The document discusses various theories of emotion. It describes somatic theories which claim that bodily responses are essential to emotions. The James-Lange theory argues that emotional experience is due to bodily changes. Cognitive theories view emotions as involving cognitive appraisals and judgments. Neurobiological theories see emotions arising from structures in the limbic system of the brain like the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Situated perspectives view emotions as influenced by one's environment and observations of others.

1. DR. JAMES Malce ALO
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2.  are the various bodily feelings associated
with:
 Mood – temporary state of mind
 Temperament – to behave angrily/emotionally
 Personality – characteristics/qualities that form
individual’s distinctive character
 Disposition –inherent qualities of mind & charact
 Motivation – general desire/willingness to do
 Hormones –regulatory substance produced>
tissues> stimulate specific cells
 such as dopamine, nor-adrenaline, and serotonin.
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3. Emotions are defined as feeling
states with physiological, cognitive,
and behavioral components (Carlson &
Hatfield, 1992).
Strong emotions arouse the
autonomic nervous system (Gomez et al,
2005).
The greater the arousal the more
intense the emotion.
It also appears that the type of
arousal affects the emotion being
experienced.
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4.  might seem to be about feeling and not
about thinking,
 cognitions-particularly interpretations of the
meanings of events--are important aspects of
emotions.
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5.  refers to temporary sensation usually to
acknowledge reward usually used to indicate
emotional expression, i.e., the external
observed expression of emotion.
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6. 1: The Body – physical structure of a
person
2: The Mind- element of a person
that enable them to be aware of the
world
3: The Culture- cumulative deposit
of knowledge, experience, beliefs,
values, attitudes, meanings,
hierarchies, religion, and notions.
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8.  Cognitive" versus "non-cognitive" emotions [2]
 Instinctual emotions (from the amygdala),
versus cognitive emotions (from the
prefrontal cortex)
 Universal emotions recognized cross-
culturally based on research on identification
of facial expressions
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9. Adequate Stable Assured Able
Capable Certain Charmed Cheerful
Comfortable Compassion Satisfied Confidence
Determined Enthusiastic Excited Sympathy
Elation Empathy Excellent Love
Glad Good Great Happy
Hopeful Joyful Inspired Interested
Pleasure Positive Peaceful Pleasant
Powerful Pride Surprised Relaxed
A. + Human Emotions
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10. B. (-) Human Emotions
Annoyed Anxious Apprehensive Shocked
Anger Anxiety Apathy Bored
Confused Competitive Depressed Destructive
Disgusted Distracted Doubtful Disappointed
Stress Exhausted Embarrassment Envy
Frustrated Fear Guilty Concerned
Grief Panic Hesitant Hostile
Ignored Impatient Indifferent Pressured
Tired Uncomfortable Uneasy Sad
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11. 1. Somatic theories
2. Cognitive theories
3. Situated perspective on emotion
4. Neurobiological theories
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12.  claim that bodily responses, rather than
judgments, are essential to emotions.
 John Cacioppo, António Damásio, Joseph
E. LeDoux and Robert Zajonc who are
able to appeal to neurological evidence.
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13.  William James, in the article "What is an
Emotion?", argued that emotional experience
is largely due to the experience of bodily
changes.
 Carl Lange also proposed a similar theory at
around the same time, so this position is
known as the James–Lange theory.
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14.  Lazarus' theory is very influential; emotion is
a disturbance that occurs in the following
order:
 1.) Cognitive appraisal—The individual
assesses the event cognitively, which cues
the emotion.
 2.) Physiological changes—The cognitive
reaction starts biological changes such as
increased heart rate or pituitary adrenal
response.
 3.) Action—The individual feels the emotion
and chooses how to react.
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15. For example: Jenny sees a snake.
1.) Jenny cognitively assesses the snake in
her presence, which triggers fear.
2.) Her heart begins to race faster.
Adrenaline pumps through her blood
stream.
3.) Jenny screams and runs away
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16.  emotions are about something or have
intentionality
 that the quality and intensity of emotions
are controlled through cognitive
processes.
 These processes underline coping
strategies that form the emotional
reaction by altering the relationship
between the person and the environment.
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17.  arguing that bodily responses are central to
emotions, yet it emphasizes the
meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that
emotions are about something perceive.
 bodily changes themselves perceive the
meaningful content of the emotion because
of being causally triggered by certain
situations.
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18.  suggests that emotions are influenced and
caused by events which in turn influence
attitudes and behaviors
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19.  argued that the emotion arises first and
then stimulates typical behavior.
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20.  Singer–Schachter theory
 the combination of the appraisal of the
situation (cognitive) and the participants'
reception of adrenaline or a placebo
together determined the response.
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21.  Emotions are identified with the overall
process whereby low-level cognitive
appraisals, in particular the processing of
relevance, trigger bodily reactions,
behaviors, feelings, and actions.
 regards emotions more broadly as the
synchronization of many different bodily and
cognitive components.
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22.  Situationist perspective on emotion views
emotion as the product of an organism
investigating its environment, and
observing the responses of other
organisms.
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23.  Based on discoveries made through neural
mapping of the limbic system, the
neurobiological explanation of human
emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or
unpleasant mental state organized in the
limbic system of the mammalian brain
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24. Limbic system –responsible for controlling various
functions in the body. Structures of this system
include the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and
thalamus
 Fig.
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25. 
Components of successful emotional
coping:
1) Awareness of the situations that trigger
stress;
2) Recognition of developing stress;
3) Availability/access to and use of coping
strategies.
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26.  Display Rules
 When, where, and how emotions are to be
expressed or when they should be squelched.
 Body Language
 The nonverbal signals of body movement,
posture and gaze that people constantly
express.
 Emotion Work
 Acting out an emotion we do not feel or
trying to create the right emotion for the
occasion.
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27. “All emotions are pure which gather you
And lift you up; that emotion is
Impure which seizes only one side
Of your being and distorts you.”
- Rainer Maria Rilke
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