1) What is an E-mail
2) What is an E-mail System.
3) Basic parts of E-mail System.
4) Client Software.
5) Message Store.
6) Message Transport.
7) Management System.
8) Gateways.
E-mail is a method for exchanging digital messages electronically between an author and recipients. It allows transmission of text, files, photos, audio and video. Major email providers include Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, and AOL. E-mail works on a store-and-forward model, with the sender's message stored on a mail server and forwarded through internet and satellite links to the recipient's mail server. Key aspects of e-mail include the address format of username@domain, mail servers that act as electronic post offices, and advantages like low cost and speed versus disadvantages like potential for viruses and spam.
Electronic mail, or email, allows digital messages to be exchanged across computer networks like the Internet. Email systems rely on email servers to accept, forward, deliver, and store messages on behalf of users. An email consists of a header containing sender/recipient addresses and other metadata, and a message body. Standards like SMTP and MIME allow emails to be transmitted and support attachments. Key differences from physical mail include near-instant delivery, lower cost, and less physical effort required.
Web-based email, also known as webmail, refers to email services accessed through a web browser rather than an email client. Some popular webmail providers include Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and Hotmail. Webmail has advantages like accessibility from any internet-connected computer and not taking up disk space like desktop email clients. However, webmail also has disadvantages like needing an internet connection to access emails and not allowing the use of desktop email clients. Desktop email clients have advantages like always being able to access emails with just an internet connection and being able to use multiple computers without compromising the ability to see all messages. But desktop email clients also have disadvantages such as taking up disk space and not providing built-in virus protection.
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)MDSHABBIR12
Brief detail about pop3 and Electronic Mail. In this presentation, I describe the post office protocol and Electronic Mail.
1. History of Post Office Protocol.
2. Advantage and Disadvantage of postoffice protocol.
Electronic mail (email) allows transmission of messages over communication networks to a recipient. It contains text, files, images or other attachments. Key features include attachments, address books, support for different file types (MIME), quick delivery, and security. An email address contains a local part and domain name separated by @. A mail user agent (MUA) or email program allows a user to send and receive email by downloading messages to their computer or accessing web-based accounts.
Webmail allows access to email from any computer with an internet browser but requires an internet connection. Mail clients are installed on personal computers, don't require an internet connection but can only be accessed from that computer. Webmail is accessible from anywhere but uses more bandwidth for attachments while mail clients allow customization but take up hard drive space. The best option depends on individual needs - webmail is best for accessibility while mail clients are better for personal computer use.
Web services allow for the exchange of data between applications via open protocols and standards on the internet or private networks. Key components of web services include SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL. E-mail and online chat are examples of web services that enable communication. E-mail provides a free and easy way to send messages globally but can also lead to misunderstandings and suck up time. Online chat refers to real-time text messaging between participants and aims for quick responses. In conclusion, web services have the potential to facilitate business transactions but performance may be affected by bandwidth limitations.
E-mail is a method for exchanging digital messages electronically between an author and recipients. It allows transmission of text, files, photos, audio and video. Major email providers include Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, and AOL. E-mail works on a store-and-forward model, with the sender's message stored on a mail server and forwarded through internet and satellite links to the recipient's mail server. Key aspects of e-mail include the address format of username@domain, mail servers that act as electronic post offices, and advantages like low cost and speed versus disadvantages like potential for viruses and spam.
Electronic mail, or email, allows digital messages to be exchanged across computer networks like the Internet. Email systems rely on email servers to accept, forward, deliver, and store messages on behalf of users. An email consists of a header containing sender/recipient addresses and other metadata, and a message body. Standards like SMTP and MIME allow emails to be transmitted and support attachments. Key differences from physical mail include near-instant delivery, lower cost, and less physical effort required.
Web-based email, also known as webmail, refers to email services accessed through a web browser rather than an email client. Some popular webmail providers include Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and Hotmail. Webmail has advantages like accessibility from any internet-connected computer and not taking up disk space like desktop email clients. However, webmail also has disadvantages like needing an internet connection to access emails and not allowing the use of desktop email clients. Desktop email clients have advantages like always being able to access emails with just an internet connection and being able to use multiple computers without compromising the ability to see all messages. But desktop email clients also have disadvantages such as taking up disk space and not providing built-in virus protection.
Pop (post office protocol)e mail (electronic mail)MDSHABBIR12
Brief detail about pop3 and Electronic Mail. In this presentation, I describe the post office protocol and Electronic Mail.
1. History of Post Office Protocol.
2. Advantage and Disadvantage of postoffice protocol.
Electronic mail (email) allows transmission of messages over communication networks to a recipient. It contains text, files, images or other attachments. Key features include attachments, address books, support for different file types (MIME), quick delivery, and security. An email address contains a local part and domain name separated by @. A mail user agent (MUA) or email program allows a user to send and receive email by downloading messages to their computer or accessing web-based accounts.
Webmail allows access to email from any computer with an internet browser but requires an internet connection. Mail clients are installed on personal computers, don't require an internet connection but can only be accessed from that computer. Webmail is accessible from anywhere but uses more bandwidth for attachments while mail clients allow customization but take up hard drive space. The best option depends on individual needs - webmail is best for accessibility while mail clients are better for personal computer use.
Web services allow for the exchange of data between applications via open protocols and standards on the internet or private networks. Key components of web services include SOAP, UDDI, and WSDL. E-mail and online chat are examples of web services that enable communication. E-mail provides a free and easy way to send messages globally but can also lead to misunderstandings and suck up time. Online chat refers to real-time text messaging between participants and aims for quick responses. In conclusion, web services have the potential to facilitate business transactions but performance may be affected by bandwidth limitations.
The document summarizes how email works, beginning with the origins of email in host-based and LAN-based systems and early attempts at interoperability. It describes the basic elements of an email like the message header and body. It then explains the process of how email is sent, from the sender composing and sending a message, to routing through MTAs and delivery to the recipient's inbox. Key protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP are also mentioned.
This document discusses email, including what it is, how it works, different types of email accounts, the differences between electronic and postal mail, how email is used in personal and business contexts, and email etiquette. Specifically, it defines email as electronic messages sent over the internet, describes the basic process of how a message is sent from one user to another, lists some common email providers like Hotmail, Yahoo, and AOL, and outlines some best practices for email communication including being polite, using an informative subject line, and keeping messages concise.
This document provides an overview of email, including:
- A brief history, noting that Ray Tomlinson invented internet-based email in 1971 using the @ symbol to indicate a user and host computer.
- An explanation of how email works, from a sender composing a message, it being sent to an SMTP server and found the recipient's server, and then the recipient downloading the message.
- The key parts of an email, including the header with information like sender, subject, date, and the message body containing the actual content.
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP on port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. IMAP and POP3 are additional protocols that allow users to access their mailboxes to read and manage messages.
The document discusses various internet-related topics including:
- The internet connects millions of people worldwide through the largest global network.
- A website is a collection of webpages, and a webpage is a digital page containing information like text. The homepage is the first page of a website.
- A web browser is a software used to access websites, and Internet Explorer was once the most widely used browser.
- Search engines are designed to search the internet for information across networks. Email allows sending and receiving electronic messages between accounts with an internet connection.
The Java Mail Server project allows clients to connect to a mail server to send and receive emails and attachments. The project is divided into three modules: a server module that uses server sockets to accept client connections, a client module that uses sockets to connect to the server, and an email inbox module that handles mail functions like forwarding, viewing attachments, and saving emails. The server stores details of client connections, mail sending and receiving. Clients can connect when the server is active to exchange emails with other clients. Usernames and passwords are stored in data files rather than a SQL server. The project provides automatic threading to handle socket connections and includes features for reliable TCP communication between clients.
This document discusses email applications and issues with email recovery and conversion. It notes that email is commonly used for communication and applications like Outlook and Apple Mail are commonly used. It explains that email applications store emails in different file formats like .PST for Outlook. Issues can include corrupted email files requiring recovery or needing to convert between file formats when changing email applications. The document promotes a solution for managing email file recovery and conversion issues.
Assignment protocols, methods and servicesLouise Reed
This document defines and explains various internet protocols, devices, and methods. It discusses what protocols like WWW and broadband are and how they are used to transmit data over the internet. It also defines communication methods like email, instant messaging, SMS, MMS, and blogs - explaining what each one is and how people use them to communicate. Finally, it outlines some key internet services like internet service providers, domains, and the concept of Web 3.0 - describing what each service is and how internet users interact with and benefit from them.
Email is a method for transmitting data, files, photos, and audio/video between computers over the internet. It originated in the 1960s-1970s for communication between computer terminals and evolved with the growth of networks and the internet. Email users can create and send messages with attachments to recipients individually or in groups from commercial programs using an email address format of username@organization.country.
E-mail began in 1965 as a way for users of time-sharing computers to communicate. It became popular in 1990 and is now a major form of personal and business communication. E-mail works on a 'store and forward' basis, with messages stored on servers until recipients access their accounts to retrieve messages sent to their username@domain address.
This document describes an email system that allows administrators to securely transmit email files and policies from a central server to client computers over a network. The system includes a server that establishes connections between clients to allow them to send, receive, and read messages. Tracking information like the sender, receiver, and IP addresses are included with messages. The proposed system was developed using Java and Swing components on Windows machines to simulate the email sending and receiving process between two users connected through a server.
Alternative Methods Of Communication To Consumerguestf9788dc7
The document discusses various alternative methods of internet-based communication that consumers can use, including email, instant messaging, blogs, RSS, and bulletin board systems (BBS). It provides details on how each method works, such as how email is sent and received through servers, how instant messages are exchanged in real-time between users by screen name, how blogs allow publishing of content in reverse chronological order, how RSS syndicates content summaries, and how BBS originally allowed sharing of text-based messages over dial-up networks.
This document summarizes the key aspects of email (electronic mail). It defines email as a method of exchanging digital messages between an author and one or more recipients over the Internet or other computer networks. Modern email systems use a store-and-forward model where email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Popular free email services mentioned include Yahoo Mail, Windows Hotmail, and Google Mail (Gmail). Some advantages of email discussed are that it provides a faster, more convenient, and free alternative to traditional mailing; allows for time-sensitive information to be shared quickly; and enables targeted and expanded reach of messages.
E-mail functions similarly to regular mail by allowing users to send messages to addresses, but it has key differences - messages are delivered nearly instantly, can be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously, and accessed from any internet connection. An e-mail address contains a username and domain name separated by an "@" symbol, and basic e-mail services are offered for free through web-based providers like Yahoo Mail and Hotmail, as well as through individual Internet Service Providers.
This document describes an intranet mailing system created by Saili Mane. The system aims to provide secure internal communication and information sharing within an organization. It allows users to send emails to individuals or groups, manage contacts, and access mailboxes, drafts, and sent messages. The system was implemented using technologies like HTML, CSS, Java, JSP, JDBC, and deployed on a Glassfish application server with a MySQL database. It provides features like user authentication, composing and sending emails, and searching. The system is intended to improve workforce productivity and promote communication within the organization.
An intranet mail system provides secure internal email capabilities for an organization. It uses standard internet protocols like SMTP and POP3 but has a firewall for security. The system allows authorized users to communicate reliably and cost-effectively. Intranet email works similarly to regular email but is only accessible to organizational members. It enhances workforce productivity, communication, and promotes a common corporate culture at a low cost.
i. A mail server is an application that receives emails and forwards them to their intended recipients. It works with other programs like SMTP and POP3/IMAP to deliver emails.
ii. Mail servers can be broken down into outgoing SMTP servers and incoming POP3/IMAP servers. SMTP sends emails while POP3/IMAP receives emails and stores them locally or on the server.
iii. Administering a mail server involves configuring items like connectors, transport rules, address lists, storage groups and mailbox policies. It also involves using tools like message tracking and queue viewers for maintenance and troubleshooting.
The document discusses basic logic operations and logic gates. It explains that logic operations like AND, OR, and XOR can be implemented using logic gates and combined to perform more complex functions. Some common logic functions mentioned are comparison, arithmetic, coding, decoding, data selection, storage, and counting. Logic gates take binary inputs and produce binary outputs based on truth tables that define the logic operations.
Structures allow grouping of related data types together under one name. A structure defines members of different data types. Structure variables can be declared to access members using dot operator. Arrays of structures can be defined to represent multiple records. Structures can be nested by defining a structure as a member of another structure. Unions are similar to structures but share same memory space for members rather than each occupying own space like in structures.
The document summarizes how email works, beginning with the origins of email in host-based and LAN-based systems and early attempts at interoperability. It describes the basic elements of an email like the message header and body. It then explains the process of how email is sent, from the sender composing and sending a message, to routing through MTAs and delivery to the recipient's inbox. Key protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP are also mentioned.
This document discusses email, including what it is, how it works, different types of email accounts, the differences between electronic and postal mail, how email is used in personal and business contexts, and email etiquette. Specifically, it defines email as electronic messages sent over the internet, describes the basic process of how a message is sent from one user to another, lists some common email providers like Hotmail, Yahoo, and AOL, and outlines some best practices for email communication including being polite, using an informative subject line, and keeping messages concise.
This document provides an overview of email, including:
- A brief history, noting that Ray Tomlinson invented internet-based email in 1971 using the @ symbol to indicate a user and host computer.
- An explanation of how email works, from a sender composing a message, it being sent to an SMTP server and found the recipient's server, and then the recipient downloading the message.
- The key parts of an email, including the header with information like sender, subject, date, and the message body containing the actual content.
A mail server is a computer that handles email delivery. It implements the client and server portions of SMTP to reliably transfer messages between servers using TCP on port 25. A mail server stores users' incoming emails in their mailboxes and queues outgoing messages to be sent. IMAP and POP3 are additional protocols that allow users to access their mailboxes to read and manage messages.
The document discusses various internet-related topics including:
- The internet connects millions of people worldwide through the largest global network.
- A website is a collection of webpages, and a webpage is a digital page containing information like text. The homepage is the first page of a website.
- A web browser is a software used to access websites, and Internet Explorer was once the most widely used browser.
- Search engines are designed to search the internet for information across networks. Email allows sending and receiving electronic messages between accounts with an internet connection.
The Java Mail Server project allows clients to connect to a mail server to send and receive emails and attachments. The project is divided into three modules: a server module that uses server sockets to accept client connections, a client module that uses sockets to connect to the server, and an email inbox module that handles mail functions like forwarding, viewing attachments, and saving emails. The server stores details of client connections, mail sending and receiving. Clients can connect when the server is active to exchange emails with other clients. Usernames and passwords are stored in data files rather than a SQL server. The project provides automatic threading to handle socket connections and includes features for reliable TCP communication between clients.
This document discusses email applications and issues with email recovery and conversion. It notes that email is commonly used for communication and applications like Outlook and Apple Mail are commonly used. It explains that email applications store emails in different file formats like .PST for Outlook. Issues can include corrupted email files requiring recovery or needing to convert between file formats when changing email applications. The document promotes a solution for managing email file recovery and conversion issues.
Assignment protocols, methods and servicesLouise Reed
This document defines and explains various internet protocols, devices, and methods. It discusses what protocols like WWW and broadband are and how they are used to transmit data over the internet. It also defines communication methods like email, instant messaging, SMS, MMS, and blogs - explaining what each one is and how people use them to communicate. Finally, it outlines some key internet services like internet service providers, domains, and the concept of Web 3.0 - describing what each service is and how internet users interact with and benefit from them.
Email is a method for transmitting data, files, photos, and audio/video between computers over the internet. It originated in the 1960s-1970s for communication between computer terminals and evolved with the growth of networks and the internet. Email users can create and send messages with attachments to recipients individually or in groups from commercial programs using an email address format of username@organization.country.
E-mail began in 1965 as a way for users of time-sharing computers to communicate. It became popular in 1990 and is now a major form of personal and business communication. E-mail works on a 'store and forward' basis, with messages stored on servers until recipients access their accounts to retrieve messages sent to their username@domain address.
This document describes an email system that allows administrators to securely transmit email files and policies from a central server to client computers over a network. The system includes a server that establishes connections between clients to allow them to send, receive, and read messages. Tracking information like the sender, receiver, and IP addresses are included with messages. The proposed system was developed using Java and Swing components on Windows machines to simulate the email sending and receiving process between two users connected through a server.
Alternative Methods Of Communication To Consumerguestf9788dc7
The document discusses various alternative methods of internet-based communication that consumers can use, including email, instant messaging, blogs, RSS, and bulletin board systems (BBS). It provides details on how each method works, such as how email is sent and received through servers, how instant messages are exchanged in real-time between users by screen name, how blogs allow publishing of content in reverse chronological order, how RSS syndicates content summaries, and how BBS originally allowed sharing of text-based messages over dial-up networks.
This document summarizes the key aspects of email (electronic mail). It defines email as a method of exchanging digital messages between an author and one or more recipients over the Internet or other computer networks. Modern email systems use a store-and-forward model where email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Popular free email services mentioned include Yahoo Mail, Windows Hotmail, and Google Mail (Gmail). Some advantages of email discussed are that it provides a faster, more convenient, and free alternative to traditional mailing; allows for time-sensitive information to be shared quickly; and enables targeted and expanded reach of messages.
E-mail functions similarly to regular mail by allowing users to send messages to addresses, but it has key differences - messages are delivered nearly instantly, can be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously, and accessed from any internet connection. An e-mail address contains a username and domain name separated by an "@" symbol, and basic e-mail services are offered for free through web-based providers like Yahoo Mail and Hotmail, as well as through individual Internet Service Providers.
This document describes an intranet mailing system created by Saili Mane. The system aims to provide secure internal communication and information sharing within an organization. It allows users to send emails to individuals or groups, manage contacts, and access mailboxes, drafts, and sent messages. The system was implemented using technologies like HTML, CSS, Java, JSP, JDBC, and deployed on a Glassfish application server with a MySQL database. It provides features like user authentication, composing and sending emails, and searching. The system is intended to improve workforce productivity and promote communication within the organization.
An intranet mail system provides secure internal email capabilities for an organization. It uses standard internet protocols like SMTP and POP3 but has a firewall for security. The system allows authorized users to communicate reliably and cost-effectively. Intranet email works similarly to regular email but is only accessible to organizational members. It enhances workforce productivity, communication, and promotes a common corporate culture at a low cost.
i. A mail server is an application that receives emails and forwards them to their intended recipients. It works with other programs like SMTP and POP3/IMAP to deliver emails.
ii. Mail servers can be broken down into outgoing SMTP servers and incoming POP3/IMAP servers. SMTP sends emails while POP3/IMAP receives emails and stores them locally or on the server.
iii. Administering a mail server involves configuring items like connectors, transport rules, address lists, storage groups and mailbox policies. It also involves using tools like message tracking and queue viewers for maintenance and troubleshooting.
The document discusses basic logic operations and logic gates. It explains that logic operations like AND, OR, and XOR can be implemented using logic gates and combined to perform more complex functions. Some common logic functions mentioned are comparison, arithmetic, coding, decoding, data selection, storage, and counting. Logic gates take binary inputs and produce binary outputs based on truth tables that define the logic operations.
Structures allow grouping of related data types together under one name. A structure defines members of different data types. Structure variables can be declared to access members using dot operator. Arrays of structures can be defined to represent multiple records. Structures can be nested by defining a structure as a member of another structure. Unions are similar to structures but share same memory space for members rather than each occupying own space like in structures.
This document provides an overview of memory organization and cache memory. It discusses the memory hierarchy from fast, small registers and caches closer to the CPU to larger, slower main memory and permanent storage like disks further away. Cache memory stores recently accessed data from main memory to speed up future accesses by taking advantage of temporal and spatial locality. Caches can be direct mapped, set associative, or fully associative and use different replacement policies like LRU when a block needs to be evicted.
The document discusses basic logic operations and logic gates. It explains that logic operations like AND, OR, and NOT are performed by logic gates and manipulate binary inputs to produce binary outputs. The AND gate produces a HIGH output only if all inputs are HIGH. The OR gate produces a HIGH output if any input is HIGH. The NOT gate inverts the input. More complex logic functions can be built by combining these basic logic gates, including arithmetic operations, comparisons, encoding, decoding, data selection, storage, and counting.
The document discusses how truth tables can be used to determine the logical status of propositions and arguments. Truth tables assign truth values (True/False) to propositions based on the truth values of their component statements, allowing the logical status of single propositions and groups of propositions to be determined. The logical status can be tautology, contradiction, contingent, equivalent, satisfiable/consistent, or unsatisfiable/inconsistent depending on the truth values. Validity of arguments can also be determined from truth tables by checking if the conclusion is true in all rows where the premises are true. Examples of truth tables are provided to illustrate these concepts.
The document discusses the different phases of a compiler: analysis, synthesis, and code generation. The analysis phase includes lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis to convert the source code into an intermediate representation. The synthesis phase takes the intermediate code and performs optimization and code generation to create the target machine code. Key parts of the compiler include the lexical analyzer, syntax analyzer, semantic analyzer, symbol table manager, intermediate code generator, code optimizer, code generator, and error handler.
This document covers digital circuitry topics including number systems, digital waveforms, pulse characteristics, waveform characteristics, and timing diagrams. It defines positive and negative pulses, and describes pulse parameters like rise time, fall time, pulse width, and amplitude. Periodic and non-periodic waveforms are discussed as well as frequency, period, and duty cycle. Timing diagrams are introduced as a way to synchronize digital signals with a clock waveform where each clock interval represents one bit. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating pulse characteristics and drawing timing diagrams.
The document discusses the key phases and components of a compiler. It describes a compiler as a program that translates a program written in a source language into an equivalent program in a target language. The main phases covered are lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, intermediate code generation, code optimization, code generation, and symbol table management. Lexical analysis involves breaking the source code into tokens, while syntax and semantic analysis ensure grammatical correctness and type checking. The output of these phases can undergo code optimizations before final code generation in the target language.
pointer, structure ,union and intro to file handlingRai University
This document provides information on structures in C programming language. It defines a structure called "employee" to store details of employees like ID, name, salary etc. It demonstrates how to declare and initialize structure variables, access structure members, pass structures to functions, return structures from functions, and create arrays of structures. The full code for a sample program implementing structures to store and print details of two employees is also provided.
The document discusses different types of flip flops including JK and T flip flops. It provides information on their structures, truth tables, and time diagrams. It also presents example questions and applications of flip flops in memory, shift registers, and counters.
Logical and Conditional Operator In C languageAbdul Rehman
The document discusses logical operators (&&, ||, !) and conditional operators. It defines each operator, provides truth tables to illustrate how they work, and gives examples of code using each one. The && operator returns true only if both conditions are true. The || operator returns true if either condition is true. The ! operator inverts the value of a condition. The conditional operator ?: is like an if/else statement written in a single line and can be nested to evaluate multiple conditions.
Structures allow grouping of related data and can be used to represent records. A structure defines a template for the format of its members. Structures can contain basic data types and arrays. Structure variables can be initialized, and members accessed using dot operator. Arrays of structures can be used to represent tables of related data. Unions share the same storage location for members, allowing only one member to be active at a time. Both structures and unions can be used as function parameters.
This document discusses digital logic gates and circuits. It describes the basic logic gates - NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR - and how each is represented by a truth table. Combinational circuits are defined as having outputs determined solely by current inputs, while sequential circuits can store past input states in memory elements like flip-flops and registers. Examples of common combinational circuits are provided.
The document describes the memory hierarchy in computer systems. It consists of several levels of memory organized from smallest and fastest (registers) to largest and slowest (auxiliary memory). Each level above stores data found in the level below but with longer access times. The memory hierarchy aims to obtain the fastest average access speed while minimizing cost by exploiting the principle of locality, where programs tend to reuse the same data or related data over time.
C structures allow grouping of related data items under one name. Structures are scalars that can be passed as function arguments or assigned to variables. Unions share the same memory region for all members, so only one member can be accessed at a time. Both structures and unions allow organizing related data and passing groups of data together.
Memory Hierarchy
The memory unit is an essential component in any digital computer since it is needed for storing programs and data
Not all accumulated information is needed by the CPU at the same time
Therefore, it is more economical to use low-cost storage devices to serve as a backup for storing the information that is not currently used by CPU
auxiliary memory
main memory
cache memory
RAM– Random Access memory
Random Access Memory Types
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
ROM(Read Only Memory)
ROM(Read Only Memory)
The document discusses truth tables, which are used to determine if compound statements are true or false. It provides examples of truth tables for negation, conjunction, and disjunction. A conjunction is true only when both statements are true, while a disjunction is true when at least one statement is true. Truth tables can have more than two statements, with each additional statement doubling the number of possible cases.
In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object, whose value refers to (or "points to") another value stored elsewhere in the computer memory using its memory address. A pointer references a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as dereferencing the pointer.
A compiler is a computer program that translates a program written in a source language into an equivalent program in a target language. The compilation process involves scanning the source code, parsing it, performing semantic analysis, generating intermediate code, optimizing the code, and finally generating the target code. Key data structures used in compilers include symbol tables to store information about identifiers, literal tables to store constants, and parse trees to represent the syntactic structure of the program.
Email allows users to send electronic messages from one computer to another via the internet. It works on a client-server model where clients send and receive email through email servers connected over the internet. Email messages consist of a header containing sender, recipient, date and subject information, and a body containing the text and any attachments. Common email protocols include SMTP for message transfer between servers, and POP and IMAP for client access to messages on servers.
E-mail was invented in 1971 by Ray Tomlinson and allows computer users to exchange messages over a network. It consists of a header with information like the sender, recipient, date, and subject, and a body containing the message and any attachments. Email works on a client-server model, with clients like Outlook communicating with email servers using protocols like SMTP and POP3 over specific TCP/IP ports. While email enables quick communication, it can also spread viruses and users must be wary of scams. Overall, email remains one of the most effective ways to exchange information electronically.
Electronic mail, often abbreviated as email, e.mail or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages. E-mail systems are based on a store-and-forward model in which e-mail computer server systems accept, forward, deliver and store messages on behalf of users, who only need to connect to the e-mail infrastructure, typically an e-mail server, with a network-enabled device (e.g., a personal computer) for the duration of message submission or retrieval. Originally, e-mail was always transmitted directly from one user's device to another's; nowadays this is rarely the case.ThesisScientist.com
This document provides an overview and comparison of different email programs and services, including Outlook Express, Thunderbird, Opera M2Client, and web-based services like Gmail and Hotmail. It discusses the basic features and configuration of email, including addressing, attachments, addressing books, and etiquette. Issues like spam and privacy related to web-based services are also covered.
This document discusses electronic communication services like email, instant messaging, text messaging, voice over IP, online conferencing, and social media. It defines these services and explains how they work. It also covers email specifically, defining parts of an email address and message, as well as how to reply, forward, and courtesy copy or blind copy emails.
Electronic mail (email) has been in use for over three decades. The document provides an overview of the key components and processes that make up an email system. It discusses the architecture, which consists of user agents that allow people to read and send email, and message transfer agents that move messages between servers. Messages are sent between agents in a standard format defined by RFC 5322 and extended by MIME. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to transfer messages between agents over the internet.
Tutorial 2 - Basic Communication on the Internet: Emaildpd
The document discusses email and how it works. It describes how email is sent and received through servers and protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP. It also covers common email features like addresses, headers, signatures, and attachments. Finally, it discusses configuring and using email clients like Outlook Express and Windows Mail to send, receive, and manage emails.
The document discusses the architecture and components of email systems. It describes how early email systems required both the sender and recipient to be online simultaneously, while present systems use a store-and-forward model where neither need be online. It outlines the key components of email, including user agents for composing and reading messages, and message transfer agents for moving messages between systems. Common protocols like SMTP, POP, and IMAP are discussed for sending, receiving, and accessing emails.
Electronic mail (email) allows digital messages to be exchanged between an author and recipients. An email message consists of a header, body, and can include attachments. Email was originally designed for 7-bit ASCII text but now supports different character sets and attachments through standards like MIME. While initially used for personal communication, email was widely adopted by businesses for its simplicity and ability to solve communication logistics and synchronization issues. Potential problems with email include information overload, attachment size limits, spam, viruses, and privacy concerns.
Electronic mail (email) is the most widely used service on the Internet. Email allows users to send messages to one or many recipients anywhere in the world almost instantly. An email address contains a username and domain name separated by an "@" symbol. Emails are sent and received through mail servers and delivered between servers using standard protocols. Attachments can also be included with emails to share files. Basic email functions include composing, sending, receiving, replying, and organizing messages into folders.
The document provides an overview of the internet and its evolution. It discusses how the internet started as a US government project called ARPANET in the 1960s. It later expanded to include universities, research labs, and other networks. By the late 1980s and 1990s, the NSFNET connected supercomputer centers and commercial internet services became available, allowing the general public access to the growing network of networks called the internet. The anatomy and basic components of the internet like clients, servers, protocols, and URL addressing are also summarized.
The document discusses the history and importance of networked communication applications. It describes how the focus has shifted from clerical support to managerial and professional group work. It outlines different keyboard-based tools like email, computer conferencing and electronic meeting rooms. It also discusses standards around voice, video, middleware, electronic mail, computer conferencing, and directory servers. Finally, it briefly introduces workflow systems and project management systems.
Electronic mail, commonly known as email, allows digital messages to be exchanged between an author and recipients over computer networks like the Internet. Early email systems required both parties to be online simultaneously, but modern email uses a store-and-forward model where messages are sent to and stored on email servers until the recipient connects. An email consists of a message envelope containing sender/recipient addresses, a message header with fields like subject, and the message body. Originally only text, email has evolved to support attachments and non-ASCII character sets.
The document discusses email and groupware. It defines email as electronic messages sent over a network between users. Groupware refers to collaborative software that allows dispersed teams to work together synchronously or asynchronously. The document outlines various email providers, how to create an email account, potential email threats, examples of groupware products like Microsoft Exchange, and design considerations for groupware compared to traditional user interfaces.
The document provides an overview of electronic mail (email) including its definition, history, technical aspects, applications, and role in society. It discusses early host-based and LAN-based email systems from the 1960s and 1970s. Key components of email like SMTP, POP, and MIME protocols are explained. Common email applications include Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express, and web-based email. The document also briefly discusses the impact and use of email in social communication and business.
Email is a method for transmitting data, files, photos, and audio/video between computers over the internet. It originated in the 1960s-1970s for company messaging and became popular in the early 1990s when connections allowed worldwide email. Email users create and send messages with addresses specifying the recipient's name, organization, and country, and messages can include headers, attachments, and be stored, replied to, or forwarded. Email offers advantages like easy, fast, worldwide communication at low cost.
This document describes a mobile application called "My Mechanic" that connects users needing automobile repairs with experienced mechanics. The app allows users to hire a mechanic who can reach their location with tools to fix common mechanical issues like gearboxes, brakes, and air conditioning systems. Mechanics benefit by registering with the app to gain customers and earn income. Registration requires certificates and 10 years of experience. The app provides affordable mechanical services across major Pakistani cities.
History
Description of Windows Architecture
Layered Architecture
Portability
System Components
Processes & Threads
Kernel Scheduling
Object Manager
Virtual Memory Management
File System
Memory Management
Risk refers to situations involving uncertainty of profit or loss. There are four types of risk control: accept risk, mitigate risk, eliminate risk, and transfer risk. Accepting risk means stakeholders approve taking on a risk, like a project failure. Mitigating risk reduces risk to an acceptable level, like assigning experienced managers to a project. Eliminating risk reduces risk to zero by stopping the risky activity. Transferring risk shifts it to another entity, like purchasing insurance to transfer fire damage risk.
The document discusses the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), which uses a reliable stream-based transmission method for distributing, posting, and retrieving news articles. NNTP provides fast transmission through less expensive connections and has characteristics like privacy, security, reliability, and ease of use. NNTP facilitates server-to-server exchanges of latest articles and user-to-server connections where users access accessible newsgroups through news readers. In conclusion, NNTP has proven successful for exchanging ideas but needs improvements to meet growing internet demands and is widely used by newsgroups today.
Honda was founded in 1948 by Soichiro Honda as a motorcycle manufacturer. It has since expanded to become a major manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, engines, and robots. The presentation provides an overview of Honda's history, leadership, products, worldwide presence, quality objectives, and promotional strategies. It highlights Honda's focus on fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness.
1) What is Fiber Optics?
2) Structure of Fiber Optics.
3) Modes of Fiber Optics.
4) How It Is made.
5) Communication System.
6) Evolution of Fiber Optics.
7) Advantages/ Disadvantages.
8) Applications of Fiber Optics.
9) Conclusion.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
5. It is similar to the traditional
mail system with post boxes,
post offices, envelopes and
addresses. The difference is
that here messages are sent
electronically to other
computer users via Internet.
6. One can send
computer
documents, graphics,
software or anything
else that can be
turned into a digital
form attached to an
email message.
7. Message needs to be
converted into a digital form
and forwarded to a computer
that acts as a mail server or
post office.
8. Basic Parts of the E-mail
System
Clients software
Message store
Message transport
Management System
Gateways
9. Client Software
Client software is a user interface that
allows users to read and send messages.
It shows the list of all of the messages
in mailbox by displaying the message
headers that shows who sent the mail,
the subject of the mail and may also
show the time and date of the message
and the message size.
10.
11. Message Store
A Message Store can exist in more than
one place at the same time. Its best to
keep all email in one main Message
Store on the server.
13. Management System
Management software is used to create
user mailboxes, to maintain address
lists and routing information, and to
monitor message traffic.
14. Gateways
Gateways are needed only if a message
must be translated in order to travel
from a private email system to another,
or to the public Internet mail system.