The document discusses the growing differences between the Northern and Southern states leading up to the Civil War. The North had become more industrialized and urbanized, relying on manufacturing, industry, and immigration. In contrast, the Southern economy was based almost entirely on agriculture and slave labor, with most people living on farms or plantations. These economic and demographic differences created increasing tensions between free and slave states over issues like the Missouri Compromise and the expansion of slavery into new territories, putting the Union in peril.

1. THE UNION IN PERIL
Mr. Palmer / US History

2. Review: Missouri Compromise

3. 1860: Slave States vs. Free States

4. North vs. South
• North and South had developed into two very different
regions
• Southern states were dependent on slavery
• This created tension between the two regions

5. Geography
North
• Rocky, hilly and infertile
land; made farming difficult
• Forests provided timber for
shipbuilding
• Rivers ran down most
mountains into the Atlantic;
transported goods
• Waterfalls provided
waterpower for factories
South
• Climate very good for
agriculture
• Very good farmland
• Many broad, slow moving,
navigable rivers

6. Population
North
• 1800-1860: Population
grew from 5 million to 19
million
• Massive immigration
• Most of them settled in
the North
South
• Made up mostly of
Europeans and enslaved
Africans
• 1860: population reached 12
million
• 1/3 of population was slaves
• 25% of population owned
slaves

7. Cities
North
• Cities served as:
• Centers of commerce/trade
• Hubs of manufacturing
• Crowded and dirty;
improved after 1830’s
• Became centers of art,
culture and education
• More and more people
began to live in cities
South
• Most people lived on
farms
• Industries and towns
developed at a slower
pace
• Plantations were so large
and spread out; they were
like mini-towns

8. Economy
North
• Agriculture was difficult
• Many different industries
• Manufacturing developed
quickly
South
• Based on agriculture
• Cash crops: sold and
exported for profit
• Cotton gin revolutionized the
cotton industry
• Slave labor was essential to
the prosperity of the
Southern economy

9. Transportation
North
• 1860: 88,000 miles of
surfaced roads
• Canals were a huge
improvement
• Eerie Canal in New York
South
• Products could be sold to
distant markets
• 1860: 10,000 miles of
railroad spread across the
South
• Steamboats moved crops
to the north and European
markets