This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure) and its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines hypertension as a blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg and identifies factors that can lead to primary (essential) hypertension in 90-95% of cases, like increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Symptoms of hypertension are often vague. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise, smoking cessation, and stress management as well as prescription drugs like diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers to control blood pressure. Patient education focuses on understanding the condition, preventative measures, lifestyle changes, medication management, and the importance of follow up.
HY FRIENDS
THIS IS A SHORT PIECE OF INFORMATION ABOUT HYPERTENSION. ALL THAT IS NEEDED TO BE KNOWN BY A GRADUATE IS INCLUDED.
LET ME KNOW IF YOU LIKED THE PRESENTATION OR NOT
REGARDS
ANUGRAHA RAJAN
What is hypertension, Definition of hypertension, Classification of hypertension, pathophysiology of hypertension, Signs and symptoms of hypertension, Risk factors of hypertension, Causes of hypertension, Differential diagnosis of hypertension, Medications of hypertension, Different class of medications for hypertension, Patient education for hypertension
A presentation hypertension
(what blood pressure is, what is hypertension, what are the risk factors of hypertension, how is it managed?) and other related knowledge on hypertension
HY FRIENDS
THIS IS A SHORT PIECE OF INFORMATION ABOUT HYPERTENSION. ALL THAT IS NEEDED TO BE KNOWN BY A GRADUATE IS INCLUDED.
LET ME KNOW IF YOU LIKED THE PRESENTATION OR NOT
REGARDS
ANUGRAHA RAJAN
What is hypertension, Definition of hypertension, Classification of hypertension, pathophysiology of hypertension, Signs and symptoms of hypertension, Risk factors of hypertension, Causes of hypertension, Differential diagnosis of hypertension, Medications of hypertension, Different class of medications for hypertension, Patient education for hypertension
A presentation hypertension
(what blood pressure is, what is hypertension, what are the risk factors of hypertension, how is it managed?) and other related knowledge on hypertension
A complete presentation about all-aspects of the Alzheimer's disease, including Patho Physiology, Treatment, Nursing Management, Prevention, Disease Overview, Clinical Manifestation, etc.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
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Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
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O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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2. Blood pressure BP
Blood pressure (BP) is the measurement of the pressure
or force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls.
• The Normal BP is < 120/ 80 mmHg
Hypertension/ HTN
• Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure >140
mmHg and a diastolic pressure of > 90 mmHg
• High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood
pressure that is higher than normal
• High blood pressure is often called the “silent killer” most
often it is asymptomatic
3. Factors Affecting Blood Flow
The variables affecting blood flow and blood pressure in the
systemic circulation are :
• Cardiac output,
• Compliance,
• Blood volume
• Blood viscosity
• Length of blood vessels
• Diameter of the blood vessels
• Gravity,
• Activity
4. Regulation of BP
Involves following process
1. Sympathetic nervous system
• Baroreceptors ( α adrenergic and β adrenergic receptors in carotid artery
2. Cardio-vascular system
• CO/Cardiac out put
• Vascular Endothelium have vasoactive substance and growth factors cause
vasoconstriction & vasodilation
3. Renal system
• RAAS (Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) BP by retaining sodium and water
• ACE (angiotensin I converting Enzyme)
• ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide
• BNP (b-type natriuretic peptide)
4. Endocrine system
• Renal cortex (aldosterone and ADH)
• Renal medulla (epinephrine and nor epinephrine)
7. Types Of Hypertension
Primary or Essential
Hypertension:
• Primary hypertension is
elevated BP without
identified causes
• Accounts for 90% to 95% of
all cases of hypertension
Causes: Exact cause is
unknown,
Contributing factors include:
• Increase SNS activity,
Hyperaldosteronism
• Vasoconstrictor,
• obesity,
• diabetes mellites,
• lack of exercise,
• Smoking, alcohol
consumption
• aging,
• unhealthy eating habits
9. Secondary Hypertension :
• High blood pressure, with a specific cause that can be
and
corrected. Contributed 5% to 10% of all cases
Causes:
• CHD; Coarctation of aorta or narrowing of aorta
• Renal disease; renal artery stenosis and parenchymal disease
• Endocrine disorders; hyperaldosteronism
• Neurological disorders; brain tumors, head injuries
• Sleep apnea
• Medication; contraceptive pills, NSAID, recreational drugs – such
as
cocaine and amphetamines,
• Antidepressant (SSNRI) selective serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake
inhibitor
• Pregnancy
12. Collaborative Therapy
1. Monitoring BP
2. Lifestyle modification
3. Drug therapy
4. Teaching
Periodic monitoring of BP
• To determine effectiveness of
antihypertensive drugs
• To detect any change in BP
• Home BP monitoring
• Ambulatory, if needed
• Every 3—6 months by a health care
provider once BP is stabilized
Lifestyle modification
• DASH eating plan
• Plenty of fluids, fruits & vegetables
• Increasing fibers
• Several serving of fish each week
• Restrict
• Sodium
• Cholesterol & saturated fat
• Maintain adequate intake of
• calcium, potassium & magnesium
• Reduce weight
13. • Physical Activity
• Regular & moderate aerobic activities
at leas 30 min/ day
• Walking /brisk waking, jogging and
swimming
• Quit smoking
• Moderation of alcohol consumption
• Stress management to reduce
time urgency, impatience & hostility
• Relaxation therapy
• Guided imagery
• Biofeedback
14. Drug Therapy
• Calcium Channel blockers (CCB)
• Angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE inhibitors)
• such as captopril
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
• metoprolol (Lopressor: Toprol® XL), valsartan (Diovan)
• Diuretics, including,
• thiazides, chlorthalidone, & indapamide
• Vasodilators.
• Beta blockers and alpha blockers
Propranolol, Atenolol / Carvedilol
• Central agonists/ central alpha antagonist (brain stem)
• Clonidine, methyldopa
15. Types of Drugs Actions Example
1. Diuretics Promote water & sodium excretion
Reduce plasma volume
Reduce vascular response to catecholamines
• thiazides, chlorthalidone,
& indapamide
02. Adrenergic inhibitors
Central antagonists
Beta and Alpha antagonists
Diminished CNS effect that increase BP
Centrally acts on vasomotor center (brain stem,
cerebellum), to inhibit norepinephrine release
Peripherally
To block the adrenergic receptors on blood vessels
Relaxed the vascular smooth muscles & reduce SVR
• Beta- antagonists
Propranolol, Atenolol
• Alpha antagonist
Carvedilol
03. Calcium Channel Blocker
CCBs
Increase sodium excretion & arterial vasodilation
Prevent movement of EC calcium into cells
Amlodipine, nifedipine
04. ACE Inhibitors Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Mediated vasoconstriction
Reduce water retention
Captopril
05. ARBs Inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Prevents angiotensin II from binding to its receptor in
the walls of blood vessels
metoprolol (Lopressor®;
Toprol® XL), valsartan
(Diovan)
Dug Therapy
16. Patient’s Teaching
• Acknowledge about disease process
• No cure for HTN, but can be controlled
• Possible complications
• CVA, Stroke etc
• Preventive measure
• BP monitoring and recording
• Training for operating monitoring devices
• Lifestyle modification
• Diet
• Exercise
• Stress free environment
• Medication
• Effects
• Side effects
• Regular follow up
• Family role in managing a pt with HTN
