This document outlines the steps for developing an effective emergency response and preparedness (ERP) plan. It discusses forming a safety committee, assessing hazards, developing emergency procedures, training staff, and evaluating and updating the plan. Key elements of an ERP include conducting vulnerability assessments, establishing chain of command, training emergency response teams, implementing alarm and communication systems, installing suppression systems, planning evacuations, and designating emergency medical facilities. The goal of an ERP is to minimize impacts of emergencies by protecting lives and property through preparedness and coordinated response.

1. KAS3501 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS (ERP)
GROUP 14
•NAZIRA BT DINAN UK29571
•SHAZLINEENA AZURA BT ABDUL RASHID UK29572
•NOOR HAYA’A BT SEHAN UK29638
•WONG YEE MUN UK29652
•‘AYUNI SYAIRAH BT MANAS UK30005

2. INTRODUCTION
• Emergencies can create a variety of hazards
for workers in the impacted area.
• Preparing before an emergency incident plays
a vital role in ensuring that employers and
workers have the necessary equipment, know
where to go, and know how to keep
themselves safe when an emergency occurs.

3. • ERP provide information on how to prepare
and train for emergencies and the hazards to
be aware of when an emergency occurs.
• To help employers, safety and health
professionals, training directors, and others,
the OSHA requirements for emergencies are
compiled and summarized in ERP booklet.

4. PURPOSE OF ERP
(a) To assess current programs to develop, implement
and maintain a program to mitigate, prepare for, respond
to and recover from disaster and emergency
(b) A municipal emergency response plan specifies
procedures for handling sudden unexpected situations.
The objective is to reduce the possible impact of the
emergency by:
- Meeting legal and social responsibilities
- Preventing fatalities and injuries
- Reducing damage to buildings, stock, and equipment
- Accelerating the resumption of normal operations

5. STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING
Step 1 : Form a Health and Safety Committee
Establish a team to coordinate emergency planning and
preparedness activities
An existing health and safety committee can take on this
responsibility.
The committee may also want to consider including outside
organizations. These might include the Local Emergency Planning
Committee (LEPC), Emergency medical services (EMS), fire
department and Malaysian Red Cressent.
Step 2 : Develop and implementing emergency response plans.
ERP is a detailed written document that explains what emergencies an
organization is likely to face, and WHO will do WHAT during a particular
situation.
A chain of command should be established.

6. STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING
Writing the plan begins with assessing what measures are already in place and
procedures by reviewing documents and seeing what has been put into operation.
Check available resources to review the strengths of the facility’s internal and
external resources.
1. Internal resources include:
 First aid/CPR supplies and trained
personnel
 Fire extinguishers and other firefighting
equipment
 Heavy equipment available on-site
 Available shelters/ability to shelter in-
place
 Transportation equipment
 In-house emergency response teams
 Sprinkler and alarm systems and
 Security systems and personnel.
2. External resources
include:
Fire department
Police department
Emergency medical services
(EMS)
Emergency response teams
(ERTs) or hazardous materials
(HazMat) response teams

7.  Research what laws apply to the facility.
 Review any existing documents related to the facility’s preparedness:
 Alarms and fire suppression systems
 Building diagrams and plans
 Evacuation routes
 Roles of key personnel
 Housekeeping practices
 A list of hazardous materials used and/or stored in the workplace and
 Information on hazardous chemicals (MSDS)
 Walk through the facility to see what preparations have actually been put in
place.
 Any differences between is in written documents and what is actually occurring
in the workplace should be noted
STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING

8. STEP 3 : Train All Staff
 Every employee needs to know details of the emergency action plan, including
evacuation plans, alarm systems, reporting procedures for personnel, shutdown
procedures, and types of potential emergencies.
 Additional training is needed
• When need equipment, materials or processes are introduced,
• When the layout or design of the facility changes,
• When procedures have been updated or revised
• When exercises show the employee performance is inadequate.
 At a minimum, the training should include:
 An overview of the emergency action plan
 Review of the evacuation procedures and routes for each section of the
workplace
 Practice drills of emergency evacuation and
 Basic first aid
STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING

9.  Drills should be held at random intervals, at least annually, and should include
outside police and fire authorities.
 Drills will lessen confusion and panic should an emergency situation take place.
 The drills should reflect the actions taken for different types of emergencies (fire,
tornado, earthquake, depending on the vulnerability analysis).
STEP 4 : Address Needs Following an Emergency
 Physical and psychological effects
 The plan must specify what steps will be taken to ensure that all injured staff receive
immediate first aid and follow-up medical care including any physical rehabilitation
that might be necessary as the result of injuries.
 Counseling services are essential parts of responding to overcome severe emotional
and psychological effects on victims.
STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING

10.  Financial support and services
 The plan should identify resources that are available to affected workers such as:
 Workers compensation
 Social services that can provide food,, shelter or other needs
 Federal aid if the area is declared a national disaster area.
 Workplace operations
 Process recovery so that operations can continue
 e.g. contingency plans should be developed for having back up systems to protect
documents, computer files and other critical data.
STEP 5 : Evaluate and Modify the Plan
 The committee should review the plan on periodic basis and after practice drills to make
sure it reflects the current work situation.
 Names and numbers as well as emergency contact need to be kept current.
 Any renovations in floor plans must be reviewed to see the impact of emergency action
and evacuation plans.
STEPS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING

11. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF ERP
Vulnerability assessments
Chain of command
Emergency respond teams
Alarms and communication systems
Suppression systems
Evacuation planning
Emergency medical facility

12. Vulnerability assessments
 Find hazard pose to threat specific enterprise (List of hazards)
E.g Emergency planner determine facility may pose to hazard or toxic .
Important sources of information
 Records of past incidents
Occupational experience
Knowledge for both technological (physical or physical) and natural hazards by consulting with
external organization (fire department, eng. Consultants, govern. Departments.
Chain of command
Employer designate ER coordinator and bad a back up coordinator.
Coordinator drawn from management ranks-engineering manager, safety manager or
environmental compliance manager.
Duties of the coordinator and employer include :
Determining what emergencies may occur and seeing that emergency procedures are
developed to address each situation.
Directing all emergency activities including evacuation of personnel.
Ensuring that outside emergency services are notified when necessary.
Directing the shutdown of plant operations when necessary
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR ERP

13. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR ERP
Emergency respond teams (ERT)
First lines of defense in emergencies.
ERT members trained for potential crises and physically capable handle
their duties
Team members need to know about toxic hazards in workplace and be
able to judge when to evacuate personnel or when to rely on outside
help
One or more teams must be trained in:
Use various types of fire extinguishers
First aid, including CPR.
Blood borne pathogens risk
Shutdown procedures
Chemical spill control procedures
Search an emergency rescue procedures
Hazardous materials ER.

14. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR ERP
Alarms and communication systems
In situation requiring evacuation, let all occupants know how they must
leave the building
Describe to the workers the alarm system used-Occupants must know
which alarm means to evacuate.
Alarm must be both seen and heard, be an effective means to notify
individuals with disabilities.
Suppression Systems
Suppression systems are designed to put out fires.
Not all suppression system suited for every situation.
Most common are automatic water-based sprinkler systems (many
different kinds) and dry chemical (CO2) systems
These may be connected to a detention/alarm system or may be separate
The systems must be inspected and tested on annual basis to ensure it will
work.

15. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR ERP
Evacuation planning
Employee should know the type and function of evacuation in carrying out the
plan (partial or complete evacuation)
The goal is to evacuate people and move resources (equipment, supplies,
inventory) out of threatened areas.
Determine and identify designated of refuge or safe areas for evacuation in plan.
Should establish methods of warning employees and customers.
Maps indicating evacuation routes from buildings and the facility site is important.
Escape routes must meet the following criteria:
There are enough exits
Exits are not blocked
Exits are clearly marked (many emergency situations involve smoke and fire that
make it difficult to see.
The routes wide enough to accommodate number of occupants of building
Exit lead to public thoroughfare
Escape routes not cause more danger (area where hazardous materials stored)
Secondary routes are available in case primary route is blocked

16. IMPORTANT ELEMENTS FOR ERP
Rescue and emergency medical facility
Employer find out medical facilities closest to them
Certain cases need to have emergency medical and rescue services on site, for
example:
Employers in remote areas.
High security situations
Employers with high hazard operations.
It may help to coordinate an emergency action plan with the outsider responders
(fire department, hospital emergency room, EMS providers)

20. The ways in emergency planning
1. Identifying hazard and the risk
-The types, hazard magnitude, and the risks will determining the Emergency Response
Plan.
2. Re-evaluate the existing Emergency Response Plan
-Taking into account the ability and the resources such as finance, expertise and training.
3. Determining objective and planning scope
- To facilitate the development of plan through specific procedure

21. 4. Choose the suitable type of Emergency Response Plan
The types of Emergency Response Plan according to the hazard types:
-Fire Action Plan
-Liquid and Gas Explosion Action Plan
-Electric Emergency Action Plan
-Toxic Chemical Spillage Action Plan
-Natural Disaster Action Plan
-Land and Buildings Collapse Action Plan
Emergency Action Plan Classification
Emergency Response Plan in site
 Emergency Response Plan off-site

22.  The Emergency Response Plan in site
- To control and prevent the incident spread to outside of the site.
 The Emergency Response Plan off-site
- To address the spread of accidents and impacts on rural area and the
surrounding environmental
- A competent person must be hired to provide and update the off-site plan
Off-site services of Emergency Response Plan
- Fire Department and Rescue
- Hospital Team
- Police and Public Action Team

23.  The characteristics to classify the emergency:
- The cost of damage and loss
- Severity of the accident
- Level of accident
- Time to act to overcome the accident
- The number of emergency response teams
• Specify the general responsibility
- The leader is Emergency Response Coordinator (Organization Officer)

24. 5. Specified Emergency Action Operation
- Make a flow chart to determine all activities that might be happen after emergency
incident
6. Write the plan
- The document must be practical and consistent
- Hired writing leader and the members
- The writing leader must be experienced and expert person
- The second party must be allowed to recheck and give comment on the writing plan

25. Emergency Planning Issues
1. No basis for establishing emergency response plan
-Ad-hoc planning, reactive to accident, no accurate and comprehensive planning, and lack of
employer’s support.
2. Plans developed without revision
- Loss of time and money
- Final planning draft must be show-off and get feedback from others employees.
3. Failure to integrate Emergency Response Plan
- Do not take into account the overall organization management plans

26. 4. Failure to implement the plan
- Employers and management teams play important role in ensuring the planning
is carried out
5. Planning in hasty rush
-Should be gradual, carefully and steadily
-There are better fail in planning than fail in implementing
6. Fail to establish the whole planning objective
-Too focus on a particular issues

27. PRACTICUM
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
• Workplace evacuation procedures required when the workplace
has the potential to harm or interfere with emergency control.
• Evacuation is required in the event of :
 fire
 toxic spill
 flutter toxic substances (chemicals and radiantion) and biohazard in
the ventilation system
 a bomb threat
 avalanche danger

28. FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURE
• Providing appropriate equipment installation and fire fighting
equipment
• Proper installation of the system in accordance with the
standards and guidelines of the fire and rescue department.
• Documented and practice fire fighting procedures. These
procedures include evaluate different types of fires and fire
fighting.
• Fire fighting training equipment.
• Maintenance of fire-fighting systems and equipment.

29. Fire class combustion media to fire extinguished
Fire class Fire type Example fuel Fire fighting media
(type of fire
extinguishers)
Class A Solid Wood, cloth, paper Water spray, dry powder
(AB), foam
Class B Liquid Oil, chemical solvents,
rubber, plastics
Foam, dry powder (AB
atau BC), carbon dioxide,
water spray
Class C Electric Electric Dry powder, carbon
dioxide
Gas @ steam Butane, LPG, propane,
ammonia, asetelena
foam, dry carbon dust
(BC), water spray.
Class D Metal and nonmetal potassium, sodiuum,
magnesium, sulfur
Dry powder, dust
graphite, phosphorus
soda ash, dry sand.

30. CONCLUSION
• As conclusion, difference between the incidents is on the
readiness and efficiency of emergency response teams to
deal with emergencies that occur. Preparation includes that
preparation of a comprehensive emergency response plan,
completed by the organization, team and individual with the
necessary equipment and training. All this is provided on
condition that the employer and the organization plans to
develop the plan and support it with adequate funding and
resources.

31. Reference List
• Bahari, I. (2006). Pengurusan keselamtan dan
kesihatan pekerjaan.pg201-205.
• Ronaidi, N. N., (2012). Emergency Response
Planning and Implementation [Power Point
Slide]. Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/NikRonaidi/emergency