The document discusses different forms of energy including radiation, chemical, potential, kinetic, thermal, mechanical, and electrical energy. It also covers renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy as well as non-renewable fossil fuels. The key points are that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, and various technologies can harness different energy sources and convert them to useful forms.

1. ENERGY: FORMS AND
CONVERSION
EE404 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES I

2. OBJECTIVES
Describe the general aspects of Energy Conversion
Identify the different types and sources of energy and how it is
converted from one form to another (Law of Conservation of
Energy)

3. INTRODUCTION
 ENERGY is the capacity to do work
 ENERGY is all around us:
 You can hear energy as sound.
 You can see energy as light.
 You can feel it as wind.

4. FORMS OF ENERGY
 There are seven main forms of energy, namely:
 Radiation
 Chemical
 Potential
 Kinetic
 Thermal
 Mechanical
 Electrical

5. RADIATION
 Radiation from the sun contains energy, and also the radiation from a light or a fire.

6. CHEMICAL ENERGY
 Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
 Examples:
 Food
 Chemical Batteries
 Biomass
 Fuels

7. POTENTIAL ENERGY
 Potential Energy is the energy associated by the system’s position.

8. KINETIC ENERGY
 Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an object because it is in motion.

9. THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY
 Thermal energy is a type of power produced by atomic and molecular particle movement within a
substance.
 This form of energy is indicated by temperature.

10. MECHANICAL ENERGY
 Mechanical Energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.
 Mechanical Energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy.

11. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
 Electrical Energy is energy derived as a result of the movement of electrically charged particles. When
used loosely, electrical energy refers to the energy that has been converted from electric potential
energy.
 It is the most commonly used form of energy.

12. SOURCES OF ENERGY
 Energy sources partly correspond to the energy forms but not entirely.
 Energy sources could be classified as Renewable and Non-renewable.
 Renewable Sources:
 Solar Energy
 Wind Energy
 Biomass and Biofuels
 Hydroelectric Energy
 Geothermal Energy
 Ocean Energy
 Non-renewable Sources:
 Fossil Fuels

13. SOLAR ENERGY
 SOLAR ENERGY is simply the light and heat that come from the sun.
 They can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as:
 Photovoltaic Cells
 Solar thermal technology

14. WIND ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY describes the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or
electricity.

15. BIOMASS AND BIOFUELS
 BIOMASS ENERGY refers to the crops, residues, and other biological materials that can be
used as a substitute for fossil fuels in the production of energy and other products.

16. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
 HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such
as water flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity.

17. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY is the heat that comes from the sub-surface of the Earth.

18. OCEAN ENERGY
 OCEAN ENERGY refers to all forms of renewable energy derived from the sea.

19. FOSSIL FUELS
 FOSSIL FUELS were formed from the fossilized, buried remains of plants and animals that lived
millions of years ago.

20. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY STATES THAT “energy can be neither created nor destroyed.
 It can only be converted from one form to another.
 In 1905, Albert Einstein said that mass and energy can be converted into each other.
 He showed that if the matter is destroyed, energy is created, and if energy is destroyed mass is created.
E = mc2

21. ENERGY CONVERSION