The ARM architecture is a RISC instruction set developed by ARM Holdings. It originated in 1980 and was first used in the BBC Micro home computer. ARM licenses its chip designs and architecture to manufacturers who customize and produce ARM-based chips. ARM chips are widely used in smartphones, tablets, smart TVs and other embedded devices due to their low power consumption. The ARM instruction set comes in 32-bit and 16-bit versions and supports various operating systems including Android, iOS, Windows and Linux distributions.

1. 1TMT H E A R C H I T E C T U R E F O R T H E D I G I T A L W O R L D
The ARM Processor

2. 2TM 239v10 The ARM Architecture
Submitted by –
Pradipta Roy
Sidhartha Rajak
Santanu Mondal

3. 3TM 339v10 The ARM Architecture
 ARM – Acorn RISC Machine/Advanced RISC Machine
 Family – RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
 Designer – ARM Holdings.

4. 4TM 439v10 The ARM Architecture
History
 Invention Year – 1980
 First Processor – BBC Micro Series
 Personal Use for Acorm Computer -> Business Market
 Acrom Computers -> ARM Ltd.

5. 5TM 539v10 The ARM Architecture
RISC
 RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
 A reduced instruction set computer is a computer which
only use simple instructions that can be divide into
multiple instructions which perform low-level operation
within single clock cycle, as its name suggest “REDUCED
INSTRUCTION SET”

6. 6TM 639v10 The ARM Architecture
RISC
 RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
Let we take an example of multiplying two numbers
A = A * B; <<<======this is C statement
LOAD R1, A <<<======this is assembly statement
LOAD R2,B <<<======this is assembly statement
PROD A, B <<<======this is assembly statement
STORE R3, A <<<======this is assembly statement

7. 7TM 739v10 The ARM Architecture
RISC
 RISC – Advantages.
•Each instruction requires only one clock cycle to execute,
the entire program will execute in approximately the same
amount of time as the multi-cycle “MULT” command.
•These RISC “reduced instructions” require less transistors
of hardware space than the complex instructions, leaving more
room for general purpose registers. Because all of the
instructions execute in a uniform amount of time (i.e. one
clock)
•Pipelining is possible.
•Less Transistor = Reduced cost,low Heat & Power consumption.

8. 8TM 839v10 The ARM Architecture
ARM Powered Products

9. 9TM 939v10 The ARM Architecture
ARM Partnership Model

10. 10TM 1039v10 The ARM Architecture
Licence
 Perpetual (Implementation) License.
 Term License .
 Per Use License.

11. 11TM 1139v10 The ARM Architecture
Data Sizes and Instruction Sets
 The ARM is a 32-bit architecture.
 When used in relation to the ARM:
 Byte means 8 bits
 Halfword means 16 bits (two bytes)
 Word means 32 bits (four bytes)
 Most ARM’s implement two instruction sets
 32-bit ARM Instruction Set
 16-bit Thumb Instruction Set
 Jazelle cores can also execute Java bytecode

12. 12TM 1239v10 The ARM Architecture
Processor Modes
 The ARM has seven basic operating modes:
 User : unprivileged mode under which most tasks run
 FIQ : entered when a high priority (fast) interrupt is raised
 IRQ : entered when a low priority (normal) interrupt is raised
 Supervisor : entered on reset and when a Software Interrupt
instruction is executed
 Abort : used to handle memory access violations
 Undef : used to handle undefined instructions
 System : privileged mode using the same registers as user mode

13. 13TM 1339v10 The ARM Architecture
The Registers
 ARM has 37 registers all of which are 32-bits long.
 1 dedicated program counter
 1 dedicated current program status register
 5 dedicated saved program status registers
 30 general purpose registers

14. 14TM 1439v10 The ARM Architecture
Data processing Instructions
 Consist of :
 Arithmetic: ADD ADC SUB SBC RSB RSC
 Logical: AND ORR EOR BIC
 Comparisons: CMP CMN TST TEQ
 Data movement: MOV MVN
 These instructions only work on registers, NOT memory.

15. 15TM 1539v10 The ARM Architecture
Marketing
 2005 – 90% Mobile Phone Processor Was ARM.
 2010 – 95% Smart Phone, 35% Digital Television & Set-top Boxes.
 2011 – Most Widely Used Arc. (32bit) in all Mobile phone & ES.
 2013 – 10 Billion(1000 Crore) ARM Based Devices Produced.
 2015 – 47 Billion (4700 Crore) ARM Based Chip Produced.

16. 16TM 1639v10 The ARM Architecture
64-bit ARM
 2012 – ARM Cortex A53 & A57.
 2013 – Apple Developed First 64-bit Smartphone iPhone 5S(ARM v8) .
 2014 – Google Nexus 9 (NVDIA TEGRA KI Processor).
 2015 – Lenovo P90 (Intel 64-bit Atom).

17. 17TM 1739v10 The ARM Architecture
OS Support
 First 32-bit ARM Based Processor – Arthur OS

18. 18TM 1839v10 The ARM Architecture
Embedded OS

19. 19TM 1939v10 The ARM Architecture
Android & iOS

20. 20TM 2039v10 The ARM Architecture
XL & Lumia OS

21. 21TM 2139v10 The ARM Architecture
BlackBerry OS

22. 22TM 2239v10 The ARM Architecture
Ubuntu Touch OS

23. 23TM 2339v10 The ARM Architecture
Symbeian OS

24. 24TM 2439v10 The ARM Architecture
Desktop OS Debian

25. 25TM 2539v10 The ARM Architecture
Desktop OS - FreeBSD

26. 26TM 2639v10 The ARM Architecture
Desktop OS - Fedora

27. 27TM 2739v10 The ARM Architecture
Desktop OS - Open Suse