The Civil War ended in April 1865 with the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. The terms of surrender were generous to the defeated Confederate soldiers. The war caused immense social, political, economic and technological changes in the United States and resulted in over 600,000 casualties between the Union and Confederate armies. Just five days after Lee's surrender, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer.

1. End of the Civil War
Mr. Palmer / US History

2. Total War
 March, 1864: Lincoln appoints Ulysses S. Grant
commander of all Union armies
 Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman as
commander of the military division
 Both men believed in waging total war
 Strategy was to decimate Lee’s army in Virginia while
Sherman raided Georgia

3. Sherman’s March
 Spring 1864: Sherman begins march southeast through
Georgia towards the sea
 Burned houses, killed livestock, destroyed railroads
 Goal: to make Southerners sick of war
 Created a wide path of destruction; burned most of
Atlanta
 Reached the ocean, then turned North to help Grant
“wipe out Lee”

5. Surrender at Appomattox
 April 9, 1865: Lee and Grant met at a small private house
in a Virginia town called Appomattox Court House
 Lee and the Confederacy surrender
 The terms were generous:
 Soldiers were paroled and sent home with their belongings
and three days’ worth of rations
 Officers allowed to keep side arms
 Within a month, all remaining Confederate resistance
collapsed
 Civil War lasted for four long years

6. Surrender at Appomattox

7. Effects
 Caused tremendous political, economic, technological and
social change in the United States
 Death toll: 360,000 Union soldiers; 260,000 Confederate
soldiers
 Economically, Civil War widened gap between North and
South
 Technologically, introduced advanced weaponry and
vehicles
 Rifle, minié ball, ironclad ship
 Last old-fashioned war, first modern war

8. Thirteenth Amendment
 Emancipation Proclamation: Only freed slaves in the
Confederate states
 Thirteenth Amendment: Abolished all slavery and
involuntary servitude
 “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime wherof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States”

9. Lincoln is Assassinated
 Five days after Lee surrendered to Grant, Lincoln and his
wife went to Ford’s Theatre to watch a play
 During the third act, a man crept up behind Lincoln and
shot him in the back of the head
 Shot by John Wilkes Booth, a Southern sympathizer
 First presidential assassination ever

10. Country Faces Two New Problems
 1. How to restore Southern states to the Union
 2. How to integrate about 4 million slaves into national life