing the kinetic energy of water to generate electrical energy using turbines and generators. Hydroelectric power is highlighted as a renewable and reliable source with low operating costs.
India has significant potential for renewable energy but faces challenges in fully realizing it. The document outlines India's present energy scenario and major renewable sources like wind, solar, biomass and small hydro. It emphasizes the need to transition from fossil fuels to renewables to address energy security, economic growth and climate change through innovative financing, mainstreaming renewables, and boosting development of renewable technologies.
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
This document summarizes research on renewable energy sources in India. It discusses India's growing energy demands and reliance on non-renewable sources like coal and oil. The Indian government is promoting a shift to renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. Solar power capacity in India reached 33.73 GW in 2019 and solar generated over 39,000 GWh that year. Wind power capacity is over 20 GW. Other renewable sources with significant potential include tidal, wave, small hydro, and new technologies like gravitricity and electricity from rain drops. The document provides statistics on installed capacities and generation from various renewable sources in India.
All natural energy on Earth comes from solar radiation, heat from the Earth's mantle, and gravity. Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are limited, non-renewable sources that have formed from ancient organic matter over millions of years. Energy can also be generated renewably from solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass sources. Nuclear fission of uranium and thorium isotopes in the Earth's crust is another non-renewable source of energy. Hydrogen may become a sustainable energy source in the future.
THIS REPORT IS BASED ON THE GREEN ENERGY ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTER AND THIS REPORT IS PREPARED ON THE BASE OF FORMAT WHICH IS STANDARD AND THIS REPORT ALSO CONTAINS DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES WHICH IS RENEWABLE SOURCES SO THIS USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Renewable energy sources by Arun Prasath & Dr.S.SelvaperumalArunPrasath235
This document outlines lecture notes on renewable energy sources. It covers five units: principles of solar radiation and how solar energy is collected and stored; applications of solar energy; wind energy and biomass; geothermal and ocean energy; and direct energy conversion. India has significant potential for renewable energy due to its large untapped resources and growing energy needs. The government has ambitious targets for renewable energy, including 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022. Currently, renewable sources account for around 10% of India's total installed energy capacity.
A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian PerspectiveIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of non-conventional energy sources in India. It begins with an introduction to energy and importance of developing renewable sources. It then defines conventional and non-conventional energy sources. The rest of the document discusses various non-conventional energy sources in detail, including solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, hydro energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, and hydrogen energy and fuel cells. It provides information on how each type of energy is harnessed and current status in India.
The document discusses energy from the sun. It begins by defining energy and describing the different types. It then discusses the sun, noting its surface temperature of around 6,000 degrees Celsius. This high temperature causes it to emit heat and light. The document explains how sunlight can be converted into electricity through silicon photovoltaic cells. It also discusses the extraterrestrial solar radiation spectrum and the equation of time which is used to calculate the extraterrestrial radiation at any point in the year.
India has abundant solar energy potential from its average solar radiation levels and large land area. However, only about 12.5% of land, or 0.413 million square km, could theoretically be used for solar installations. If 10% of this was utilized, it could generate 8 million MW of solar energy per year, equivalent to 5,909 million tons of oil. Solar energy technologies include solar thermal technologies that use the sun's thermal energy, such as for heating water, and solar photovoltaic technology that converts sunlight directly to electricity using solar panels. A wide range of solar applications exist from large power plants to small home appliances.
Energy is required for economic development but consumption is increasing faster than renewable resources can be developed. Most energy currently comes from fossil fuels, which have significant environmental impacts and are unsustainable long-term. Energy can be classified as primary versus secondary, commercial versus non-commercial, and renewable versus non-renewable. India has ambitious targets for installing renewable capacity like solar, wind and biomass to transition away from non-renewable sources and reduce its environmental impact.
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Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
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Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
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1. ERG 211 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND
GREEN TECHNOLOGY (1+1)
Dr. S. JOSHUA DAVIDSON
Professor
Agrl. College and Research Institute
Kumulur
2. Books
S. Pugalendhi, R. Shalini, J. Gitanjali and P. Subramanian.
2017. Introduction to Renewable Sources of Energy.
TNAU, Coimbatore
G.D. Rai. 2012. Non-conventional Energy Sources.
Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Energy & Units
Ability to do work
Joule (J) - unit of energy
1 Watt = 1 Joule per second
1 calorie (Cal) = 4.184 J
1 watt hour = 3,600 J
1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 1 unit = 3.6 MJ
1 kg of oil equivalent = 11.6 kWh
Kilo = thousand
Mega = million
4. Major energy supply and demand trends
India’s per capita energy consumption
- 30% of the world’s average
- 0.44 tonnes of oil equivalent [toe] per capita versus
the global average of 1.29 toe
India’s energy system is largely based on the use of coal
for power generation, oil for transport and industry, and
biomass for residential heating and cooking.
In 2017, India’s total primary energy supply (TPES) was
882 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe), with nearly
2/3rd being covered by domestic production (554 Mtoe).
5. Major energy supply and demand trends
Industry accounted for the largest share of India’s total
final consumption (TFC), followed by the residential
sector, transport and the service sector including
agriculture.
The sources of electricity production such as coal, oil,
and natural gas have contributed to one-third of global
greenhouse gas emissions.
India is responsible for nearly 6.65% of total global
carbon emissions, ranked fourth next to China (26.83%),
the USA (14.36%), and the EU (9.66%).
7. Power installed capacity in India
Fuel MW % of Total
Total Thermal 2,30,701 62.8%
Coal 1,98,495 54.2%
Lignite 6,760 1.7%
Gas 24,937 6.9%
Diesel 510 0.1%
Hydro (Renewable) 45,699 12.4%
Nuclear 6,780 1.9%
RES* (MNRE) 86,759 23.5%
Total 369,428
8.
9. Energy one of the major inputs
Economic development of any country
Developing countries - ever increasing
energy - requiring huge investments to
meet demand
Requirements for Energy
10. CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY
1. Primary and secondary energy
2. Commercial and non-commercial
energy
3. Renewable and non-renewable
energy
11. Primary energy sources
Primary energy sources are those that are either found or
stored in nature.
Common primary energy sources are coal, oil, natural gas,
and biomass (such as wood).
Other primary energy sources available include nuclear
energy from radioactive substances, thermal energy
stored in earth’s interior and potential energy due to
earth’s gravity.
Sources which provide a net supply of energy
The energy yield ratio is very high.
12. Secondary energy sources
These resources supplied directly to consumer for
utilization after one or more steps of transformation
Mostly converted in industrial utilities into secondary
energy sources; for example coal, oil or gas converted
into steam (Thermal) and electricity.
It can also be used directly. Some energy sources have
non-energy uses, for example coal or natural gas can be
used as a feedstock in fertilizer plants.
Produce no net energy.
14. COMMERCIAL ENERGY
Energy sources are available in the market for a definite
price - commercial energy
Commercial energy forms the basis of industrial,
agricultural, transport and commercial development in
the world. Examples: Electricity, lignite, coal, oil,
natural gas etc.
In the industrialized countries, commercialized fuels are
predominant source not only for economic production,
but also for many household tasks of general
population.
15. NON- COMMERCIAL ENERGY
Energy sources are not available in the commercial
market for a price are classified as non-commercial
energy (traditional fuels)
Example: Firewood, dried cow dung cake, agro waste,
wind energy, solar energy for water heating, electricity
generation and drying grain, fish and fruits, animal
power for transport, threshing, lifting water for irrigation
and crushing sugarcane and wind energy for lifting water
and electricity generation.
These are also called traditional fuels is often ignored in
energy accounting.
16. Resources can be renewed by nature again and again.
Their supply is not adversely affected due to rate of their
consumption.
Energy obtained from sources that are essentially
inexhaustible.
The most important feature is that it can be harnessed
without release of harmful pollutants.
Examples of renewable resources include solar, wind,
biomass, tidal and hydroelectric.
RENEWABLE ENERGY
18. Resources are available in certain quantity and cannot be
replenished
Once exhausted can never be returned to their original
form.
Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil fuels
such as coal, oil and gas, which are likely to deplete with
time.
Non-Renewable energy sources
19.
20. Classification of energy – Based on source
Direct source of energy
The direct sources of energy - release the energy directly
Indirect sources of energy
The indirect sources of energy do not release energy
directly but release it by conversion process.
21. India is aiming to attain 175 GW of renewable energy
by the year 2022.
100 GW from solar energy
60 GW from wind power
10 GW from bio-power and
5 GW from small hydropower plants
Significance of renewable energy
22. The GoI has launched a number of important energy
policy programmes along with four priority pillars:
energy access at affordable prices,
improved energy security and independence,
greater sustainability, and
energy efficiency.
Significance of renewable energy
23. Renewable energy achievements in India is 86760 MW
(MNRE, 2020), in which contribution through
Wind power 37,669 MW (43.4 %),
Solar power 34,406 MW (40 %),
Biomass power and Cogeneration 9861 MW (11%)
Waste to energy 140 MW (0.2%) and
Small hydro 4683 MW (5.4%)
Significance of renewable energy
24. Ministries responsibilities for energy
The Ministry of Power (MoP)
The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG)
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
The Ministry of Coal (MoC) and
The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
25. Government Agencies for Renewable Energy
MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy – 1992)
IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency -
1987)
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)
to achieve 1,00,000 MW by 2022
TEDA (Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency – 1984)
26. Wind energy
Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the earth
atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth’s
surface and rotation of the earth.
The terms wind energy or wind power describes the
process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical
power or electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for
specific tasks such as pumping water or a generator can
convert this mechanical power into electricity.
27. Biomass energy
Biomass is defined as renewable energy sources derived
from organic carbonaceous materials originating from
plants, animals and micro-organisms that contain energy
in a chemical form that can be converted into fuel.
Biomass energy is produced by green plants by
photosynthesis in the presence of sun light.
Biomass is the fourth largest source of energy and most
important fuel worldwide after coal, oil and natural gas.
28. Biomass energy
Biomass has an estimated annual potential of about 500
million tonnes which meets 33% of the primary energy
needs.
Conversion of biomass into energy is undertaken using
two main process technologies namely thermo-chemical
and bio-chemical.
Thermo chemical conversion process includes
combustion, pyrolysis and gasification where as
biochemical conversion process includes anaerobic
digestion and fermentation.
29. Other new and renewable energy sources
The other new and renewable sources of energy
include hydro, geothermal, tidal, wave and Ocean
Thermo Electric Conversion (OTEC).
31. Cumulative Achievements in Renewable Energy Programme/Schemes
in India upto February, 2020 (MNRE, 2020)
Sector
FY- 2019-20
Cumulative
Achievements
Target
Achievements
(April-Feb 2020)
(as on
29.2.2020)
I. Grid interactive power (Capacities in MWp)
Wind Power 3000.00 2043.28 37669.25
Solar Power - Ground Mounted 7500.00 5596.40 31980.70
Solar Power - Roof Top 1000.00 628.59 2424.94
Small Hydro Power 50.00 90.00 4683.16
Biomass (Bagasse) Cogeneration) 150.00 83.00 9186.50
Biomass (non- bagasse) Cogeneration) /
Captive Power
100.00 0.00 674.81
Waste to Power 2.00 1.50 139.80
Total 11802.00 8442.77 86759.16
II. Off-grid/Captive Power (Capacities in MWeq)
Waste to Energy 10.00 12.41 191.13
32. Advantages & Limitations of renewable
sources of energy
Inexhaustible, replenishable and abundant in nature
Reliable
Stabilized energy price
Eco-friendly
Free of pollution and costs
Mitigates greenhouse emissions such as carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
Creating new jobs in renewable energy industries
Limitations
Higher capital costs
Energy is unpredictable and inconsistent since depends on
the season
34. Energy management in agriculture
Importance of energy use in agriculture
Various energy sources available in farm are electricity,
human power, animal power, mechanical power through
tractors and power tillers
Proper selection of energy source for agriculture will
facilitate efficient farm operations and reduce cost of
production
Assessment of energy availability in the farm is very
important for make use of it effectively in the farm itself,
ex: biogas from dung
Utilization of renewable energy sources creates
environment friendly green energy system in agriculture
35. Sources of Energy in Agriculture
Sources Types Use in farm operations / agriculture
Direct sources Human labour Major driving source for all activities and
operations
Animal Bullocks for cultivation, animal dung for biogas
Biomass Cooking, water heating, drying and other
processing
Engines Prime mover for tractors/power tiller and also
for water pumping application through diesel
engines
Electricity Majorly water pumping for irrigation and
lighting loads in farms
Indirect sources Solar
Wind
Water
Drying of farm products, water heating,
electricity
Water pumping and electricity
Irrigation and water reuse