This document provides an overview of India's energy sector. It discusses that India currently meets 71% of its energy demand through domestic production, with 41% coming from thermal power plants. While renewable energy sources like solar, wind and biomass are growing, they still only make up a small portion of India's total energy mix. The document also outlines various government policies and initiatives that aim to increase renewable energy usage and reform the energy sector to better meet India's growing demand in a sustainable manner.

1. Presented By
Sachin Mewara
Manager-Instrumentation
Shree Mega Power
ENERGY SCENARIO

2. Contents
2
 What is Energy : Types
 Primary and Secondary energy
 Commercial and Non commercial energy
 Renewable and Non- Renewable
 World Energy Consumption
 Regional Energy Consumption
 Energy terms
 Conventional source of energy
 Energy and economics
 Commercial form of energy
 Global Energy Consumption
 Per Capita Energy Consumption
 Need to reform in energy sector
 Global Energy Crises
 Kyoto Protocol
 Energy Scenario in India

3. Contents
3
 Electricity Act 2003
 Energy Conservation Act 2001
 Future energy resource
 Renewable energy and sustainable development
 Renewable Energy in India
 Wind Energy
 Biomass Power Programme
 Small Hydro Plant
 Solar Power
 Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission
 Renewable Energy Policy Framework
 Research organization
 Conclusion

4. What is Energy : Types
4
 It is a ‘capacity to do work’
 In modern era people depend upon energy
 Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main
source of energy
 Energy can be classified into several types based
on the following criteria:
1. Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

5. Primary and Secondary energy
5
 Primary energy source are those that are either
found or stored in nature. Common primary sources
are Coal, natural Gases, Oil, Nuclear, Biomass etc.
 Primary energy sources are mostly converted in
industrial utilities in SECONDARY energy. Common
secondary energy are Electricity, Steam etc.

6. Commercial and Non commercial
energy
6
 The energy available in market for a definite price is
call commercial energy.
 Common Commercial energies are Coal, Electricity
and refined petroleum products.
 The energy, not available is commercial market is
called non commercial energy.
 Firewood, cattle dunk and agriculture waste comes
under this category.
 These kind of energy is often ignored in energy
accounting.

7. Renewable and Non-Renewable
energy
7
 Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources
that are essentially inexhaustible.
 Examples of renewable resources include wind
power, solar power, geothermal energy, tidal power
and hydroelectric power.
 Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil
fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are likely to
deplete with time.

8. World Energy Consumption
8

9. Regional Energy Consumption
9

10. Energy Terms
10
*Energy Intensity :
Total Primary Energy Consumption per Dollar of GDP.
It is an indicator to show how efficiently energy is
used in the economy.
* Reserve to Production ratio:
It is the ratio of energy reserve available to the energy
produced in current year. Expressed in terms of time
and indicator of life of reserve availability if
production continuous on same rate.

11. Conventional Source of Energy
11
 Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of
energy from longtime
 Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel
 Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant
 Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase
manifold
 Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country
 These resources are limited and must be conserve

12. Energy and Economics
12
 Energy is essential for Economic growth
 Economics growth is essential for country like India
 Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator
for Economics growth
 Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246
kwh/Year
 India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
 Economic growth of country is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita energy consumption

13. Commercial form of Energy
13
 Energy resource which is economical and technically
acceptable is known as commercial fuel
 i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become a
commercial fuel
 For sustainable growth, people look forward for new
available form of energy
 Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel
and have a future

14. Global Energy Consumption
14
 There is uneven pattern of energy consumption
in different country
 Developed country have a population of 20%,
use approx. 60% of the available resources
 Rate of growth in energy sector in developed
country is 1% to 2%, but in developing country
growth rate is 7 to 8%.

15. 15
684
680
3298
7081
7848
10720
13246
14030
9389
0 5000 10000 15000
India
Indonesia
China
Germany
Japan
Australia
USA
Sweden
United Arab Emirates
Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh)
Per Capita Energy
Consumption (kWh)

16. Need to reform in Energy sector
16
 Developing countries require substantial investments
in their power sectors to sustain economic growth
and reduce poverty
 Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
 Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
 Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon
emission

17. Global Energy Crises
17
 Global Energy requirement increases continuously
 Fuel resources are depleted
 Oil price increase continuously
 It put pressure on country economic
 Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil rich
country)
World oil and gas reserves are
estimated at just 45 years and 65
years respectively. Coal is likely to

18. Kyoto Protocol
18
 First legal international agreement on climate
protection
 It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas
emission
 Annex-B country must limit there emissions of GHG,
most notably CO2 from fossil fuel combustion
 Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2% on
1990 average (achieve goal by 2012)
 There is system for carbon credit
 It lack economic and environmental policy objective

19. Energy Scenario in India
19
 India is a seventh largest country and have a
population of 1.2 billion people
 To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector

20. Energy scenario in India
20
 41% of electricity generation from thermal power
plant.
 By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of
670 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet
only 71% of the expected demand.
 As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
 Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours
of electricity
 India ready to exploit renewable energy resources

21. Electricity ACT 2003
21
 Role of Government : National Electricity Policy and
tariff policy
 Rural electrification
 Splitting the structure: Genco, Transco and Discos
 Consumer protection
 Trading and market development
 Formation of Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
 Restructuring of State Electricity Board (SEB)
 Measures against theft of electricity
 Renewable energy utilization

22. Energy Conservation Act 2001
22
 much-needed legal framework and institutional
arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency
drive
 Energy auditing for designated consumer like energy
intensive industry, railway, commercial building,
Power Plant etc.
 Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
 Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances,
undertake promotional activity, prepare building

23. Future Energy Resources
23
 Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an
energy crisis in this century
 Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
 Due to lack of technology and economic
consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is
not possible
 Nuclear energy have a future
 Solar thermal plant, wind energy play a crucial role
to satisfy the energy demand

24. Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Development
24
 Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future”
 Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution,
acid precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction,
and emission of radioactive substances
 There is shortage of energy in near future
 more use of renewable energy sources and
technologies is one of the solution
 Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar
energy
 Research is going on to make renewable energy
economical
 Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it
help in national sustainable economic growth

25. Renewable Energy in India
25
 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
come in picture in 2006
 It work to increase the share of renewable energy
3.74
1.77 2.39
0.21
2.21
19.93
0
5
10
15
20
25
Output in GW

26. Wind Energy
26
 India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
 Costal region in southern part of India is one of the
best site of wind energy
 India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
 Wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing
renewable energy sector
 Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-
WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
 R&D and testing is done by C-WET

27. Biomass Power Programme
27
 Objective of harnessing grid quality power from
biomass
 Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and
jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce
energy
 Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a
potential of 5000 MW
 Biogas based generation in village using animal
waste

28. Small Hydro Plant
28
 Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
 Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
 It help to provide electricity in remote area
 Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
 AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT
Roorkee is work to design international level R&D
and testing facility

29. Solar Power
29
 With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India
have abundant solar potential
 Daily average solar energy incident over India varies
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
 National Solar Mission launch to encourage solar
energy

30. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission
30
 Launched on 11 January 2010
 It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected solar
plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application including 20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector
area
4. R&D and capacity building activities to achieve
grid parity by 2022

31. Renewable Energy Policy
Framework
31
 Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
 Financial Incentives, including for renewable
energy applications in rural areas
 Promoting private investment through fiscal
incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance
and remunerative returns for power fed into the
grid.
 Finance for renewable energy: IREDA

32. Research ORGANIZATION
32
 Solar Energy Centre
 Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
 AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
 IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency)
 SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
 NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic
Research and Education), IIT Bombay
 Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT

33. Conclusion
33
 India, one of the stable economic country depend
upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand
 To make future brighter India gear up to utilize
renewable resources
 Still the share of renewable energy is not significant
 Various renewable energy mission launch by
government of India
 Growth of renewable sector show that still in future
thermal plant is a main source of energy.
 Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal
power plant in future

34. THANK YOU
34